Lower workforce will impair global GDP trend growth

The United States ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽

Job Seekers ◽

Content Type ◽

Us Economy ◽

Discouraged Workers ◽

Subject Changing demography and socio-economic trends in the labour force. Significance Changes in immigration and societal factors are causing labour supply shifts in the EU and the United States. Alongside the debate over the state of the US economy, there has been discussion over the persistent decline in US labour force participation and the impact on the economy of discouraged workers, who may never go back to the labour force. The United Kingdom has experienced population gains and an acceleration in the birth rate due to net immigration over the last decade. Impacts A rising UK population will pressure an already tight housing market and transport systems. High social benefits paid to younger people while actively job-seeking will encourage registration, boosting the UK labour force. Higher cyclical unemployment might become structural through the 'hysteresis' phenomenon, as job seekers get discouraged.

Can globalisation promote female labour force participation?

International Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.1108/ijdi-07-2019-0135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 303-322

Author(s):

Harpal Sangha ◽

Robert Riegler

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Labour Force ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Labour Force Participation Rate ◽

Economic Dimension ◽

Female Labour ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Economic Globalisation

Purpose This study aims to analyse whether globalisation, i.e. informational and economic globalisation, promoted or impeded female labour force participation (FLFP) in South Asia. Design/methodology/approach The KOF Globalisation Index is used alongside a fixed effect panel data Discroll–Kraay estimator to control for unobserved factors and achieve robust standard errors. The sample covers all South Asian countries for the period 1999–2015. Findings Globalisation does not advocate the “feminisation of employment”; in fact, the impact is negative. This is driven by the economic dimension of globalisation, particularly for younger women. However, this impact is mitigated by informational globalisation that affects FLFP positively, especially for women aged 35 years and older. Practical implications Without support of the right governmental policies, there is a danger of globalisation creating new obstacles for women to enter the labour market. Originality/value This paper adds to the existing literature by using the more comprehensive KOF globalisation measure to identify the overall effect of globalisation on FLFP in South Asia, being the first study to analyse the impact of informational alongside economic globalisation, and investigating whether globalisation affects the labour force participation rate of various female age cohorts differently.

Can the concept of “lean management” be applied to academic recruitment? – a quasi-theoretical discourse

Rajagiri Management Journal ◽

10.1108/ramj-07-2020-0039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Vic Benuyenah

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Labour Force ◽

Human Resources Management ◽

Job Seekers ◽

Content Type ◽

University Recruitment ◽

Complex Process ◽

Internet Revolution ◽

First Time

Purpose This paper seeks to emphasise the need to re-evaluate university teacher recruitment processes. The implementation of lean processes helps to improve organisational practices; in the case of university recruitment, however, organisational processes have remained unchanged for decades. Although there is a traditional justification for having academic recruitment as a rigorous and complex process (as a practiced method by which to identify the most suitable applicants), the increase of competition across the sector, and the internet revolution, has rendered these older methods partially ineffective. The author argues that recruitment systems and practices need reviewing to overhaul inefficacious elements. Design/methodology/approach This is a quasi-literature discourse combined with the author’s experience in human resources management teaching and recruitment expertise at the Higher Education level. Findings Lean approach if successfully introduced to academic recruitment might reduce the effect of discouraged job seekers paradox and workload on human resources (HR) officers. Research limitations/implications The volume of studies reviewed is limited, and therefore, more empirical findings are required in the area of lean recruitment. Practical implications HR departments of universities might consider practices that will improve the recruitment process and promote labour force participation. Originality/value According to the author’s knowledge, lean concept has been applied to HR (recruitment) for the first time in this study.

Female labour force participation and economic development

International Journal of Manpower ◽

10.1108/ijm-03-2017-0045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 896-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Misbah Tanveer Choudhry ◽

Paul Elhorst

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Demographic Transition ◽

Labour Force ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Participation Rates ◽

Female Labour ◽

Content Type ◽

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical model, which is aggregated across individuals to analyse the labour force participation rate, and empirical results to provide evidence of a U-shaped relationship between women’s labour force participation and economic development. Design/methodology/approach The U-shaped relationship is investigated by employing a panel data approach of 40 countries around the world over the period 1960–2005. It is investigated whether the labour force behaviour of women in different age groups can be lumped together by considering ten different age groups. Findings The paper finds evidence in favour of the U-shaped relationship. For every age group and explanatory variable in the model, a particular point is found where the regime of falling participation rates changes into a regime of rising participation rates. Research limitations/implications To evaluate this relationship, microeconomic analysis with primary data can also provide significant insights. Social implications Every country can narrow the gap between the labour participation rates of men and women in the long term. Fertility decline, shifts of employment to services, part-time work, increased opportunities in education, and the capital-to-labour ratio as a measure for economic development are the key determinants. Originality/value In addition to the U-shaped relationship, considerable research has been carried out on demographic transition. This paper brings these two strands of literature together, by econometrically investigating the impact of demographic transition on female labour force participation given its U-shaped relation with economic development, i.e., turning points for different explanatory variables are calculated and their implications for economic growth are discussed.

