scholarly journals High Efficiency and Low Cost of Electricity Generation from Fossil Fuels While Eliminating Atmospheric Emissions, Including Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1135-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Allam ◽  
Miles R. Palmer ◽  
G. William Brown ◽  
Jeremy Fetvedt ◽  
David Freed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Cost Of Electricity

scholarly journals Direct Carbon Fuel Cell-Cleaner and Efficient Future Power Generation Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Uzair Ibrahim ◽  
Ahsan Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
Direct Carbon Fuel Cell ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Pure Carbon Dioxide

Increasing greenhouse effect due to the burning of fossil fuels has stirred the attention of researchers towards cleaner and efficient technologies. Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is one such emerging technology that could generate electricity from solid carbon like coal and biogas in a more efficient and environmental-friendly way. The mechanism involves electrochemical oxidation of carbon to produce energy and highly pure carbon dioxide. Due to higher purity, the produced carbon dioxide can be captured easily to avoid its release in the environment. The carbon dioxide is produced in a gaseous state while the fuel used is in a solid state. Due to different phases, all of the fuel can be recovered from the cell and can be reused, ensuring complete (100%) fuel utilization with no fuel losses. Moreover, DCFC operates at a temperature lower than conventional fuel cells. The electric efficiency of a DCFC is around 80% which is nearly double the efficiency of coal thermal plant. In addition, DCFC produces pure carbon dioxide as compared to the thermal power plant which reduces the cost of CO2 separation and dumping. In different types of DCFCs, molten carbon fuel cell is considered to be superior due to its low operating temperature and high efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the direct carbon fuel cell technology and recent advances in this field. The paper is focused on the fundamentals of fuel cell, history, operating principle, its types, applications, future challenges, and development.

Graphite Electrodes for Hydrogen Production by Acid Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Oliveira Marilei de Fátima ◽  
Mazur Viviane Teleginski ◽  
Virtuozo Fernanda ◽  
Junior Valter Anzolin de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, humanity has become aware of the consequences that the use of fossil fuels entails, and the latest developments in the energy sector are leading to a diversification of energy resources. In this context, researching on alternative forms of producing electric energy is being conducted. At the transportation level, a possible solution for this matter may lie in hydrogen fuel cells. The electrolysis of water is one of the possible processes for hydrogen production, but the reaction to break the water molecule requires a great amount of energy and this is precisely the biggest issue involving this process. In this work, low cost electrodes of 254 stainless steel and electrolytic graphite were used for hydrogen production, allowing high efficiency and reduced oxidation during the process. The selection of these materials allows to obtain a high corrosion resistance electrolytic pair, by replacing the high cost platinum electrode usually employed in the alkaline electrolysis process. The formic acid of biomass origin was used as an electrolyte. It was observed that the developed reactor have no energy losses through heat and it was possible to obtain approximately 82% conversion efficiency in the gas production process.

The competitiveness of nuclear energy in an era of liberalized markets and restrictions on greenhouse-gas emissions

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Luigi De Paoli ◽  
Francesco Gulli
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
The Cost

- The debate on the benefits of nuclear energy revolves around the very competitiveness of this energy source. This article tries to show why it is not easy to answer unambiguously the question whether or not it is convenient to resort to nuclear power in a given country. After listing the factors on which the cost of electricity generation rests and discussing the range of probability of their value, the levelized cost of electricity generation from nuclear, coal and gas-fired plants is calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The results show that nuclear power is likely to be competitive, especially if policies to combat CO2 emissions will continue in the coming decades. There are, however, some margins of uncertainty, mainly related, to the one hand, to the cost of nuclear plants, that depends on the socio-institutional context, and on the other, to the fossil fuels cost, that are inherently difficult to anticipate even on average. Finally it is noted that the context of liberalized electricity markets may make it more difficult for investors to accept the risk of investing in nuclear power plants and for the community to socialize some of the costs associated with this technology.Key words: Nuclear energy, generation costs, Montecarlo method, environmental impacts.JEL classifications: G11, H23, L72, L94, Q31, Q40

Recent advances in low-temperature electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farihahusnah Hussin ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Electrochemical Approach

AbstractSince the onset of the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have been the primary source of energy generation, and the continued exploitation of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A lot of research currently focuses much on decreasing dependence on fossil fuels by replacing them with green energy. However, this technique poses a number of challenges, such as the need for improved infrastructure and technology and the high market penetration of renewable energy technologies. Capturing and converting carbon dioxide using electrochemical approaches can help to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas levels and create a positive future for the transformation of carbon dioxide into a number of value-added products. The conversion of carbon dioxide via electrochemical approach is a major challenge, and consideration must be given to the development and production of low-cost, stable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts. Hence, this review presents an overview of the current developments in the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide. In addition, this study discusses the current progress of electrocatalysts, in particular, the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, which has a high level of activity and selectivity of low overpotential preferred products. The overview of the mechanisms and kinetics of the carbon dioxide reduction using the computational method are also addressed.

