Discouraged workers in developed countries and added workers in developing countries? Unemployment rate and labour force participation

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace H.Y. Lee ◽  
Jaai Parasnis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Discouraged Workers

scholarly journals Child Poverty in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Poor Children

Poverty is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Poverty issue is examined on a sector and national levels. Addition it is examined in households and gender level in many countries. When these studies are examined, the most affected segments of poverty are women and children. In our study: The relationship between the woman poverty rates and female labour force participation rates were examined in Turkey. Poor children do not only occur in developing countries. In developed countries and in countries with high income levels, poor children are likely to occur. Adults’ poverty is possible to solve in time with employment, aids and donations. However, child poverty continues in the future. Unfortunately, aid to households are not enough. So the problem must be clearly demonstrated and implemented specific policies for children. Child is the social structure of the subject. Damage to children will be create a domino effect in the future. Consequently, it should be recognized and taken measures taken in advance.

scholarly journals Education and Unemployment in Israel, 1976-1994: Reducing the Anomaly

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob (Yaacov) Weisberg ◽  
Noah M. Meltz
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Low Educated

In industrialized economics, unemployment rates are inversely related to education levels. Data from 1963 to 1994 show that Israël is an anomaly exhibiting an inverted U-shaped relationship. Workers with 9-12 years of schooling consistently experienced a higher level of unemployment than the schooling groups with less and more education. Multivariate regression analysis of data for Israël during the 1976-1994 period indicates that this inverted U-shaped relationship is moderating. The national unemployment rate and a time trend variable had positive and significant effects tending to strengthen the inverted U-shaped relationship. However, an increase in the unemployment rate within the 0-8 education group relative to the 9-12 group and a decline in the labour force participation rate of the 0-8 group overrode these factors, resulting in a flattening of the inverse relationship. The major factor responsible for the anomaly in the education-unemployment relationship in Israël appears to be government policies intended to protect low-educated immigrants with large familles. A reduction in government support over recent years seems to have increased the exposure of the least educated to labour market forces.

W.T.O. AND LABOUR ISSUES: A CHALLENGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Dr. Sunil Kumar Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Competent Body ◽  
Labour Standards

Labour standard is the most burning agenda of the WTO ministerial dialogue held in Doha because advance countries wants to counter the demand of developing countries eg. opening market for agro exports, reduction of subsidy and support by developed countries etc. but the true picture of labour force in developing countries is that they do not have skilled, socially, economically child labour protected work force  due to lots of reasons at the international standard. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the competent body to set and deal with these standards, and we affirm our support for its work in promoting them. We believe that economic growth and development fostered by increased trade and further trade liberalization contribute to the promotion of these standards. We reject the use of labour standards for protectionist purposes, and agree that the comparative advantage of countries, particularly low-wage developing countries, must in no way be put into question. In this regard, we note that the WTO and ILO Secretariats will continue their existing collaboration.

Lower workforce will impair global GDP trend growth

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Discouraged Workers ◽  
The Impact

Subject Changing demography and socio-economic trends in the labour force. Significance Changes in immigration and societal factors are causing labour supply shifts in the EU and the United States. Alongside the debate over the state of the US economy, there has been discussion over the persistent decline in US labour force participation and the impact on the economy of discouraged workers, who may never go back to the labour force. The United Kingdom has experienced population gains and an acceleration in the birth rate due to net immigration over the last decade. Impacts A rising UK population will pressure an already tight housing market and transport systems. High social benefits paid to younger people while actively job-seeking will encourage registration, boosting the UK labour force. Higher cyclical unemployment might become structural through the 'hysteresis' phenomenon, as job seekers get discouraged.

scholarly journals GENDER GAP INDEX FOR EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Shweta Tewari ◽  
Rajshree Chouhan ◽  
Sanjeev
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate

Women account for nearly half of the human resources of a nation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, in spite of focus on women empowerment, condition of women at the work place is not very encouraging. Women often face greater barriers than men in terms of securing a decent jobs, wages and conducive working conditions. Provisions relating to women’s work were introduced in 1891, with amendment of the Factories Act, 1881. After independence, number of provisions has been made in the constitutions to protect the welfare of women workers. Number of protective legislations have also been made and implemented by the government for the interest of women workers. The basic objective behind implementation of these legislation are to provide equal and a decent level of remuneration, proper child care center , maternity relief and decent working conditions to women workers. Despite these constitutional and legislative arrangements to reduce gender gap, women in India are facing discrimination at work place and suffer from harassment. The present paper critically reviewed the effectiveness of government policies and legislations framed and enacted for the welfare of women workers. It also examines the gender dimensions of the trends in various aspects of labour market viz. labour force participation rate, workforce participation rate, unemployment rate and wage rate. An attempt has been made to capture the discrimination at work by computing Gender Gap Index using major indicators of labour market. For computing the index, data for the last four decades has been used. The analysis shows that there are gaps in effective enforcement of relevant laws and implementation of women responsive policies. The gender gap index for employment opportunities and the analysis of major employment indicators showed that gender gap is increasing in many aspects. Major indicators of employment such as Labour Force participation rate, Worker population ratio, Unemployment rate and wages now have larger gender gaps than before.

Older adults’ integration in the labour market: a global view

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Börsch-Supan ◽  
Felizia Hanemann ◽  
Brian Beach ◽  
Didier Halimi ◽  
Susana Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract What governs labour force participation in later life and why is it so different across countries? Health and labour force participation in older ages are not strongly linked, but we observe a large variation across countries in old-age labour force participation. This points to the important role of country-specific regulations governing pension receipt and old-age labour force participation. In addition to the statutory eligibility age for a pension, such country-specific regulations include: earnings tests that limit the amount of earnings when pension benefits are received; the amount of benefit deductions for early retirement; the availability of part-time pensions before normal retirement; special regulations that permit early retirement for certain population groups; and either subsidies or extra costs for employers if they keep older employees in their labour force. This paper asks two questions: Can we link a relatively low labour force participation at ages 60–64 to country-specific regulations that make early retirement attractive? and Can we link a relatively high labour force participation at ages 65–74 to country-specific regulations that make late retirement attractive? To answer these questions, we compared the experiences in a set of developed countries around the world in order to understand better the impact of country-specific rules and laws on work and retirement behaviour at older ages and, by consequence, on the financial sustainability of pension systems.

scholarly journals How Does Government Spending Affect Labour Force Participation and Unemployment Within the WAMZ Countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Abdulaleem Moyosore Isiaka
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Long Run

This study utilizes static and dynamic models in examining the short run and long run impacts of government spending on labour force participation and unemployment within the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) over the period 1991-2018. While the static models are estimated using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) technique and the Least Squares Dummy Variables (LSDV) technique, the dynamic models are estimated using the GMM-IV technique. The GMM-IV technique better addresses endogeneity issues relative to the other techniques utilized and also, the parameters obtained from the technique are confirmed to be consistent by the Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation. Accordingly, this technique is given preference in this paper. The results from the technique reveal that government spending increases the labour force participation rate but has an ambiguous impact on unemployment rate. In the long run, the parameter estimates largely remain unchanged in terms of their sign and significance; however, they increase in size. Based on these findings, this paper firstly recommends that policy makers intensify efforts in increasing government spending; as a reduction may impact negatively on the labour force participation rate. Secondly, this paper recommends the formulation and implementation of fiscal policies that are robust enough to reduce the unemployment rate as they increase the labour force participation rate.

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