Portraits as a Sign of Possession

Cardinals’ portraits were not only intended for private residences and painted by famous artists, but were also produced in multiple copies of variable quality that still can be found on the art market. In these paintings, often based on portrait prints, likeness or artistic merit were not the most important criteria. Inventories show that most of these copies were actually made for religious institutions, such as orders and confraternities, of which these cardinals were appointed protector. This essay deals with the question of how and when these portraits were obtained and where they were displayed; by means of this spatial contextualization, it explains the legal function of these portraits within these institutions.

‘Een beetje muziek en de hele rest’

When record players became more widely available, authors and publishers began to investigate the potential uses of the new medium. Poets would record readings of their work, a younger generation experimented with sound effects and music, and live recordings of festivals became available. The relation between music and literature is multidimensional; this article focuses mainly on the use of music as a means to support the presentation of literature. My perspective is informed by the question: To what extent can the use of recorded music enhance the literary experience? The article describes the work of several publishers or other corporations. Artistic merit or musical quality are not the focus per se: this is about music as a means to an end. Although some of the results are interesting, there are surprisingly few places where the two actually meet. The explanation for these modest results can be found in artistic as well as commercial factors.

Aesthetics of Food Porn

Enticing food photography which stimulates its viewers’ cravings, often given a dismissive label “food porn,” is one of the most popular contents in contemporary digital media. In this paper, I argue that the label disguises different ways in which a viewer can engage with it. In particular, food porn enables us to engage in cross-modal gustatory imaginings of a specific kind and an image’s capacity to afford such imaginings can contribute to its artistic merit.

Textiles

As with many crafts, textiles and their production have been a poor relation in studies of ancient Egypt, and even today a detailed academic description of a stele or relief is more likely to concentrate on artistic merit, hieroglyphs, role, and status with only the most basic description of clothing. The study of textiles has been seen as a gendered (female)—non-archaeological (museum and craft)—specialization, and only recently has this changed. This chapter seeks to place textiles and clothing at the heart of our understanding of Egyptian society as the main signifier of gender, status, and personal wealth. It also briefly addresses how wealth was measured in the ancient world and the impact of textiles on land use and the economy.

Linguistic Deviation and Techniques of Translation in Spring of Kumari Tears

<em>A linguistic deviation occurs when a writer chooses not to abide the rules of a standard language. It is one of the ways to achieve artistic merit. Through linguistic deviation, a writer can communicate unique experiences that cannot be effectively communicated by means of normal communicative resources. It is also a linguistic phenomenon that has an important psychological effect on readers. This article aimed at analyzing the linguistic deviation in Mata Air Air Mata Kumari and the techniques of translation in its English version, Spring of Kumari Tears. The three most used types of linguistic deviation found are semantic deviation (55.77 %), graphological deviation (20.19 %), and grammatical deviation (11.54 %). The rest are phonological and lexical deviation in a small percentage. Meanwhile, the three most used translation techniques are reduction (28.85 %), linguistic compression (23.07 %), and discursive creation (10.58 %). The rest are modulation, amplification, transposition, established equivalent, borrowing, and deletion. The findings indicated that the author mostly used semantic, graphological, and grammatical deviation to create unexpected surprises and make a strong impression to the readers as the means to attain the artistic merit. However, the artistic merit is simplified by the use of the translation techniques which compress the linguistic elements, reduce the message of the original text, and create temporary equivalence that is out of context. As a result, the translated version tends to be more concise and succinct.</em>

Angels and Demons Novel - a Milestone in Dan Brown’s Creative Work

Nowadays the genres eclecticism is so widespread that it is sometimes impossible to identify to which genre a work belongs. This situation, in turn, is reflected in the blurring of the frontiers between Highbrow and Lowbrow literature. Moreover, there are novels that contain some elements of Pulp fiction, and yet they do not belong to this type of literature. This situation is particularly topical with the works that open a series of sequels exploring the same theme or featuring the same protagonist, like the novel under our investigation. This research has proved that this novel contains artistic merit and cannot be referred to as Pop culture product, repeating the same stamp. Furthermore, we traced how the author’s concept of the archetypal notions of Angels and Demons was reflected in the novel. Thus, these results have been reached by implementing biographical approach in considering the writer’s literary career; historical approach in analyzing inaccuracies in depiction of the historical events; and mythological in tracing the reflection of the novelist’s archetypal concept. The benefits of this study include changing attitude to the literary heritage of the author and drawing more attention of scholars to the given novel.

Religion and Literature: History and Method

Religion and literature is the study of interrelationships between religious or theological traditions and literary traditions, both oral and written, with special attention to religious or theological underpinnings of, influences upon, and reflections in, individual “texts” (oral and written) or authors’ oeuvres. This overview considers the origins and history of, and methods employed in, that scholarly enterprise, focusing upon the dual construals of “literature” in religious studies (as a body of sacred writings and as writing valued for artistic merit); the problematics of defining “religion”; the transformation of theology and literature as a “field” (pioneered by Nathan A. Scott Jr. et al.) to religion and literature; the affiliated fields of myth criticism, and of biblical reception; and the institutionalization, globalization, and future of the study of religion and literature.

The Story of Sufferers in Indian Society - A Study of Mulk Raj Anand’s Coolie

Literature is any piece of writing that is valued as work art. Literature expresses the writers’ personality, emotions, and beliefs. Literature is generally defined as writing with artistic merit. Literature usually means works of poetry and prose that are especially well written. There are many different kind of genres in literature, such as play, poetry or novels. Literature is important in everyday life it connects individuals truth and idea in a society. Literature is a learning tool for subjects including history, medicine, sociology and psychology. Robert Frost defined literature as “a performance in words”. Charles Bukowski said “without literature life is a hell”.

‘A More Glittering, a Grosser Power’: Fitzgerald and Film

Fitzgerald imports cross-stylistic features from the spheres of dance and music into his fiction, and this chapter shows how he also employs filmic technique in his short stories. Joseph Conrad’s Preface to The Nigger of the Narcissus was central to Fitzgerald’s fiction-writing credo, encouraging him to make his readers hear, feel, and see. His popular culture references lend themselves to this approach, but nowhere more so than in his references to film. This chapter uses ‘Magnetism’ as a case study, analysing the use of filmic techniques such as close-up, dream sequence, and soundtracking, and offers a reading of George Hannaford as a satiric metaphor for the motion picture industry, reflecting Fitzgerald’s own conflicted relationship with Hollywood. This relationship is also visible in the Pat Hobby stories, which have often been noted for their markedly different style. It is argued that this compressed style metafictively satirises Hobby’s voice, bringing to life the lackadaisical reticence of the industry veteran. This chapter argues that in the Pat Hobby stories Fitzgerald explores, through parody, the shortcomings and inherent potential of the film industry to combine artistic merit and commercial success, using it as a vehicle critically to explore leisure pursuits of the interwar period.