Model Calculation of Energy Carriers Expenses on the Basis of Biogas in System Reformer - Fuel Cell for Autonomous Power Supply Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1602-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Zhazhkov ◽  
Marina Yu. Zubkova ◽  
Vladimir I. Maslikov ◽  
Dmitry V. Molodtsov ◽  
Alexander N. Chusov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Supply Systems

This paper presents the results of experiments and calculations of the energy expenses in tandem system reformer - fuel cell on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas. Possibility of electricity generation based on complex use of organic and hydrogenous fuel at creation of objects of distributive systems of power supply will approach energy sources to the consumer, having increased energy-economic indicators and efficiency of fuel use. A promising direction in the creation of autonomous power supply systems in low-rise residential development is the use of fuel cells running on hydrogenous fuel derived from biogas Expenses of hydrogen fuel to operate the power installation with a predetermined capacity comparable with the required amount of hydrogen obtained by electrolysis. The calculated value of the efficiency of the system reformer - fuel cell, based on data on the required quantity of biogas and methane, as well as numerical characteristics of workflows fuel system, equal to 38.4%, confirms the relatively high efficiency of the use of hydrogenous fuel for the tasks of autonomous power supply. Usage of relatively low-cost hydrogen-containing fuel obtained from biogas from local secondary renewable resources will contribute to the creation of autonomous economic systems of power supply.

scholarly journals A Coal-Fired Power Plant With Zero Atmospheric Emissions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis of a coal-based zero-atmospheric emissions electric power plant. The approach involves an oxygen-blown coal gasification unit. The resulting synthetic gas (syngas) is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed almost entirely of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery, or for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 42.6%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of the coal, and includes the energy necessary for coal gasification, air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration. The paper also presents an analysis of the cost of electricity (COE) and the cost of conditioning carbon dioxide for sequestration for the 400 MW power plant. Electricity cost is compared for three different gasification processes (Texaco, Shell, and Koppers-Totzek) and two types of coals (Illinois #6 and Wyodak). Cost of electricity ranges from 5.16 ¢/kWhr to 5.42 ¢/kWhr, indicating very little sensitivity to the gasification processes considered and the coal types used.

scholarly journals CO2 Mitigation in the Power Sector of Thailand: Analyses of Cleaner Supply-side Options Beyond the Paris Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyheang Chhay ◽  
Bundit Limmeechokchai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Power Development

Background: The drastically increasing share of fossil fuel supply to meet the rapidly growing electricity demand resulting in increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, is the major concern in Thailand. In 2015, fossil fuels used in electricity generation in Thailand accounted for around 85.3% of the total electricity generation. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze carbon dioxide mitigation options under the cleaner supply-side option beyond the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Thailand. Methods: In this study, the Long-range Energy Planning (LEAP) model is used to analyze the share of electricity generation and CO2 mitigation from four main different scenarios, namely Business-as-Usual (BAU), Renewable Energy (RE), Carbon Capture Storage (CCS), and Carbon Tax (CT) scenarios during 2015 to 2050. The BAU scenario is constructed following the power development targets of the Power Development Plan in 2015. Results: The results illustrate that in the BAU scenario, electricity generation and carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector will increase by 57.7% and 37.3%, respectively in 2050 as compared to 2015. The imposition of carbon tax of $20/tCO2 from 2020 and an increase to $500/t CO2 by 2050 will have a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector as compared with other scenarios. Conclusion: Results show that except for the RE scenarios considering the lower share of solar and biomass, all scenarios would help Thailand in achieving the target of INDC by 2030. Results provide that the share of imported electricity is higher with the imposition of carbon tax as compared to the scenarios with the promotion of renewable energy, CCS and EV technology.

The emerging applications of metal phosphides in carbon dioxide reduction reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihao Wang ◽  
Gaofu Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Zhuoyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Metal Phosphides

The development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts is very important to promote carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Metal phosphides (MPs) are promising catalysts for CO2 reduction because of their excellent electrical conductivity, good stability, high activity and selectivity. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of MPs in CO2RR from chemocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, and discuss in detail their advantages and catalytic mechanism. In the end, we provide some potential challenges and inspiring outlooks to serve as guidance for future research and practical applications of MPs in catalytic CO2 reduction.

Research on a Transonic Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Centrifugal Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehai Yang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Diangui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Recently, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton (SCO2) cycle gained a lot of attention for its application to next-generation nuclear reactors. Turbine is the key component of the energy conversion in the thermodynamic cycle. Transonic centrifugal turbine has advantages of compatibility of aerodynamic and geometric, low cost, high power density, and high efficiency; therefore, it has opportunity to become the main energy conversion equipment in the future. In this paper, a transonic nozzle and its corresponding rotor cascade of the single-stage centrifugal turbine were designed. In addition, the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and performance analysis were conducted. The numerical simulation results show that the predicted flow field is as expected and the aerodynamic parameters are in good agreement with one-dimensional (1D) design. Meanwhile, the off-design performance analysis shows that the transonic centrifugal turbine stage has wide stable operation range and strong load adaptability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed turbine blade has good performance characteristics.

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