Toxicity of two drugs towards the marine filter feeder Mytilus spp, using biochemical and shell integrity parameters

Kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana) termasuk salah satu jenis kerang air tawar yang telah dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Salah satu bahan pencemar yang sering terdapat pada hewan filter feeder seperti kijing adalah logam berat. Logam-logam berat berbahaya yang sering mencemari lingkungan antara lain merkuri (Hg), cadmium (Cd), dan timbal (Pb). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kandungan logam berat Hg, Cd, dan Pb daging Kijing Taiwan selama periode dua bulan (Maret dan Mei) serta menerapkan perlakuan depurasi sebagai usaha untuk mengurangi kandungan logam berat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengiventarisasi wilayah pengambilan sampel, analisis karakteristik kijing, melakukan depurasi, dan analisis kandungan logam berat Hg, Cd, dan Pb daging kijing. Sampel Kijing Taiwan diambil dari perairan Darmaga di, Bogor. Kandungan proksimat daging kijing yang diukur adalah kadar air 81,5%, protein 8,9%, lemak 1,0%, abu 3,1%, dan karbohidrat 5,4%. Rendemen daging kijing sebesar 20,1% (sebelum depurasi), 19,6% (setelah 10 hari depurasi), dan 18,9% (setelah 20 hari depurasi). Kijing Taiwan di perairan Darmaga menunjukkan kandungan logam berat merkuri dan kadmium yang sangat kecil pada daging selama periode dua bulan (Maret dan Mei). Kandungan timbal bulan Maret lebih tinggi dibandingkan bulan Mei. Rata-rata kandungan timbal di perairan Darmaga selama dua periode adalah sebesar 1,4 ppm. Perlakuan depurasi selama 20 hari dapat menurunkan kandungan timbal pada kijing sebesar 0,05 ppm (setelah 10 hari depurasi) dan 0,08 ppm (setelah 20 hari depurasi).Kata kunci: Anodonta woodiana, Cd, depurasi, Hg, perairan Darmaga, Pb.

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Microplastic contamination of the drilling bivalve Hiatella arctica in Arctic rhodolith beds

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93668-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Teichert ◽

Martin G. J. Löder ◽

Ines Pyko ◽

Marlene Mordek ◽

Christian Schulbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Water Depth ◽

The Arctic ◽

Polymer Composition ◽

Bivalve Species ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Hiatella Arctica ◽

Long Term Consequences ◽

Water Depths

AbstractThere is an increasing number of studies reporting microplastic (MP) contamination in the Arctic environment. We analysed MP abundance in samples from a marine Arctic ecosystem that has not been investigated in this context and that features a high biodiversity: hollow rhodoliths gouged by the bivalve Hiatella arctica. This bivalve is a filter feeder that potentially accumulates MPs and may therefore reflect MP contamination of the rhodolith ecosystem at northern Svalbard. Our analyses revealed that 100% of the examined specimens were contaminated with MP, ranging between one and 184 MP particles per bivalve in samples from two water depths. Polymer composition and abundance differed strongly between both water depths: samples from 40 m water depth showed a generally higher concentration of MPs and were clearly dominated by polystyrene, samples from 27 m water depth were more balanced in composition, mainly consisting of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene. Long-term consequences of MP contamination in the investigated bivalve species and for the rhodolith bed ecosystem are yet unclear. However, the uptake of MPs may potentially impact H. arctica and consequently its functioning as ecosystem engineers in Arctic rhodolith beds.

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Filtering Activity and Nutrient Release by the Keratose Sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus Schmidt, 1862 (Porifera, Demospongiae) at the Laboratory Scale

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9020178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Roberta Trani ◽

Giuseppe Corriero ◽

Maria Concetta de Pinto ◽

Maria Mercurio ◽

Carlo Pazzani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benthic Communities ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Nutrient Load ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Microbial Bioremediation ◽

Maximum Retention

Sponges are an important constituent of filter-feeder benthic communities, characterized by high ecological plasticity and abundance. Free bacteria constitute an important quota of their diet, making them excellent candidates in aquaculture microbial bioremediation, where bacteria can be a serious problem. Although there are studies on this topic, certain promising species are still under investigation. Here we report applied microbiological research on the filtering activity of Sarcotragus spinosulus on two different concentrations of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a laboratory experiment. To evaluate the effects of the filtration on the surrounding nutrient load, the release of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate was also measured. The results obtained showed the efficient filtration capability of S. spinosulus as able to reduce the Vibrio load with a maximum retention efficiency of 99.72% and 99.35% at higher and lower Vibrio concentrations, respectively, and remarkable values of clearance rates (average maximum value 45.0 ± 4.1 mL h−1 g DW−1) at the highest Vibrio concentration tested. The nutrient release measured showed low values for each considered nutrient category at less than 1 mg L−1 for ammonium and phosphate and less than 5 mg L−1 for nitrate. The filtering activity and nutrient release by S. spinosulus suggest that this species represents a promising candidate in microbial bioremediation, showing an efficient capability in removing V. parahaemolyticus from seawater with a contribution to the nutrient load.

