Personality traits of children before and after epilepsy surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Braams ◽  
Renske Schappin ◽  
Joost Meekes ◽  
Peter C. van Rijen ◽  
Onno van Nieuwenhuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Psychosocial Correlates of Attitudes Toward Male Sexual Violence in a Sample of Financial Crime, Property Crime, General Violent, and Homicide Offenders

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Debowska ◽  
Daniel Boduszek ◽  
Dominic Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sexually Violent ◽  
Male Inmates

Although those currently serving prison sentences for sexual violence can be identified and receive treatment, the number of prisoners with a history of sexual violence against female partners is unknown. Methods to identify prisoners with a proclivity for such violence and accurately assess the risk they pose before and after incarceration are therefore required. Here, we aimed to assess the level of sexually violent attitudes within dating relationships and to examine their associations with experiences of child abuse and neglect (CAN), psychopathic personality traits, prisonization, number of incarcerations, age, years of schooling, relationship status, and parenting among different types of offenders (financial crime, property crime, general violent, and homicide offenders). Data were collected among a large systematically selected sample of adult male inmates ( N = 1,123). We demonstrated that sexual violence-supportive attitudes appear to be a function of child sexual abuse and psychopathic personality traits, and may be developed through early socialization experiences as well as incarceration. Practical implications of current findings are discussed.

Facial aesthetics and the assignment of personality traits before and after orthognathic surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sinko ◽  
R. Jagsch ◽  
B. Benes ◽  
G. Millesi ◽  
F. Fischmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Facial Aesthetics ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND COGNITIVE RESILIENCE IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S778-S778
Author(s):  
Eileen K Graham ◽  
Bryan James ◽  
Daniel K Mroczek
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Existing Data

Abstract There are considerable individual differences in the rates of cognitive decline across later adulthood. Personality traits are one set of factors that may account for some of these differences. The current project explores whether personality traits are associated with trajectories of cognitive decline, and whether the associations are different before and after a diagnosis of dementia. The data will be analyzed using linear mixed effects regression. Across these goals is a focus on replicability and generalizability. Each of these questions will be addressed in four independent longitudinal studies of aging (EAS, MAP, ROS, SATSA), then meta-analyzed, thus providing an estimate of the replicability of our results. This study is part of a registered report of existing data that is currently under stage 1 review.

PSYCHOSOCIAL STATUS BEFORE AND AFTER TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY SURGERY

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taner Tanriverdi ◽  
Nicole Poulin ◽  
Andre Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Psychosocial Status ◽  
Before And After

Genre or artistic merit?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Djikic ◽  
Keith Oatley ◽  
Matthew Carland
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reading Difficulty ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artistic Merit

We tested whether the genre of a literary text (essay as compared with short story) or its artistic merit would be primarily responsible for the variability in the self-perceived personality traits that individuals experience when they read. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to read either one of eight essays or one of eight short stories, matched for length, reading difficulty, and interest. The Big-Five personality traits were measured before and after reading. Genre did not affect variability in personality. Rather, participants who judged the text they read to be more artistic reported a greater variability in their personality trait profile after reading, independently of whether the text was an essay or a short story. Artistic merit appears to be associated with literature’s transformative effects through the instability in the self-perceived experience of the reader’s personality.

Personality Traits During Depression and After Clinical Recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Peselow ◽  
Michael P. Sanfilipo ◽  
Ronald R. Fieve ◽  
Gary Gulbenkian
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Characteristic Modes ◽  
Before And After

We investigated whether and how acute depressive symptoms affect the self-report of maladaptive personality traits. Sixty-eight acutely depressed patients underwent the Structured Interview for DSM–III Personality Disorder (SIDP) before and after pharmacological treatment, allowing us to determine whether self-reported maladaptive personality traits are different during depression and after successful clinical recovery. After the initial SIDP administration (during an episode of major depression), patients received desipramine treatment (dose range 150–300 mg/day) over a course of 4–5 weeks before readministration of the SIDP. For those who recovered from their depression (n = 39), cluster III trait scores were significantly lower than those assessed at baseline, and there was a lower frequency of cluster III categorical diagnoses for a personality disorder after treatment than before treatment. Recovered patients also had significantly lower cluster I personality trait scores after treatment as compared with baseline ratings. For those who did not recover from their depression after treatment (n = 29), cluster I trait scores were in fact higher than those measured at baseline, but there were no differences in categorical diagnoses before and after treatment. Cluster II personality traits and categorical diagnoses were not different between those who did and did not recover from their depression. Thus, depression may have a significant effect on the assessment of cluster I and cluster III personality traits. It is possible that cluster I and III ‘personality traits’ may be interwoven with depressive features and therefore subject to state influences, whereas cluster II personality traits may entail enduring, long-term characteristic modes of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

scholarly journals Language network reorganization before and after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Olivia Foesleitner ◽  
Benjamin Sigl ◽  
Victor Schmidbauer ◽  
Karl-Heinz Nenning ◽  
Ekaterina Pataraia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right

