Vulnerability to the impact of temperature variability on mortality in 31 major Chinese cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Research on strategies of low-impact urban design in China. Take Beijing waterfront urban design evaluation as an example

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Cao ◽  
◽  
Suning Xu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Design System ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Low Impact Design ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to provide theoretical method support and practical experience for creating environment friendly urban space by low-impact urban design methods, and discussed on two aspects of theory and practice. Firstly, the definition of low-impact urban design in the context of Chinese cities is expounded by combing the development stage of urban design environment view and analysing the development needs of Chinese cities. Then, it discusses the framework content and evolution process of low-impact urban design in China, and puts forward the view that low-impact development elements and low-impact design control elements are mutually dependent and mutually reinforcing. Next, the objects and related characteristics of low-impact urban design are explained from multiple perspectives, as object system, object composition and basic characteristics. Relevant strategy formulation is the focus of this paper. First, it is necessary to establish a low-impact urban design system in coordination with legal planning, so as to help implement the low-impact design concept with the seriousness and execution of legal planning. Secondly, the framework of low-impact urban design control elements including 5 different layers is established, which can effectively evaluate and optimize the impact of design results on the city. Thirdly, the value evaluation mechanism of dynamic cycle is proposed, which is helpful to the implementation of low-impact urban design and the restoration of design intention. Finally, the paper takes Beijing waterfront urban design evaluation as an example to apply the low impact evaluation model proposed in this paper, and satisfactory results were obtained

scholarly journals LAND-LEASING BEHAVIOR, LOCAL OFFICIALS’ PROMOTIONS, AND CHINESE CITIES’ DEBT RISKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
Juanfeng Zhang ◽  
Lele Li ◽  
Danxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Dependence Level ◽  
Bank System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Bank ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Land Leasing

This study first analyzes how local governments’ land-leasing behaviors affect Chinese cities’ debt risk then examines the impact of officials’ promotion mechanisms on debt risk in China’s urban land bank system. The land-leasing behavior is reflected through three indicators, namely, land-leasing revenue, land-leasing scale, and land financial dependence level. Two new indicators are constructed to measure the local government’ debt risk from the perspective of debt scale and debt repayment: the debt scale risk and debt burden risk. Empirical analyses are based on the data of 281 prefecture-level cities from 2006–2015. The main findings are twofold. First, the debt scale risk is positively affected by the land-leasing revenue, and officials’ promotion pressure. The debt burden risk is positively affected by the land financial dependence and officials’ promotion pressure. Second, the officials’ promotion pressure significantly enhances the positive effect of land-leasing revenue on the debt scale risk. Local officials, who are under promotion pressure, are inclined to expand the size of urban investment bonds, which increases debt scale risk.

scholarly journals Parameterizing the Impact of Unresolved Temperature Variability on the Large‐Scale Density Field: Part 1. Theory.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stanley ◽  
I. Grooms ◽  
W. Kleiber ◽  
S. D. Bachman ◽  
F. Castruccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Density Field ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
The Impact

Free trade and the environment – evidence from Chinese cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Pollution Haven Effect ◽  
Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Scale Composition ◽  
Detrimental Impact

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of trade openness and the proportion of exporters on environmental quality through the scale, composition and technique effects from 1998 to 2007 using firm- and city-level data for 287 Chinese cities. Our results reveal that, on average, trade openness has a detrimental impact on the environment in Chinese cities, but this impact remains heterogeneous across regions. A higher proportion of exporters improves the environment in central and eastern cities while generating nevertheless more pollution in western cities. As regards the sector-specific impact, we find that the higher proportion of exporters in the mining and less-polluting manufacturing sectors in eastern cities diminishes the emissions of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). Our finding also suggests that a pollution haven effect emerges in China at the city level. Finally, our results confirm the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve effect for the PM2.5 pollutant across Chinese cities.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Air Pollution on Inbound Tourism in China: An Analysis Based on Regression Discontinuity Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxin Dong ◽  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
Yat Wong
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Impact

Prior studies have suggested the existence of a reverse causality relationship between air quality and tourism development: while air quality influences tourism, dynamic segments of the tourism industry (e.g., cruising, airline, foodservice) have impacts on air quality. This reverse causality hinders a precise estimate on the effect of air pollution on tourism development within a conventional econometric framework, since the variable of air pollution is endogenous. This study estimates the impact of air pollution on the inbound tourism industry in China, by controlling for endogeneity based on a regression discontinuity design (RDD). The estimate is derived from a quasi-experiment generated by China’s Huai River Policy, which subsidizes coal for winter heating in northern Chinese cities. By analyzing data from 274 Chinese cities during the period 2009–2012, it is found that air pollution significantly reduces the international inbound tourism: an increase of PM 10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 μ m) by 0.1 mg/m 3 will cause a decline in the tourism receipts-to-local gross domestic product (GDP) ratio by 0.45 percentage points. This study also highlights the importance of controlling for endogeneity, since the detrimental impact of air pollution would otherwise be considerably underestimated. This study further demonstrates that, although air pollution is positively correlated with the average expenditure of each tourist, it substantially depresses the number of inbound tourists. The results imply that air quality could potentially influence inbound tourists’ city destination choices. However, it is interesting to note that travelers in air polluted cities in China tend to spend more money.

