scholarly journals Global water shortage and potable water safety; Today’s concern and tomorrow’s crisis

2022 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 106936
Author(s):  
Maryam Salehi
2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 844-848
Author(s):  
Kai Xia ◽  
Hao Bo Hou ◽  
Si Xuan Wang ◽  
Yi Lv ◽  
Zhe Hao Zhou ◽  
...  

Strengthening the protection of potable water sources is the important measure to ensure potable water safety for people. Based on the investigation of potable water sources in Yangtze River Wuhan section, this paper analyses the potential fixed risk sources, flowing risk sources and other risk sources. To ensure water safety for people, the government should readjust the industrial structure, supervise industrial enterprises, improve the emergency system, coordinate departments linkage, and accelerate potable water sources protection project.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaji Guo ◽  
Zachary D. Tucker ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Brandon L. Ashfeld ◽  
Tengfei Luo

Seawater desalination plays a critical role in addressing the global water shortage challenge, and directional solvent extraction (DSE) is an emerging desalination technology to address this challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that through a combination of target-directed synthesis and computational simulations, task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) may significantly advance current DSE technology by improving the energy efficiency toward impacting the global water-energy nexus.


Author(s):  
Nadiye Gür

Today, there are many studies about the problems that may be faced in the context of World Water Day. In this chapter, the structure, pollution, quality grading, and human health effects of water; possible pollution prevention measures; and water safety are discussed. It is expected that the world population, which is about 7 billion currently, will rise to 9 billion by 2050. Water consumption is expected to increase at a higher rate, which is a major problem for the environment. By 2025, it has been estimated that two-thirds of the world's population will deal with water shortage. The world is not as rich in water as once thought and, hence, is at high risk for water shortage. For these reasons, we must all fulfill our responsibility to leave a habitable world to future generations.


2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis ◽  
Christos Hadjichristodoulou ◽  
Persefoni Tserkezou ◽  
Varvara Mouchtouri ◽  
Jenny Kremastinou ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grenfell ◽  
C. L. Little ◽  
S. Surman-Lee ◽  
M. Greenwood ◽  
J. Averns ◽  
...  

Providing safe potable water onboard vessels presents particular challenges and contamination can occur directly from source waters as well as during loading, storage and distribution. Between May and October 2005, 950 potable water samples were collected from 342 ships docking at ports. Comparison with Guidelines found 9% of samples contained coliforms, Escherichia coli or enterococci and 2.8% had faecal indicators (E. coli or enterococci). Action levels of aerobic colony count (ACC) bacteria were detected in 20% (22°C) and 21.5% (37°C) of samples. ACC results from one-off sampling are not informative as this does not enable port health authorities to monitor ACC trends. They should be removed as a routine criterion for remedial action and vessels should adopt the WHO Water Safety Plan approach, whilst continuing to monitor water quality with public health-based indicators (e.g. chlorine residual, coliforms, E. coli and enterococci). Logistic regression analyses identified practices associated with water quality. Practices protective against coliforms, E. coli or enterococci in potable supplies were: good hose hygiene, processing water onboard, maintaining free chlorine residual at ≥0.2 mg/L. This emphasizes the importance of good hygiene during potable water loading and maintaining adequate disinfection of supplies onboard.


Greywater is a wastewater discharge originating from kitchen sinks, showers, baths, washing machines and dishwashers. Properly treated greywater can be recycled to meet global water shortages that is expected to affect 2.7 billion people around the world by 2025. Global water shortage can result in a reduction in agricultural land and increased dissertation leading to poverty, faming, war, illegal migration and human trafficking. Greywater contains fewer pathogens than domestic wastewater, is generally safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse onsite for toilet flushing, landscape and crop irrigation. Recycling of grey water provides substantial benefits for both the water supply system by reducing the demand for fresh clean water, and for the wastewater system by reducing the amount of wastewater required to be conveyed and disposed of. In this paper, the existing biological treatment systems for greywater are reviewed. These are: (a) constructed wet land, (b) sequencing batch reactor, (c) vertical flow bioreactor, (d) membrane bioreactor, (e) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, (f) rotating biological contractors, (g) trickling filters, (h) aerated lagoons, (i) anaerobic up-flow filter, and (j) expanded bed up-floe reactor. In a biological treatment, the degradation and transformation of greywater constituents are facilitated by the biochemical reactions carried out by microorganisms in the liquid medium. However, the effluent of biologically treated greywater may contain pathogenic microorganisms, requiring a final disinfection step to eliminate the risk of contracting pathogenic diseases. Selection criteria for a disinfectant include: (a) non-toxicity to humans, domesticated animals, and aquatic ecosystems, (b) low cost (c) easy handling, (d) reliable analysis, and (e) a satisfactory residual concentration. Any disinfection process selected (whether chemical oxidants or irradiation treatment is selected) should be evaluated taken into consideration the conditions of the wastewater source and existing biological treatment design.


Author(s):  
Jiaji Guo ◽  
Zachary D. Tucker ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Brandon L. Ashfeld ◽  
Tengfei Luo

Seawater desalination plays a critical role in addressing the global water shortage challenge, and directional solvent extraction (DSE) is an emerging desalination technology to address this challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that through a combination of target-directed synthesis and computational simulations, task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) may significantly advance current DSE technology by improving the energy efficiency toward impacting the global water-energy nexus.


Author(s):  
Sukanchan Palit

The world of environmental engineering science is moving briskly and steadfastly in a newer vision and a newer age ahead in the civilisation’s progress. Global water shortage has become a primordial issue in present day human civilization. Environmental regulations and ecological restrictions has to be reassessed and rejudged at this critical juncture of history and time. In a similar vein the importance of membrane science and the applicability of environmental engineering techniques stands in the midst of immense optimism and scientific vision. Analytically, membrane separation science will bring environmental engineering science to the newer vision of zero discharge norms. Zero discharge norms and environmental engineering paradigm has an umbilical cord which has a decisive effect on ecological balance. The primordial and the decisive factor in global water shortage is the issue of ground water contamination and its subsequent remediation. Nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and other membrane separation processes in today’s scientific world and scientific vision stands in the midst of inimitable hope and optimism


Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nong Buh ◽  
Roy Lyonga Mbua ◽  
Ukah Bonaventure Ngong

Continuous potable water scarcities in Limbe municipality if not well manage and ensure a regular provision of it may lead to many disastrous consequences to the massive growing population of this municipality. Lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis in Limbe and Cameroon due to poor management strategies employed by the water management bodies involved. The study investigated the implications of water scarcity in Limbe municipality and the options for effective provision of potable water. A questionnaire survey was carried out. About 300 questionnaires were administered in three localities of Limbe to investigate the present status of water scarcity and its impacts on the local communities. The results show an increasing rate of potable water scarcity in the municipality. About 51% of the respondents indicated that inadequate storage facilities are the main caused of water scarcity in the town. In contrast, 26% and 23% of the respondents indicated that inadequate technology and low level of education are other reasons contributing to potable water scarcity in Limbe municipality. Many people in the municipality depend on untreated water sources, resulting in the contraction of many diseases like dysentery and diarrhea as prime waterborne health risks. We suggest options like installing large water safety tanks in all the localities of Limbe municipality. Furthermore, implementing a joint monitoring team to ensure that effective potable water treatment and supply is being done and the bodies involved in water management like the Cameroon Water Utilities Corporation (CAMWATER) need to initiate a platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue, networking and social learning essentially for building trust on how to manage potable water supply in the municipality better.


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