Does female labour force participation contribute to better financial inclusion? Evidence from cross-country analysis

Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences ◽

10.1108/jeas-08-2020-0151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Senthil Arasu Balasubramanian ◽

Thenmozhi Kuppusamy

Keyword(s):

Financial Services ◽

Credit Card ◽

Labour Force ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Content Type ◽

Cross Country ◽

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of female labour force participation (FLFP) in the access and usage of formal financial services by women.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses cross-country data from 107 countries. The study uses multivariate regression (OLS) to explain the impact of FLFP on the financial inclusion variables. The study also accounted for different groups of country-level control variables. Instrumental variables regression is also used in the study to consider for endogeneity issues.FindingsThe results show that FLFP has significant influence on all of the financial inclusion variables used in the study. The role of financial literacy is prominent in determining women's access to sophisticated financial services such as debit card and credit card. Improving financial infrastructure of an economy facilitates greater access to formal account by womenPractical implicationsFrom policymakers’ perspective, women should be motivated to enter labour market for better financial inclusion.Social implicationsMore opportunities for women to enter formal employment encourages female participation in labour market and benefits women and the economy.Originality/valueThis paper is the first of its kind to study the influence of FLFP on indicators of financial inclusion of women. The study extended the scope of access to financial services by considering access to bank account, debit card and credit card. The study also analysed use of financial services through digital platforms by women.

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

10.34196/ijm.00058 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deborah Schofield ◽

Rupendra Shrestha ◽

Emily Callander ◽

Richard Pervical ◽

Simon Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Prevention ◽

Labour Force ◽

The Cost ◽

The impact of counterfeit risk management on healthcare supply chain performance: an empirical analysis

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management ◽

10.1108/ijppm-08-2020-0426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mauro Falasca ◽

Scott Dellana ◽

William J. Rowe ◽

John F. Kros

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Supply Chain ◽

The United States ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Healthcare Organizations ◽

Content Type ◽

Overall Performance ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

PurposeThis study develops and tests a model exploring the relationship between supply chain (SC) counterfeit risk management and performance in the healthcare supply chain (HCSC).Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed theoretical model, HCSC counterfeit risk management is characterized by HCSC counterfeit risk orientation (HCRO), HCSC counterfeit risk mitigation (HCRM) and HCSC risk management integration (HRMI), while performance is represented by healthcare logistics performance (HLP) and healthcare organization overall performance (HOP). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and survey data from 55 HCSC managers are used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsHCRO has a significant positive effect on HCRM, while HCRM has a positive impact on HRMI. With respect to HLP, HCRM has a nonsignificant effect, while HRMI has a significant impact, thus confirming the important mediating role of HRMI. Finally, HLP has a significant positive effect on the overall performance of healthcare organizations.Research limitations/implicationsAll study participants were from the United States, limiting the generalizability of the study findings to different countries or regions. The sample size employed in the study did not allow the authors to distinguish among the different types of healthcare organizations.Originality/valueThis study delineates between a healthcare organization's philosophy toward counterfeiting risks vs actions taken to eliminate or reduce the impact of counterfeiting on the HCSC. By offering firm-level guidance for managers, this study informs healthcare organizations about addressing the challenge of counterfeiting in the HCSC.

Does the second wave of COVID-19 undermine corporate immunity? International evidence

International Journal of Social Economics ◽

10.1108/ijse-11-2020-0769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Huy Viet Hoang ◽

Cuong Nguyen ◽

Khanh Hoang

Keyword(s):

Stock Returns ◽

Stock Price ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The United States ◽

