Analysis of the influence of the definition of the interior dwelling temperature on the characterization of the heat loss coefficient via on-board monitoring

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of an approach to characterize the as-built heat loss coefficient (HLC) of buildings based on a combination of on-board monitoring (OBM) and data-driven modeling. OBM is hereby defined as the monitoring of the energy consumption and interior climate of in-use buildings via non-intrusive sensors. The main challenge faced by researchers is the identification of the required input data and the appropriate data analysis techniques to assess the HLC of specific building types, with a certain degree of accuracy and/or within a budget constraint. A wide range of characterization techniques can be imagined, going from simplified steady-state models applied to smart energy meter data, to advanced dynamic analysis models identified on full OBM data sets that are further enriched with geometric info, survey results, or on-site inspections. This paper evaluates the extent to which these techniques result in different HLC estimates. To this end, it performs a sensitivity analysis of the characterization outcome for a case study dwelling. Thirty-five unique input data packages are defined using a tree structure. Subsequently, four different data analysis methods are applied on these sets: the steady-state average, Linear Regression and Energy Signature method, and the dynamic AutoRegressive with eXogenous input model (ARX). In addition to the sensitivity analysis, the paper compares the HLC values determined via OBM characterization to the theoretically calculated value, and explores the factors contributing to the observed discrepancies. The results demonstrate that deviations up to 26.9% can occur on the characterized as-built HLC, depending on the amount of monitoring data and prior information used to establish the interior temperature of the dwelling. The approach used to represent the internal and solar heat gains also proves to have a significant influence on the HLC estimate. The impact of the selected input data is higher than that of the applied data analysis method.

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Assessment of data analysis methods to identify the heat loss coefficient from on-board monitoring data

Energy and Buildings ◽

10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 109706 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marieline Senave ◽

Staf Roels ◽

Glenn Reynders ◽

Stijn Verbeke ◽

Dirk Saelens

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Heat Loss ◽

Loss Coefficient ◽

Monitoring Data ◽

Analysis Methods ◽

Board Monitoring ◽

Data Analysis Methods

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Mapping the pitfalls in the characterisation of the heat loss coefficient from on-board monitoring data using ARX models

Energy and Buildings ◽

10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.05.047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 214-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marieline Senave ◽

Glenn Reynders ◽

Behzad Sodagar ◽

Stijn Verbeke ◽

Dirk Saelens

Keyword(s):

Heat Loss ◽

Loss Coefficient ◽

Monitoring Data ◽

Board Monitoring

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Experimental Evaluation of Shear Behavior of Stone Masonry Wall

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2313

Author(s):

Maria Luisa Beconcini ◽

Pietro Croce ◽

Paolo Formichi ◽

Filippo Landi ◽

Benedetta Puccini

Keyword(s):

Shear Behavior ◽

Stone Masonry ◽

Masonry Walls ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

In Situ Tests ◽

Capacity Curves ◽

Historical Structures ◽

Definition Of

The evaluation of the shear behavior of masonry walls is a first fundamental step for the assessment of existing masonry structures in seismic zones. However, due to the complexity of modelling experimental behavior and the wide variety of masonry types characterizing historical structures, the definition of masonry’s mechanical behavior is still a critical issue. Since the possibility to perform in situ tests is very limited and often conflicting with the needs of preservation, the characterization of shear masonry behavior is generally based on reference values of mechanical properties provided in modern structural codes for recurrent masonry categories. In the paper, a combined test procedure for the experimental characterization of masonry mechanical parameters and the assessment of the shear behavior of masonry walls is presented together with the experimental results obtained on three stone masonry walls. The procedure consists of a combination of three different in situ tests to be performed on the investigated wall. First, a single flat jack test is executed to derive the normal compressive stress acting on the wall. Then a double flat jack test is carried out to estimate the elastic modulus. Finally, the proposed shear test is performed to derive the capacity curve and to estimate the shear modulus and the shear strength. The first results obtained in the experimental campaign carried out by the authors confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to assess the masonry mechanical parameters, reducing the uncertainty affecting the definition of capacity curves of walls and consequently the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of the investigated buildings.

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Fundamental relations and identities of fuzzy hyperalgebras

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-210994 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Narjes Firouzkouhi ◽

Abbas Amini ◽

Chun Cheng ◽

Mehdi Soleymani ◽

Bijan Davvaz

Keyword(s):

Universal Algebra ◽

Equivalence Relation ◽

Polynomial Function ◽

Equivalence Relations ◽

Fundamental Relation ◽

Term Function ◽

Biological Phenomena ◽

Definition Of

Inspired by fuzzy hyperalgebras and fuzzy polynomial function (term function), some homomorphism properties of fundamental relation on fuzzy hyperalgebras are conveyed. The obtained relations of fuzzy hyperalgebra are utilized for certain applications, i.e., biological phenomena and genetics along with some elucidatory examples presenting various aspects of fuzzy hyperalgebras. Then, by considering the definition of identities (weak and strong) as a class of fuzzy polynomial function, the smallest equivalence relation (fundamental relation) is obtained which is an important tool for fuzzy hyperalgebraic systems. Through the characterization of these equivalence relations of a fuzzy hyperalgebra, we assign the smallest equivalence relation α i 1 i 2 ∗ on a fuzzy hyperalgebra via identities where the factor hyperalgebra is a universal algebra. We extend and improve the identities on fuzzy hyperalgebras and characterize the smallest equivalence relation α J ∗ on the set of strong identities.

