Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanoparticle stability in biological media and uptake in respiratory epithelial cell layers in vitro

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are responsible for the majority of virus infections of the upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, HRV infection is associated with acute exacerbation of asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases of the lower respiratory tract. A small animal model of HRV-induced disease is required for the development of new therapies. However, existing mouse models of HRV infection are difficult to work with and until recently mouse cell lines were thought to be generally non-permissive for HRV replication in vitro. In this report we demonstrate that a virus of the minor receptor group, HRV1B, can infect and replicate in a mouse respiratory epithelial cell line (LA-4) more efficiently than in a mouse fibroblast cell line (L). The major receptor group virus HRV16 requires human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) for cell entry and therefore cannot infect LA-4 cells. However, transfection of in vitro-transcribed HRV16 RNA resulted in the replication of viral RNA and production of infectious virus. Expression of a chimeric ICAM-1 molecule, comprising mouse ICAM-1 with extracellular domains 1 and 2 replaced by the equivalent human domains, rendered the otherwise non-permissive mouse respiratory epithelial cell line susceptible to entry and efficient replication of HRV16. These observations suggest that the development of mouse models of respiratory tract infection by major as well as minor group HRV should be pursued.

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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Gelatin Scaffolds Allow Regeneration of Nasal Tissues

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3651

Author(s):

Delfo D’Alessandro ◽

Stefania Moscato ◽

Alessandra Fusco ◽

Jose Gustavo De la Ossa ◽

Mario D’Acunto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cell ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Cell Immune Response ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Nasal Tissue ◽

Stem Cell Source ◽

Set Up

Need for regeneration and repair of nasal tissues occurs as a consequence of several pathologies affecting the nose, including, but not limited to infective diseases, traumas and tumor resections. A platform for nasal tissue regeneration was set up using poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin sponges with 20%–30% (w/w) gelatin content to be used as scaffolds, for their intrinsic hydrophilic, cell adhesive and shape recovery properties. We propose mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs) isolated from the bone marrow as a unique stem cell source for obtaining different connective tissues of the nose, including vascular tissue. Finally, epithelial cell immune response to these scaffolds was assessed in vitro in an environment containing inflammatory molecules. The results showed that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) deriving from MPCs could be used to differentiate into cartilage and fibrous tissue; whereas, in combination with endothelial cells still deriving from MPCs, into pre-vascularized bone. Finally, the scaffold did not significantly alter the epithelial cell response to inflammatory insults derived from interaction with bacterial molecules.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ectopic respiratory epithelial cell differentiation in bronchiolised distal airspaces in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.11278956.12274054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Venerino Poletti ◽

Claudia Ravaglia

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Respiratory Epithelial Cell ◽

Epithelial Cell Differentiation ◽

Respiratory Epithelial

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Dual Network Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Calcium Metaphosphate/Alginate with Osteogenic Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering8080107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 107

Author(s):

Lilis Iskandar ◽

Lucy DiSilvio ◽

Jonathan Acheson ◽

Sanjukta Deb

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery

Despite considerable advances in biomaterials-based bone tissue engineering technologies, autografts remain the gold standard for rehabilitating critical-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. A majority of advanced synthetic bone substitutes (SBS’s) have not transcended the pre-clinical stage due to inferior clinical performance and translational barriers, which include low scalability, high cost, regulatory restrictions, limited advanced facilities and human resources. The aim of this study is to develop clinically viable alternatives to address the challenges of bone tissue regeneration in the OMF region by developing ‘dual network composites’ (DNC’s) of calcium metaphosphate (CMP)—poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate with osteogenic ions: calcium, zinc and strontium. To fabricate DNC’s, single network composites of PVA/CMP with 10% (w/v) gelatine particles as porogen were developed using two freeze–thawing cycles and subsequently interpenetrated by guluronate-dominant sodium alginate and chelated with calcium, zinc or strontium ions. Physicochemical, compressive, water uptake, thermal, morphological and in vitro biological properties of DNC’s were characterised. The results demonstrated elastic 3D porous scaffolds resembling a ‘spongy bone’ with fluid absorbing capacity, easily sculptable to fit anatomically complex bone defects, biocompatible and osteoconductive in vitro, thus yielding potentially clinically viable for SBS alternatives in OMF surgery.

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Multifunctional Coatings for Robotic Implanted Device

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20205126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (20) ◽

pp. 5126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caterina Cristallini ◽

Serena Danti ◽

Bahareh Azimi ◽

Veronika Tempesti ◽

Claudio Ricci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acrylic Acid ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Titanium Substrate ◽

Repair Process ◽

Chemical Imaging ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol

The objective of this study was the preparation and physico-chemical, mechanical, biological, and functional characterization of a multifunctional coating for an innovative, fully implantable device. The multifunctional coating was designed to have three fundamental properties: adhesion to device, close mechanical resemblance to human soft tissues, and control of the inflammatory response and tissue repair process. This aim was fulfilled by preparing a multilayered coating based on three components: a hydrophilic primer to allow device adhesion, a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel layer to provide good mechanical compliance with the human tissue, and a layer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) fibers. The use of biopolymer fibers offered the potential for a long-term interface able to modulate the release of an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone), thus contrasting acute and chronic inflammation response following device implantation. Two copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate-acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid), were synthetized and characterized using thermal analysis (DSC, TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR chemical imaging), in vitro cell viability, and an adhesion test. The resulting hydrogels were biocompatible, biostable, mechanically compatible with soft tissues, and able to incorporate and release the drug. Finally, the multifunctional coating showed a good adhesion to titanium substrate, no in vitro cytotoxicity, and a prolonged and controlled drug release.

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Tailoring the in vitro characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)-nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2015-0252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 771-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tejinder Kaur ◽

Arunachalam Thirugnanam ◽

Krishna Pramanik

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Contact Angle Measurement ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Alizarin Red ◽

Casting Technique

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite (PVA-nHA) composite scaffolds were developed by varying the nHA (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, w/v) composition in the PVA matrix by solvent casting technique. The developed composite scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement. The stability of the composite scaffolds in physiological environment was evaluated by swelling and degradation studies. Further, these composite scaffolds were tested for in vitro bioactivity, hemolysis, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. SEM micrographs showed a homogenous distribution of nHA (3%, w/v) in the PVA matrix. XRD and ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed no phase contamination and the existence of the chemical bond between PVA-nHA at approximately 2474 cm-1. PVA-nHA composite scaffolds with 3% (w/v) concentration of nHA showed nominal swelling and degradation behavior with good mechanical strength. The mechanical strength and degradation properties of the scaffold above 3% (w/v) of nHA was found to deteriorate, which is due to the agglomeration of nHA. The in vitro bioactivity and hemolysis studies showed improved apatite formation and hemocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. In vitro cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and Alizarin red S staining confirmed the biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds.

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