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Life habit and enrolment in Calymenacea (Trilobita) and their significance for classification

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s026359330001052x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 76 (2-3) ◽

pp. 307-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

W. Hammann

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Life Habit ◽

Behavioural Patterns

ABSTRACTThe life habit of Neseuretus is reconstructed on the basis of functional analysis and compared with that of other Calymenacea. Neseuretus, like all Calymenidae, was probably a filter feeder, burrowing downward into the sediment, where it rested hidden in a U-shaped attitude. Homalonotidae developed frontal burrowing and Bathycheilidae probably lived on the sediment. These calymenid families have different enrolment and behavioural patterns. Enrolment structures are developed, analysis of which leads to an understanding of phylogeny. Bathycheilidae maintained an unspecialised spiral enrolment. Flexicalymeninae and Calymeninae developed an advanced spiral enrolment, while a pseudosphaeroidal enrolment was achieved along independent lines in Kerfornellinae and Homalonotidae.

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Larval development of Metapenaeopsis barbata (de Haan, 1844) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae)

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf93077 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jesse D. Ronquillo ◽

Toshio Saisho

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Feeding Apparatus ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽

The Family ◽

Gravid Females ◽

Natural Means

Gravid females of Metapenaeopsis barbata spawned in the laboratory by natural means and the larvae were reared from hatching to postlarval stage at 27·0–29·8˚C and 33·5–34·5 g kg -1 salinity. The larvae metamorphosed into first postlarvae, with a survival rate of up to 98·4%, after about 10 days following hatching and subsistence on only an algal diet of Tetraselmis tetrathele and Chaetoceros gracilis. Six naupliar stages, three protozoeal stages, three mysis stages and the first postlarval stage are described and illustrated. On the basis of morphological characteristics, larval stages of M. barbata can be distinguished from similar stages of closely related species in the family Penaeidae. As inferred from the morphology of the larval feeding apparatus, M. barbata is still a filter-feeder even at the first postlarval stage.

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Feeding patterns in Eubranchipus grubii (Dybowski 1860) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) and its potential influence on the phytoplankton communities of vernal pools

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1705 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Celewicz ◽

Michał Jan Czyż ◽

Bartłomiej Gołdyn

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Grazing Pressure ◽

Potential Influence ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Algal Communities ◽

Phytoplankton Communities ◽

Fairy Shrimps ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Filtration patterns in the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus grubii were analysed under laboratory conditions using water containing phytoplankton from their actual locality in western Poland. After 48 hours of feeding, we compared the structure of algal communities in water samples in treatments with males, females and control. The mean filtration rate for E. grubii was relatively high (14,488 mL h-1) in comparison to other crustacean filter feeders and was higher for females than for males. Fairy shrimps grazed effectively on all 11 dominant phytoplankton taxa and there was no sign of overall preferences with regard to taxon, cell volume, length or shape. Female fairy shrimps removed significantly more cells of three taxa (Cryptomonas erosa, C. ovata and Trachelomonas volvocina). The differences between sexes did not depend on the cell volume or length of particular phytoplankton taxa but were significantly related to their initial abundance, initial biomass and shape. The higher the abundance and biomass of the algal taxa, the more intensively it was grazed by females than by males. Females were also observed to graze more on spherical and elongated cells. In conclusion, our results show E. grubii to be an effective, generalist filter feeder capable of significantly influencing the phytoplankton community of a vernal pool. Possible implications of such grazing pressure are also discussed.

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Additional information on Alainaspis and Boothiaspis, cyathaspidids (Agnatha: Heterostraci) from the Upper Silurian of Northwest Territories, Canada

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000020540 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 308-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David K. Elliott ◽

David L. Dineley

Keyword(s):

Northwest Territories ◽

Related Species ◽

Posterior Margin ◽

Dorsal Shield ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Additional Information ◽

New Material ◽

Upper Silurian ◽

Original Interpretation

New material of the poraspid Alainaspis platyrhina Elliott and Dineley has made it possible to provide a more extensive reconstruction of this animal. It is now clear that an elongated branchial opening was present below the lateral lamina and that a well-developed post-branchial lobe was present. No branchial plate has been identified and this may have been fused to the dorsal shield, forming the ventral lamina. The lateral lamina is now seen to terminate in a rounded angle before the posterior margin of the shield. Several ventral shields with similar ornament are identified as belonging to A. platyrhina. These are broad and deep and are consistent with the original interpretation of this animal as a filter feeder. One similar shield with a coarser ornament is tentatively assigned to the closely related species Boothiaspis ovata Broad.