OBJECTIVEEpilepsy surgery is the recommended treatment option for patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This method offers a good chance of seizure freedom but carries a considerable risk of postoperative language impairment. The extremely variable neurocognitive profiles in surgical epilepsy patients cannot be fully explained by extent of resection, fiber integrity, or current task-based functional MRI (fMRI). In this study, the authors aimed to investigate pathology- and surgery-triggered language organization in TLE by using fMRI activation and network analysis as well as considering structural and neuropsychological measures.METHODSTwenty-eight patients with unilateral TLE (16 right, 12 left) underwent T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and task-based language fMRI pre- and postoperatively (n = 15 anterior temporal lobectomy, n = 11 selective amygdalohippocampectomy, n = 2 focal resection). Twenty-two healthy subjects served as the control cohort. Functional connectivity, activation maps, and laterality indices for language dominance were analyzed from fMRI data. Postoperative fractional anisotropy values of 7 major tracts were calculated. Naming, semantic, and phonematic verbal fluency scores before and after surgery were correlated with imaging parameters.RESULTSfMRI network analysis revealed widespread, bihemispheric alterations in language architecture that were not captured by activation analysis. These network changes were found preoperatively and proceeded after surgery with characteristic patterns in the left and right TLEs. Ipsilesional fronto-temporal connectivity decreased in both left and right TLE. In left TLE specifically, preoperative atypical language dominance predicted better postoperative verbal fluency and naming function. In right TLE, left frontal language dominance correlated with good semantic verbal fluency before and after surgery, and left fronto-temporal language laterality predicted good naming outcome. Ongoing seizures after surgery (Engel classes ID–IV) were associated with naming deterioration irrespective of seizure side. Functional findings were not explained by the extent of resection or integrity of major white matter tracts.CONCLUSIONSFunctional connectivity analysis contributes unique insight into bihemispheric remodeling processes of language networks after epilepsy surgery, with characteristic findings in left and right TLE. Presurgical contralateral language recruitment is associated with better postsurgical language outcome in left and right TLE.

scholarly journals Long-term consistency of personality traits of cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather W. Neave ◽  
Joao H. C. Costa ◽  
Daniel M. Weary ◽  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Over Time

Personality is often defined as the behaviour of individual animals that is consistent across contexts and over time. Personality traits may become unstable during stages of ontogeny from infancy to adulthood, especially during major periods of development such as around the time of sexual maturation. The personality of domesticated farm animals has links with productivity, health and welfare, but to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the development and stability of personality traits across developmental life stages in a mammalian farm animal species. Here, we describe the consistency of personality traits across ontogeny in dairy cattle from neonate to first lactation as an adult. The personality traits ‘bold’ and ‘exploratory’, as measured by behavioural responses to novelty, were highly consistent during the earlier (before and after weaning from milk) and later (after puberty to first lactation) rearing periods, but were not consistent across these rearing periods when puberty occurred. These findings indicate that personality changes in cattle around sexual maturation are probably owing to major physiological changes that are accelerated under typical management conditions at this time. This work contributes to the understanding of the ontogeny of behaviour in farm animals, especially how and why individuals differ in their behaviour.

Mood Changes Associated with Iyengar Yoga Practices: A Pilot Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shapiro ◽  
Karen Cline
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mood Effects

The main objectives of this study were 1) to examine changes in self-reported moods and emotional states from before to after Iyengar Yoga classes and how they are affected by the practice of different types of Yoga poses and (2) to determine whether observed changes in mood depend on one's personality traits. The participants were 11 healthy Yoga students in a nine-session Yoga course in which three different types of Yoga poses were compared: back bends, forward bends, and standing poses. Each 90-minute class focused on one of the three types of poses with three repetitions of each type of class. Self-ratings of 15 moods dealing with positive,negative, and energy-related emotional states were obtained before and after each class. Personality traits of depression, anxiety, and hostility were assessed at an initial orientation. Independently of the specific pose,positive moods increased, negative moods decreased,and energy-related moods increased from before to after classes with most changes lasting for two hours. Specific poses resulted in differences in how moods were affected,with back bends associated with greater increases in positive moods. Some mood changes were dependent on one's characteristic personality traits. The positive mood effects of back bends were greater for participants who were relatively hostile or depressed. The specific and nonspecific effects of different bodily postures and movements on psychological processes in Yoga and other forms of physical activity deserve further study. Yoga practices should be investigated for their potential clinical application in mood disorders and depression.

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