Least Square ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Second Wave ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeThis study compares the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock returns in the first two waves of infection across selected markets, given built-in corporate immunity before the global outbreak.Design/methodology/approachThe data are collected from listed firms in five markets that have experienced the second wave of COVID-19 contagion, namely the United States (US), Australia, China, Hong Kong and South Korea. The period of investigation in this study ranges from January 24 to August 28, 2020 to cover the first two COVID-19 waves in selected markets. The study estimates the research model by employing the ordinary least square method with fixed effects to control for the heterogeneity that may confound the empirical outcomes.FindingsThe analysis reveals that firms with larger size and more cash reserves before the COVID-19 outbreak have better stock performance under the first wave; however, these advantages impede stock resilience during the second wave. Corporate governance practices significantly influence stock returns only in the first wave as their effects fade when the second wave emerges. The results also suggest that in economies with greater power distance, although stock price depreciation was milder in the first wave, it is more intense when new cases again surge after the first wave was contained.Practical implicationsThis paper provides practical implications for corporate managers, policymakers and governments concerning crisis management strategies for COVID-19 and future pandemics.Originality/valueThis study is the first to evaluate built-in corporate immunity before the COVID-19 shock under successive contagious waves. Besides, this study accentuates the importance of cultural understanding in weathering the ongoing pandemic across different markets.

Bankruptcy filings, flooding, real estate prices and Leading Index

Property Management ◽

10.1108/pm-02-2021-0018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Billie Ann Brotman

Keyword(s):

Housing Prices ◽

The United States ◽

Flood Insurance ◽

Single Family ◽

Personal Bankruptcy ◽

Content Type ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Flooding Event ◽

Flooding Events ◽

PurposeFlood damage to uninsured single-family homes shifts the entire burden of costly repairs onto the homeowner. Homeowners in the United States and in much of Europe can purchase flood insurance. The Netherlands and Asian countries generally do not offer flood insurance protection to homeowners. Uninsured households incur the entire cost of repairing/replacing properties damaged due to flooding. Homeowners’ policies do not cover damage caused by flooding. The paper examines the link between personal bankruptcy and the severity of flooding events, property prices and financial condition levels.Design/methodology/approachA fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) regression model is developed which uses personal bankruptcy filings as its dependent variable during the years 2000 through 2018. This time-series model considers the association between personal bankruptcy court filings and costly, widespread flooding events. Independent variables were selected that potentially act as mitigating factors reducing bankruptcy filings.FindingsThe FMOLS regression results found a significant, positive association between flooding events and the total number of personal bankruptcy filings. Higher flooding costs were associated with higher bankruptcy filings. The Home Price Index is inversely related to the bankruptcy dependent variable. The R-squared results indicate that 0.65% of the movement in the dependent variable personal bankruptcy filings is explained by the severity of a flooding event and other independent variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe severity of the flooding event is measured using dollar losses incurred by the National Flood Insurance program. A macro-case study was undertaken, but the research results would have been enhanced by examining local areas and demographic factors that may have made bankruptcy filing following a flooding event more or less likely.Practical implicationsThe paper considers the impact of the natural disaster flooding on bankruptcy rates filings. The findings may have implications for multi-family properties as well as single-family housing. Purchasing flood insurance generally mitigates the likelihood of severe financial risk to the property owner.Social implicationsNatural flood insurance is underwritten by the federal government and/or by private insurers. The financial health of private property insurers that underwrite flooding and their ability to meet losses incurred needs to be carefully scrutinized by the insured.Originality/valuePrior studies analyzing the linkages existing between housing prices, natural disasters and bankruptcy used descriptive data, mostly percentages, when considering this association. The study herein posits the same questions as these prior studies but used regression analysis to analyze the linkages. The methodology enables additional independent variables to be added to the analysis.

Macroeconomic determinants of trade openness: empirical investigation of SAARC region

Journal of Asia Business Studies ◽

10.1108/jabs-12-2015-0207 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 151-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Tahir ◽

SAF Hasnu ◽

Mario Ruiz Estrada

Keyword(s):

Regional Cooperation ◽

Labour Force ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Least Square Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Content Type ◽

Currency Exchange ◽

Long Run ◽

Macroeconomic Determinants ◽

Purpose Trade openness plays a significant role in the growth process of countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of macroeconomic determinants on the trade openness of countries. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member countries and the data used were from 1971 to 2011. Panel data econometrics techniques and two stages least square method (TSLS) are used to carry out empirical analysis and robustness testing. Findings The main finding of the paper is that macroeconomic determinants such as investment both in physical and human capital and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) positively affect trade openness. Further, the size of labour force and currency exchange rate has also impacted trade openness negatively and significantly. Practical implications It implies that efficient macroeconomic management matters for higher trade openness. The sampled developing countries are suggested to pay favourable attention to macroeconomic variables if they want to grow in the long run through outward-oriented policies. Originality/value This paper is an original contribution in the context of SAARC countries by focusing on the relationship between macroeconomic determinants and trade openness.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ACCESS AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES

10.31124/advance.13370234.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anupam Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Labour Force ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

The Government ◽

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country's youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.