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Genomic analyses reveal a conserved glutathione homeostasis pathway in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00025.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 183-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gerardo M. Nava ◽

David Y. Lee ◽

Javier H. Ospina ◽

Shi-Ying Cai ◽

H. Rex Gaskins

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Ciona Intestinalis ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Regulatory Pathways ◽

Wide Range ◽

Redox Buffer ◽

Invertebrate Chordate

The major thiol redox buffer glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is central to cell fate determination, and thus, associated metabolic and regulatory pathways are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of environmental cues. An imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis has emerged as a pathologic hallmark of a diverse range of human gene-environment disorders. Despite the central importance of GSH in cellular homeostasis, underlying genetic regulatory pathways remain poorly defined. This report describes the annotation and expression analysis of genes contributing to GSH homeostasis in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis . A core pathway comprising 19 genes contributing to the biosynthesis of GSH and its use as both a redox buffer and a conjugate in phase II detoxification as well as known transcriptional regulators were analyzed. These genes exhibit a high level of sequence conservation with corresponding human, rat, and mouse homologs and were expressed constitutively in tissues of adult animals. The GSH biosynthetic genes Gclc and Gclm were also responsive to the prototypical antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone. The present evidence of a conserved GSH homeostasis pathway in C. intestinalis together with its phylogenetic position as a basal chordate and lifestyle as a filter feeder constantly exposed to natural marine toxins introduces this species as an important animal model for defining molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie genetic susceptibility to environmentally associated stress.

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Community Structure of Gastrpods in Mokupa Beach, Sub-district of Tobariri,Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.3.1.2015.13215 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Alinaung F. Firgonitha ◽

Anneke V. Lohoo ◽

Alex D. Kambey

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

High Tide ◽

Ocean Basin ◽

Food Chains ◽

Seagrass Bed ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Tropical Ecosystem ◽

Filter Feeder ◽

Edge Cover ◽

North Sulawesi

Ecologically intertidal mollusk has important role in the food chains. As a filter feeder, mollusk is also known as a food source for other marine organisms. The intertidal zone is known as the smallest area in the ocean basin (Nybakken, 1992). This zone is a narrow edge cover only few square meters and position between low tide mark (LTM) and high tide mark (HTM). The study was conducted in Mokupa beach waters, Tombariri sub-district, Minahasa Regency. Coastal area of Mokupa village represent typical tropical ecosystem such as coral reef, seagrass bed and mangrove belt. As many as 45 species in 134 total individuals were recorded during the study. The density of gastropods collected is 4.4667 individual/m2 while density for gastropods species Littoraria scabra Linne was 0.4000 individual/m2 and in term of relative density is 9.834 % and thus considered the highest. Species diversity index of this species is H’ = 2.37594. Keywords: mollusk, diversity, dominance A B S T R A K Secara ekologis Moluska yang menempati daerah intertidal memiliki peranan yang besar kaitannya dengan rantai makanan. Karena di samping sebagai filter feeder, moluska juga merupakan makanan bagi biota lainnya. Zona intertidal (pasang-surut) merupakan daerah terkecil dari semua daerah yang terdapat di samudera dunia (Nybakken, 1992). Zona ini merupakan pinggiran yang sempit sekali, hanya beberapa meter luasnya, terletak di antara air pasang tinggi dan air surut rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perairan pantai Mokupa Kecamatan Tombariri Kabupaten Minahasa. Daerah pantai Desa Mokupa merupakan daerah yang lokasinya terdapat ekosistem yang khas di daerah tropis yaitu terumbu karang, padang lamun, dan hutan mangrove. Diperoleh sebanyak 45 spesies dan berjumlah 134 individu. Kepadatan rata-rata organisme Gastropoda diperoleh 4,4667 indv/m2 , dengan kepadatan spesies tertinggi 0,4000 indv/m2 (Littoraria scabra Linne), dengan Kepadatan relative adalah 9,834 %.Keanekaragaman spesies diperoleh nilai (H’= 2.37594) Kata Kunci : Komunitas, keanekaragaman, dominasi 1Mahasiswa Program Studi MSP FPIK-UNSRAT 2Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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