scholarly journals Temperature change in subtropical southeastern Africa during the past 790,000 yr

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Chevalier ◽  
Brian M. Chase ◽  
Lynne J. Quick ◽  
Lydie M. Dupont ◽  
Thomas C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Ice Volume ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Reconstruction Software ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Across the glacial-interglacial cycles of the late Pleistocene (∼700 k.y.), temperature variability at low latitudes is often considered to have been negligible compared to changes in precipitation. However, a paucity of quantified temperature records makes this difficult to reliably assess. In this study, we used the Bayesian method CREST (Climate REconstruction SofTware) to produce a 790,000 yr quantified temperature reconstruction from a marine pollen record from southeast Africa. The results reveal a strong similarity between temperature variability in subtropical Africa and global ice volume and CO2 concentrations, indicating that temperature in the region was not controlled by local insolation, but followed global trends at these time scales, with an amplitude of ∼4 °C between glacial minima and interglacial maxima. The data also enabled us to make an assessment of the impact of temperature change on pollen diversity, with results showing there is no link between glacial-age temperatures/CO2 and a loss of diversity in this record.

scholarly journals The Impact of Temperature Variability on Years of Life Lost

Epidemiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Wenbiao Hu ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Cunrui Huang ◽  
Shilu Tong
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Land Input on Economic Growth at Different Stages of Development in Chinese Cities and Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanfu Jin ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Lijia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Regional industrial structure and land use patterns differ between the different stages of development, and the impact of land input on economic growth may vary. On the basis of land supply data obtained from http://www.landchina.com/ for 2010–2015, this study used an econometric model to explore the impact of land input on the economic growth of Chinese cities and regions at the different stages of development. Empirical results show that the development of 352 cities and regions in China in 2015 can be divided into five stages; namely, primary production stage (PPS), primary industrialization stage (PIS), middle industrialization stage (MIS), later industrialization stage (LIS), and developed stage (DS). The economic growth of cities and regions at the LIS or DS was significantly dependent on capital and labor input rather than land input. The land input of cities and regions at PPS, PIS, and MIS significantly promoted economic growth. This article enriches the study of regional economic growth and is beneficial to further understanding of the impact of land input on the economic growth of China.

scholarly journals Synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Liu ◽  
Xuemei Bai ◽  
Huanfeng Shen ◽  
Xiaoping Pang ◽  
Zeyu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak is under control in China. Mobility interventions, including both the Wuhan lockdown and travel restrictions in other cities, have been undertaken in China to mitigate the epidemic. However, the impact of mobility restrictions in cites outside Wuhan has not been systematically analyzed. Here we ascertain the relationships between all mobility patterns and the epidemic trajectory in Chinese cities outside Hubei Province, and we estimate the impact of local travel restrictions. We estimate local inter-city travel bans averted 22.4% (95% PI: 16.8–27.9%) more infections in the two weeks after the Wuhan lockdown, while local intra-city travel prevented 32.5% (95% PI: 18.9–46.1%) more infections in the third and fourth weeks. More synchronized implementation of mobility interventions would further decrease the number of confirmed cases in the first two weeks by 15.7% (95% PI:15.4–16.0%). This study shows synchronized travel restrictions across cities can be effective in COVID-19 control.

scholarly journals State Intervention in Land Supply and Its Impact on Real Estate Investment in China: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Su ◽  
Zhu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Land Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Central State ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Investment In China ◽  
The Impact

State intervention in land supply can be a powerful tool in shaping real estate investment. Yet, few studies have examined the effect of central state intervention on land supply at the municipal level and the impact of land supply on real estate investment with respect to different tiers of prefecture-level cities in China. Varying central–local dynamics of land supply in different tiers of cities, and the often taken-for-granted relationship between land supply and real estate investment, warrant further investigation. This study aims to fill these gaps. It is found that the multi-purposed central land policy and the varying land leasing strategies adopted by different tiers of cities contribute to the varying land supply trajectories, calling for more nuanced and better-tailored central land policies that focus on the socioeconomic conditions of cities. The general significant and positive correlation between land supply and real estate investment, revealed by a panel regression analysis incorporating 280 prefecture-level Chinese cities, suggests that land supply control can function as a critical tool in governing real estate investment in China, which also sheds light on the governance and promotion of sustainable real estate markets in other parts of the world. This study also reveals a higher possibility of land speculation in first- and second-tier cities than that of low-tier cities. The nuanced correlations between land supply and real estate investment and the varying land development strategies employed in different tiers of Chinese cities imply that the effectiveness of land supply intervention in shaping healthy real estate investment may depend on local contingencies, calling for meticulous and tailored governance on land supply and real estate investment behaviors.

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