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Genomic Tackling of Human Satellite DNA: Breaking Barriers through Time

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4707

Author(s):

Mariana Lopes ◽

Sandra Louzada ◽

Margarida Gama-Carvalho ◽

Raquel Chaves

Keyword(s):

Human Genome ◽

Satellite Dna ◽

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Nucleotide Composition ◽

Genomic Component ◽

Genomic Studies ◽

Human Genomic ◽

Definition Of ◽

High Degree

(Peri)centromeric repetitive sequences and, more specifically, satellite DNA (satDNA) sequences, constitute a major human genomic component. SatDNA sequences can vary on a large number of features, including nucleotide composition, complexity, and abundance. Several satDNA families have been identified and characterized in the human genome through time, albeit at different speeds. Human satDNA families present a high degree of sub-variability, leading to the definition of various subfamilies with different organization and clustered localization. Evolution of satDNA analysis has enabled the progressive characterization of satDNA features. Despite recent advances in the sequencing of centromeric arrays, comprehensive genomic studies to assess their variability are still required to provide accurate and proportional representation of satDNA (peri)centromeric/acrocentric short arm sequences. Approaches combining multiple techniques have been successfully applied and seem to be the path to follow for generating integrated knowledge in the promising field of human satDNA biology.

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A lattice-theoretic characterization of pure subgroups of Abelian groups

Ricerche di Matematica ◽

10.1007/s11587-021-00580-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Ferrara ◽

M. Trombetti

Keyword(s):

Abelian Group ◽

Abelian Groups ◽

Subgroup Lattice ◽

General Definition ◽

Short Paper ◽

Theoretic Characterization ◽

Definition Of

AbstractLet G be an abelian group. The aim of this short paper is to describe a way to identify pure subgroups H of G by looking only at how the subgroup lattice $$\mathcal {L}(H)$$ L ( H ) embeds in $$\mathcal {L}(G)$$ L ( G ) . It is worth noticing that all results are carried out in a local nilpotent context for a general definition of purity.

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Characterization of Spent Ni-MH Batteries

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.569 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 730-732 ◽

pp. 569-574

Author(s):

Marta Cabral ◽

Fernanda Margarido ◽

Carlos A. Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Recycling Process ◽

X Ray ◽

Leaching Experiments ◽

Plastic Components ◽

Definition Of ◽

Physical And Chemical

Spent Ni-MH batteries are not considered too dangerous for the environment, but they have a considerable economical value due to the chemical composition of electrodes which are highly concentrated in metals. The present work aimed at the physical and chemical characterisation of spent cylindrical and thin prismatic Ni-MH batteries, contributing for a better definition of the recycling process of these spent products. The electrode materials correspond to more than 50% of the batteries weight and contain essentially nickel and rare earths (RE), and other secondary elements (Co, Mn, Al). The remaining components are the steel parts from the external case and supporting grids (near 30%) containing Fe and Ni, and the plastic components (<10%). Elemental quantitative analysis showed that the electrodes are highly concentrated in metals. Phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction combined with chemical analysis and leaching experiments allowed advancing the electrode materials composition. The cathode is essentially constituted by 6% metallic Ni, 66% Ni(OH)2, 4.3% Co(OH)2 and the anode consists mainly in 62% RENi5 and 17% of substitutes and/or additives such as Co, Mn and Al.

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Surface and Underground Geomechanical Characterization of an Area Affected by Instability Phenomena in Zaruma Mining Zone (Ecuador)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13063272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 3272

Author(s):

Paúl Carrión-Mero ◽

Maribel Aguilar-Aguilar ◽

Fernando Morante-Carballo ◽

María José Domínguez-Cuesta ◽

Cristhian Sánchez-Padilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Movement ◽

Mining Activity ◽

Mining District ◽

Mean Values ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Definition Of ◽

Action Measures ◽

Geomechanical Characterization ◽

The City

In the last decade, in the mining district of Zaruma-Portovelo, there has been significant land subsidence related to uncontrolled mining activity. The purpose of this work was to carry out a surface and underground geomechanical characterization of a mining sector north of the city of Zaruma that allows the definition of potentially unstable areas susceptible to the mass movement. The methodology used consists of the following stages: (i) compilation of previous studies; (ii) surface and underground characterization of rocky material to establish its susceptibility to mass movement; (iii) interpretation of results; and (iv) proposal of action measures. Among the most relevant results, it stands out that 26.1% of the 23 stations characterized on the surface present conditions that vary from potentially unstable to unstable. In underground galleries, the studied mean values of the 17 stations indicate that the rock has a medium to good quality, representing a medium susceptibility to gallery destabilization. The results obtained for the surface areas (depths up to 50 m, where altered materials predominate) and the underground areas (depths > 50 m, where the alterations are specific) can be used to identify the areas with a more significant potential for instability. For both cases, it has been possible to define specific monitoring, control, and planning actions for sensitive areas.

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