scholarly journals Application of novel imaging techniques for early clinical trials

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
B. Vojnovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Imaging Techniques

Abstract P391: Marine N-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sekikawa ◽  
Nobutake Hirooka ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
Vashudha Ahuja ◽  
Emmanuel Sampene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cardiac Imaging Techniques

Introduction: Although marine n-3 fatty acids are believed to be cardioprotective through their anti-arrhythmic, anti-thrombotic, anti-atherogenic and other effects, results from recent meta-analyses of marine n-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease (CVD) are controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of marine n-3 fatty acids on CVD outcomes in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to test the hypothesis that marine n-3 fatty acids are anti-atherogenic. We also tested the hypothesis that such benefit is dose-dependent. Methods: A systematic review of English language articles using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library through Aug 2012 was performed selecting RCTs evaluating the effect of marine n-3 fatty acids intake for 2 years or more on cardiovascular diseases, coronary disease, arteriosclerosis, cardiac imaging techniques, and carotid artery ultrasound. Descriptive and quantitative information was extracted. Odds ratios were calculated for cardiac event outcome. Correlation coefficients were obtained from studies of which outcome is intima-media thickness (IMT) and coronary lumen diameter (CD). We converted the estimates into a single effect size; the log odds ratio and its corresponding standard error. Results: Of 14,236 citations retrieved, 13 studies were selected, including studies reporting IMT (n=3) and CD (n=2) and major CVD events (n=8). Overall, marine n-3 fatty acids significantly reduced atherosclerotic CVD (RR 0.94: 95%CI 0.90 to 0.99, p<0.05). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (p=0.65) or publication bias (p=0.37, Begg’s test). A sub-analysis among 8 studies of major CVD events showed the similar results (RR 0.94: 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99, p<0.05). Another sub-analysis among 4 studies excluding sudden cardiac death as an outcome showed RR of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.02, p=0.097). A meta-regression analysis shows that dose of marine n-3 fatty acids was inversely associated with CVD outcome, although the association was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Conclusions: The result of our meta-analysis supports a modest anti-atherogenic effect of marine n-3 fatty acids. This benefit may be proportional to the amount of marine n-3 fatty acids consumed.

scholarly journals Organoids: life in three dimensions- a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Akhila CNV ◽  
Ravi Prakash A ◽  
Rajini Kanth M ◽  
Sreenath G ◽  
Sowmya K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Open The Doors ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Most of the diseases in humans are as a result of complex interactions occurring at cellular and molecular level. Research today has been focused in an attempt to reveal precisely the cellular evolution into pathogenesis. There are vast array of research fields, which include molecular biology, imaging techniques, etc. One of such field recently advancing worldwide is “Organotyping”. It is the successor of two dimensional cell cultures. Miniature organs and disease models can be produced from cells having the ability to proliferate and differentiate, by adopting definite protocols. Organoids are the potential tools to probe human biology and diseases; thereby they may change the approach to study diseases and provide treatment, in a more beneficiary way to the patient. Also organoids are used in vaccine production, cancer research, microbiology, tissue regeneration, drug testing, etc. Clinical trials are more devastating and may cost life of patients included in study. As such, organoids can be included in the protocols of clinical trials, through which the outcome of the study can be estimated. They open the doors for newer research methods and innovations, which are in peak requirement of present day scenario where new diseases are emerging and the diseases already existing are not yet cured.   

Imaging Criteria in Neuro-oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Nowosielski ◽  
Patrick Wen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Macdonald Criteria ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Oncology Clinical Trials ◽  
Group A

The identification of more effective therapies for brain tumors has been limited in part by the lack of reliable criteria for determining response and progression. Since its introduction in 1990, the MacDonald criteria have been used in neuro-oncology clinical trials to determine response, but they fail to address issues such as pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, and nonenhancing tumor progression that have arisen with more recent therapies. The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group, a multidisciplinary international group consisting of neuro-oncologists, medical oncologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and neuropsychologists, was formed to improve response assessment and clinical trial endpoints in neuro-oncology. Although it was initially focused on response assessment for gliomas, the scope of the RANO group has been broadened to include brain metastases, leptomeningeal metastases, spine tumors, pediatric brain tumors, and meningiomas. In addition, subgroups have focused on response assessment during immunotherapy and use of positron emission tomography, as well as determination of neurologic function, clinical outcomes assessment, and seizures. The RANO criteria are currently a collective work in progress, and refinements will be needed in the future based on data from clinical trials and improved imaging techniques.

MS clinical trial design for the future

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Donald E Goodkin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Magnetic Imaging ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Important Position

The Clinical Outcomes Task Force has been challenged to develop new easily administered composite outcomes that are more sensitive, highly reliable, properly validated, and measure more effectively the broad spectrum of independent dimensions of MS. The Task Force on Use of MRI in MS Clinical Trials has already provided important position statements and recommendations for the use of magnetic imaging technologies in MS clinical trials. It appears mat T1WGd+activity and change in T2W lesion burden will be most useful as outcomes in patients who recently have experienced frequent relapses. It is anticipated that improved composite outcomes and more powerful statistical methods will facilitate improved predictive validity for MR imaging techniques. If we are successful in meeting these challenges, we should be able to conduct future definitive clinical trials more expeditiously and with fewer patients.

scholarly journals Essential tremor

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mihăilescu ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Advanced Stages

Essential tremor is a frequent disease, but rather often under-diagnosed, due to the fact that the patients with mild essential tremor don’t visit the neurologist, or due to some confusion in establishing the diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease. The clinical diagnosis is the most important, and is sustained today by imaging techniques such as Datscan using 123I-Ioflupane, used in the differential diagnosis between essential tremor and Parkinsonian syndromes. The precise and early diagnosis permit the specific, customized symptomatic treatment, taking care of al the particularities of every patient, and in case of no-response to medical treatment, neurosurgical methods are available, some of them very recent, some still in clinical trials, as well as the genetic studies in order to establish the etiology of the most frequent disease in the field of movement disorders.

scholarly journals Bone scan use in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Survey of practice patterns among Canadian radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and urologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Meem ◽  
Katherine Zukotynski ◽  
Srinivas Raman ◽  
Urban Emmenegger
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Psma Pet ◽  
Bone Scans

The use of skeletal scintigraphy with technetium-99 methylene diphosphonate (hereafter referred to as a bone scan) for evaluating response to systemic treatment in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an evolving paradigm in this era of advancing therapies and imaging techniques. Indeed, the interpretation of bone scans can be challenging, and there is a growing expectation that advanced imaging techniques such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PSMA PET/CT) may play a complementary role.1 The Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG) has outlined specific criteria to define disease progression with respect to bone scans performed as part of clinical trials.2 However, there is no high-level evidence for the scheduling and interpretation of bone scans during routine therapeutic interventions for mCRPC. Thus, patterns of bone scan use are variable and practice-dependent outside of clinical trials.

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