Recent advances in low-temperature electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farihahusnah Hussin ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Electrochemical Approach

AbstractSince the onset of the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have been the primary source of energy generation, and the continued exploitation of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A lot of research currently focuses much on decreasing dependence on fossil fuels by replacing them with green energy. However, this technique poses a number of challenges, such as the need for improved infrastructure and technology and the high market penetration of renewable energy technologies. Capturing and converting carbon dioxide using electrochemical approaches can help to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas levels and create a positive future for the transformation of carbon dioxide into a number of value-added products. The conversion of carbon dioxide via electrochemical approach is a major challenge, and consideration must be given to the development and production of low-cost, stable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts. Hence, this review presents an overview of the current developments in the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide. In addition, this study discusses the current progress of electrocatalysts, in particular, the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, which has a high level of activity and selectivity of low overpotential preferred products. The overview of the mechanisms and kinetics of the carbon dioxide reduction using the computational method are also addressed.

Atomic-level engineering of two-dimensional electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Shao ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Excessive Consumption

Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exhibited a huge threat to the planet’s ecosystem. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals have been regarded as a...

Intellectual Property Rights on Traditional Knowledge and their Significance in Sustainable Societal Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 157-185
Author(s):  
P. Pushpangadan ◽  
T. P. Ijinu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Developed Countries

Rich biodiversity and equally rich cultural heritages are the two invaluable assets of most of the Third World Counties (TWC). Biogenetic resources are the primary source of valuable genes, chemicals, drugs, pharmaceuticals, natural dyes, gums, resins, enzymes or proteins of great health, nutritional and economic importance. Biodiversity regulates and maintains overall health of the life support systems on earth and is the source from which human race derives food, fodder, fuel, fibre, shelter, medicine and raw material for meeting his other multifarious needs and industrial goods required for the ever changing and ever increasing needs and aspirations. TWC members are still at the receiving end as far as the development of special value added products and herbal technologies are concerned. The developed countries, on the other hand, are emerging as super powers with their biotechnological strength. IPRs emerged strongly during the industrial revolution and it has been an important driving force behind rapid industrial growth and prosperity of the Western countries during the last 3 centuries. Nowadays Access and Benefit Sharing issues have become a central theme for subsequent detailed discussions and decision making under CBD, TRIPS and the WIPO. It is therefore increasingly urgent for the CBD to make ABS work as was intended. The entry into force of the Nagoya Protocol represents a step in this direction. In India, we can be proud of having the distinction of the first country in experimenting a benefit-sharing model that implemented in Letter and Spirit Article 8(j) of CBD.

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Several Potential Chemical Commodities Following Different Pathways - A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 764 ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibram Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Methanol Production

This article reviews the literature related to the direct uses of CO2and its conversion into various value added chemicals including high energy density liquid fuels such as methanol. The increase in the direct uses of CO2and its conversion into potential chemical commodities is very important as it directly contributes to the mitigation of CO2related global warming problem. The method being followed at present in several countries to reduce the CO2associated global warming is capturing of CO2at its major outlets using monoethanolamine based solution absorption technique followed by storing it in safe places such as, oceans, depleted coal seams, etc., (i.e., carbon dioxide capturing and storing in safe places, CCS process). This is called as CO2sequestration. Although, the CCS process is the most understood and immediate option to mitigate the global warming problem, it is considerably expensive and has become a burden for those countries, which are practicing this process. The other alternative and most beneficial way of mitigating this global warming problem is to convert the captured CO2into certain value added bulk chemicals instead of disposing it. Conversion of CO2into methanol has been identified as one of such cost effective ways of mitigating global warming problem. Further, if H2is produced from exclusively water using only solar energy instead of any fossil fuel based energy, and is used to convert CO2into methanol there are three major benefits: i) it contributes greatly to the global warming mitigation problem, ii) it greatly saves fossil fuels as methanol production from CO2could be an excellent sustainable and renewable energy resource, and iii) as on today, there is no better process than this to store energy in a more convenient and highly usable form of high energy density liquid fuel. Not only methanol, several other potential chemicals and value added chemical intermediates can be produced from CO2. In this article, i) synthesis of several commodity chemicals including poly and cyclic-carbonates, sodium carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, carbamates, urea, vicinal diamines, 2-arylsuccinic acids, dimethyl ether, methanol, various hydrocarbons, acetic acid, formaldehyde, formic acid, lower alkanes, etc., from CO2, ii) the several direct uses of CO2, and iii) the importance of producing methanol from CO2using exclusively solar energy are presented, discussed and summarized by citing all the relevant and important references.

Electrochemical deposition of carbon nanotubes from CO2in CaCl2–NaCl-based melts

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 6219-6225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Hu ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Jianbang Ge ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Zhenchao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Technological Significance ◽  
Molten Salt Electrolytes

As part of the efforts to address global climate change, the identification of methods for the capture of carbon dioxide and its selective electrochemical conversion into value-added carbonaceous materials in molten salt electrolytes is a research topic of scientific and technological significance.

scholarly journals High Efficiency and Low Cost of Electricity Generation from Fossil Fuels While Eliminating Atmospheric Emissions, Including Carbon Dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1135-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Allam ◽  
Miles R. Palmer ◽  
G. William Brown ◽  
Jeremy Fetvedt ◽  
David Freed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Cost Of Electricity

scholarly journals Metal Phosphate Catalysts to Upgrade Lignocellulose Biomass into Value-Added Chemicals and Biofuels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atal Shivhare ◽  
Abhinav Kumar ◽  
Rajendra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Metal Phosphate ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

Alternative and green energy resources are needed to replace the fast depleting and non-renewable fossil fuels. The abundant and renewable lignocellulose biomass can be transformed into value-added chemicals and biofuels...

