Relationship between the chemical composition, nutritive value and the maturity stage of six temperate perennial grasses during their first growth cycle along an altitude gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 126364
Author(s):  
Donato Andueza ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Priscilla Note ◽  
Pascal Carrère
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Altitude Gradient

Effect of variety and maturity stage on chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy values of timothy and alfalfa

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yu ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
J. D. Markert
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Timothy 2 ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of forage variety and stage of maturity on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate subfractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy content under the climatic conditions of western Canada. Two varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cvs. Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Phleum pratense L. cvs. Climax and Joliette), grown at three locations in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages [1 = 1 wk before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2 = at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); and 3 = one week after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy)]. The results showed that: (1) the varieties had minimal effects on nutritional value; however, (2) stage of cutting had a large impact on chemical composition, protein and carbohydrate fractions, in vitro rumen degradability and energy value. As plant maturity advanced from stage 1 to 3, the following changes were noticed: (a) CP was decreased [alfalfa: 20.2 to 17.6; timothy: 11.1 to 7.9% dry matter (DM)]; fibre was affected very little in alfalfa but increased in timothy [acid detergent fibre (ADF): 38.0 to 40.7; neutral detergent fibre (NDF): 68.7 to 72.8% DM]; lignin and neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) were not affected in either forage; acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) was increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but no effect was seen in timothy; (b) the rapidly degradable protein fraction (PA) was reduced in alfalfa (51.2 to 34.8% CP) but increased in timothy (9.2 to 27.5% CP); the rapidly degradable fraction (PB1) increased in alfalfa (0.0 to 25.2% CP), but decreased in timothy (31.6 to 16.7%); the intermediate degradable fraction (PB2) decreased in both forages (alfalfa: 14.1 to 5.2; timothy: 37.8 to 29.4% CP); the slowly degradable fraction (PB3) declined in alfalfa (33.1 to 17.7% CP), but was not affected in timothy (averaging 21.3% CP); the unavailable fraction (PC) associated with the cell wall increased in alfalfa (3.5 to 17.1% CP), but did not change in timothy (averaging 5.2% CP); (c) in vitro rumen degradabilities of DM (IVDMD) and NDF (IVNDFD) increased at stage 2 and then declined at stage 3. The highest IVDMD and IVNDFD after a 48-h incubation were at cutting stage 2 (50.5 and 37.3%; 42.8 and 37.3% for alfalfa and timothy, respectively); (d) the energy content behaved in a quadratic fashion; it increased initially and then decreased with the highest energy contents at stage 2 for both forages (TDN1x, DE1x, DEp, MEp, NELp: 63.8% DM, 2.92, 2.68, 2.26, 1.40 Mcal kg-1 DM for alfalfa; 45.3% DM, 2.03, 1.86, 1.43, 0.82 Mcal kg-1 DM for timothy, respectively). In general, the best cutting was found at stage 2, which was late-bud for alfalfa varieties and pre-bloom head for timothy. Key words: Alfalfa, timothy, variety, maturity, nutritive value

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting frequency and maturity stage of Jerusalem artichoke forage on yield, chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of the tubers and forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e0602
Author(s):  
Somayeh Farzinmehr ◽  
Javad Rezaei ◽  
Hassan Fazaeli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stage

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of maturity stage and harvesting frequency of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) forage on the nutritional quality of the tubers and forages.Area of study: The plant cultivation and laboratory experiments were carried out in Karaj (Alborz, Iran) and Tehran (Tehran, Iran), respectively.Material and methods: Forages were harvested every 60, 90 and 120 days during the growing season (four, three and two harvests per year, respectively). Tubers were harvested just once, at the end of the growing season, from plots with four, three and two forage cuts per year. Biomass production, chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of the forages and tubers were assessed.Main results: Compared to 90 and 120 days, the forages harvested every 60 days contained the highest (p<0.05) yearly dry matter (DM) biomass (27.16 t/ha), crude protein (98.6 to 145 g/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (0.607 to 0.691) and microbial biomass production (350 to 369 g/kg DM). Compared to 60 and 90 days, harvesting JA forage every 120 days caused the tubers with the higher (p<0.05) water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), in vitro digestibility and DM yield (7.63 t/ha). Jerusalem artichoke forages and tubers contained the low phenolics (4.93 to 13.2 g/kg DM) and nitrate (1.12 to 3.19 g/kg DM). Overall, the best harvesting interval of JA forage to achieve tubers with the highest yearly yield, WSC and digestibility was every 120 days, while the highest nutritive value and yield of the forages were observed with harvesting JA every 60 days.Research highlights: The best harvesting interval of JA forage to obtain the highest yearly DM, protein and energy biomass from both tubers and forage was every 60 days.