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Development of Advanced Functionalized Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: An Overview

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4420
Author(s):  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Palraj Kalimuthu ◽  
Ganesan Anushya ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Vinitha Mariyappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Electrochemical Conversion ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Catalytic Performances

Presently, the global energy demand for increasing clean and green energy consumption lies in the development of low-cost, sustainable, economically viable and eco-friendly natured electrochemical conversion process, which is a significant advancement in different morphological types of advanced electrocatalysts to promote their electrocatalytic properties. Herein, we overviewed the recent advancements in oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), including easy electrode fabrication and significant action in water-splitting devices. To date, various synthetic approaches and modern characterization techniques have effectively been anticipated for upgraded OER activity. Moreover, the discussed electrode catalysts have emerged as the most hopeful constituents and received massive appreciation in OER with low overpotential and long-term cyclic stability. This review article broadly confers the recent progress research in OER, the general mechanistic approaches, challenges to enhance the catalytic performances and future directions for the scientific community.

Atmospheric Emissions Effects and Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Negative Consequences

Humanity's relationship with the environment is a delicate balance. Since the industrial revolution, the world's population has grown at an exponential rate, and this has a major environmental effect. Deforestation, pollution, and global climate change are just a few of the negative consequences of population and technological growth. Particulates, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the primary pollutants that harm our health. These contaminants may be directly emitted into the atmosphere (primary pollutants) or formed in the atmosphere from primary pollutants reacting (secondary pollutants. Tropospheric ozone is created When water reacts with volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight, nitrogen dioxide is produced. is formed when NO is oxidized, as Sulphur dioxide or nitrogen oxides react with water, acid rain results. These contaminants have negative consequences for human health (low concentrations cause eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation) and the environment, as they contribute to acidification and eutrophication, as well as the formation of particulates and tropospheric ozone (photochemical smog). Electricity production and the combustion of fossil fuels in high-temperature manufacturing processes is the primary source of SO2 and NOx. Particulates are as a direct product of any type of industrial combustion or heating. Particulates and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are two types of contaminants. also linked to traffic and transportation. All these molecules of greenhouse gases that penetrate the atmosphere It's called atmospheric emissions. In order to meet the Paris Agreement's goal of maintaining a 1.5°C average global temperature increase, net CO2 emissions must reach zero by 2050, implying that the amount entering the atmosphere must exceed the amount absorbed by natural and technological sinks.

A Method to Determinate the Energy Potential Generation From Biomass Gasification

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernando Arango Meneses ◽  
Mario Andrés Palacio Vega ◽  
Jorge Mario Mendoza Fandiño ◽  
Rafael David Gómez Vásquez ◽  
Álvaro Ángel Arrieta Almario
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of State ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Gasification Process

This paper is about the development of a computational method to determinate the energy generation potential from residual biomass gasification, in function of the variables and working conditions as the equivalence ratio (ER), and the elemental composition of the biomass, using air as gasifying agent; and by this way promote the generation of low cost energy, whether it be electrical or mechanical energy in order to take advantage of products which normally have no value added. This method was developed using the simulation software of chemical and thermodynamic processes Aspen HYSYS®, this software has a large number of components and the possibility of evaluating their physicochemical properties, along with the equations of state of Peng-Robinson which allow you to define the properties of different fluids with a low error range. The energy generation potential was evaluated with 5 different biomasses commonly generated by agroindustry in Córdoba-Colombia (Rice husk, sesame stalks, cotton waste, corncobs and coconut fiber) by a modeling of the kinetics of the reactions, where a combination between the reaction mechanisms in function of the Gibbs free energy and reactors, whose yields have been programmed from statistical regressions obtained from other reference, was carried out, and thus simulate the gasification process at 1000 ° C and an ER between 0.21–0.3, getting in this way a synthesis gas with heating values of around 6 (MJ /Nm3) and efficiencies of around 60%.

scholarly journals Synthetic Biology on Acetogenic Bacteria for Highly Efficient Conversion of C1 Gases to Biochemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7639
Author(s):  
Sangrak Jin ◽  
Jiyun Bae ◽  
Yoseb Song ◽  
Nicole Pearcy ◽  
Jongoh Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria

Synthesis gas, which is mainly produced from fossil fuels or biomass gasification, consists of C1 gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane as well as hydrogen. Acetogenic bacteria (acetogens) have emerged as an alternative solution to recycle C1 gases by converting them into value-added biochemicals using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Despite the advantage of utilizing acetogens as biocatalysts, it is difficult to develop industrial-scale bioprocesses because of their slow growth rates and low productivities. To solve these problems, conventional approaches to metabolic engineering have been applied; however, there are several limitations owing to the lack of required genetic bioparts for regulating their metabolic pathways. Recently, synthetic biology based on genetic parts, modules, and circuit design has been actively exploited to overcome the limitations in acetogen engineering. This review covers synthetic biology applications to design and build industrial platform acetogens.

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