Temperate grass response to extent and timing of grazing

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Alber ◽  
G. E. Brink ◽  
R. D. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Alber, N. B., Brink, G. E. and Jackson, R. D. 2014. Temperate grass response to extent and timing of grazing. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 827–833. Considerable differences exist among cool-season grass species in their production potential and response to management variables. We examined the effects of grazing management on forage and root production of two temperate perennial grasses, meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv.] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Grazing factors studied were extent of defoliation (50 or 100% biomass removal) and stage of maturity (vegetative or mature) at grazing. In 2009 and 2010, orchardgrass produced more above-ground biomass than meadow fescue despite yearly precipitation differences. In the drier year (2009), both grasses produced greater above-ground biomass under 100% extent of defoliation at either maturity stage. In 2010, orchardgrass produced greater above-ground biomass when grazed at a mature stage for either extent of defoliation, while few differences existed among grazing treatments imposed on meadow fescue. Grazing treatments had no effect on below-ground growth of orchardgrass either year. Meadow fescue root production was effected in 2010 only; grazing at a mature stage increased below-ground growth for either extent of defoliation. Results suggest that grazing at maturity to remove 100% of biomass maximizes above-ground production of both meadow fescue and orchardgrass, but lengthens the grazing interval and may have a deleterious effect on grass persistence and nutritive value.

scholarly journals Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Youssef Chebli ◽  
Samira El Otmani ◽  
Mouad Chentouf ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Jean-François Cabaraux
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

Chemical composition and nutritive value of mature annual legumes for sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
R.C. Kellaway ◽  
R.L. Ison ◽  
G. Annison
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Annual Legumes

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Estimation of Feeding Value of Forage Perennial Grasses in Breeding Programmes by Global and Specific Calibrations. Estimation of Chemical Composition and Digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Naydenova ◽  
P. Tomov ◽  
P. Dardenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis with a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator was applied to evaluate accuracy of predictive models for forage quality in clone breeding processes of the original Bulgarian varieties over different cuts and years. The varieties were the perennial grasses: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Bromus inermis Leyss. Global calibrations for the 418 perennial grass samples and specific calibrations for each single grass species and internal cross-validations were performed by the PLS regression method. The effect of different spectral data pre-treatments was investigated on the residual standard errors of the NIR predictive models. Among 60 calibration equations, the model with the lowest SECV value was retained for each parameter in each database. No particular data pre-treatment was really better than the other ones. Generally, the best results of the global calibrations were obtained with SNVD and MSC. For the specific calibrations, SNVD and WMSC were the best treatments. In both cases, the first or second derivatives were needed after the first pre-treatment. Chemical composition and in vitro enzymatic digestibility of clones were predicted with accuracy similar to that of classical laboratory methods. For the cell wall component contents, the standard errors of cross-validation SECV(%DM) ranged from 0.49 for ADL ( Festuca) to 2.02 for NDF ( Dactylis). The digestibilities of dry and organic matter, IVDMD and IVOMD, were estimated with SECVs from 2.6 to 3.0%, the relative intake, from 0.06 to 0.09 rel% body weight and the relative feeding value, from 4.39 to 5.64 rel%. The global calibration models offer an acceptable accuracy for the estimation of the cell wall nutrient contents, the digestibility and the nutritive value. The standard errors of prediction of specific single species calibrations with smaller numbers of terms were lower in 60% of the cases than those obtained from the best global calibrations with higher numbers of terms. On average, SECVs from specific calibrations are better than those from global calibrations, but the differences are quite small, and for the prediction of totally new samples (new crops, another year), the global calibrations will detect less outlier samples. Even with very high variability between cuts and years, NIR spectroscopy is able via ANOVA GL Models to sort clones on their feeding value and to provide relevant information for the breeding programmes.

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