Who are the suicide reattempters?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S600-S600
Author(s):  
E. Gattoni ◽  
C. Gramaglia ◽  
C. Delicato ◽  
S. Di Marco ◽  
I. Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Competing Interest

BackgroundHistory of previous suicide attempts is one of the most important risk factors for a subsequent completed suicide. Suicide reattempters (SR) has been long associated with demographic and clinical risk factors for suicide, such as unemployment and psychiatric disorders, however a recent review of the literature has not supported a specific age and gender profile of SR, but rather underscored that, as far as diagnosis is concerned, SR were more likely to have a personality disorder. According to literature, 16%–34% of the subjects repeat a suicide attempt within the first 2 years after the previous one.AimThe purpose of our study was evaluating clinical and socio-demographic characteristics and the outcome of psychiatric consultation among subjects referring to an emergency room for recommitting a suicide attempt.MethodsWe considered a sample of SR aged > 16 years. We extracted data from the database including all patients requiring psychiatric evaluation in the emergency room, and eventually compared the features of SR and patients with a single suicide attempt. For each patient, we gathered socio-demographic features, psychiatric history and current clinical issues, suicidal intent and suicidal behaviors.ResultsData collection and statistical analyses are still ongoing. Preliminary results show that, compared to patients with a single suicide attempt, SR were more frequent female, unmarried, employed, with a low level of instruction; they had a psychiatric disease (axis I – anxiety disorder, somatoform disorder; axis II – histrionic personality disorder); they are under the care of mental health services and under psychopharmacological treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Suicide Attempts Among Depressed Inpatients with Depressive Disorder in a Malaysian Sample

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Chan ◽  
T. Maniam ◽  
A. S. Shamsul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Axis I ◽  
A Current

Background: Depressed inpatients constitute a high-risk population for suicide attempts. Aims: To describe the interactions of clinical and psychosocial risk factors influencing suicide attempts among a Malaysian sample of depressed inpatients. Methods: Seventy-five subjects were diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-CV). Data on suicide attempts, suicidal ideation (Scale for Suicidal Ideation, SSI), depression severity (Beck’s Depression Inventory, BDI), recent life-event changes (Social Readjustment Rating Scale, SRRS), sociodemographic and other relevant clinical factors were collected. Results: A third of the subjects presented after a current suicide attempt. Significant factors for a current suicide attempt were race, religion, recent life-event changes, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use disorder. Independent predictive risk factors for a current suicide attempt were Chinese race, recent marital separation, major mortgage or loans, and being newly diagnosed with depression. Any recent change in personal habits was shown to be a protective factor against current suicide attempt. Age and gender were nonsignificant factors. Conclusions: The findings are generally consistent with existing studies and highlight the role of psychosocial risk factors.

Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescence. Prevention and Early Intervention From a Cognitive Analytic Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S505-S505
Author(s):  
E. Gimeno ◽  
C. Chiclana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder begins in adolescence, however, its diagnosis is subject to some controversy and tends to be underdiagnosed. Stigma associated with its diagnosis, comorbidity with other axis I disorders or the changeable sense of identity during adolescence are some of the elements that obscure the diagnosis. Increasingly, recent studies have shown the utility of prevention programs as well as instituting early intervention in adolescents, with very hopeful outcomes.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to review the benefits derived from early prevention and intervention programs in adolescents with borderline symptoms from a cognitive analytic approach.MethodsA systematic review for scientific articles extracted from research databases including Dialnet, EBSCO, Pubmed, Unika and Scholar Google was conducted. Other high-impact studies in the field were also included.ResultsEvidence reported by reviewed articles supports Cognitive analytical therapy as one of the most successful approaches, the same as Mentalization based therapy, in the treatment of Borderline personality disorder. From this approach, prevention and early intervention have shown their effectiveness in reducing borderline symptoms and risk factors besides they contribute to interpersonal functioning improvement.ConclusionsPrevention and early intervention constitute the main pillars to prevent the potential development of Borderline personality disorder or its evolution in more complex and irreversible forms. But this intervention must be carried not only in young already diagnosed, but also in those who are on the diagnostic threshold, presenting risk factors for further development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Risk factors for attempted suicide: A prospective study on psychiatric consultations in the emergency room

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S606-S606
Author(s):  
A. Venesia ◽  
I. Coppola ◽  
C. Gramaglia ◽  
D. Marangon ◽  
S. Di Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Gender

IntroductionStudies conducted on Italian samples suggested that 70% of self-harms referred to the emergency room (ER) were suicide attempts. Suicide attempts are associated with societal, relationship and individual risk factors, which vary with age and gender, occur in combination, and may change over time. We conducted a previous study on a sample of psychiatric consultations in ER from 2008 to 2011. We observed that female gender, a permanent job and being in the warmer months of the year were risk factors for suicide attempts.AimTo update knowledge about risk factors for attempted suicide analyzing a larger sample of ER psychiatric consultations.MethodsDeterminants of emergency room visits for psychiatric reasons were studied prospectively in a period of 8 years, from 2008 to 2015 at the “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital in Novara. The psychiatric assessment of patients was performed by experienced psychiatrists with a clinical interview. For each patient, a data sheet was filled in order to gather demographic and clinical features. Comparison of qualitative data was performed by means of the Chi2 test while differences between groups for continuous variables were assessed through a t-test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. A multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression in order to assess the potential predictors of attempted suicide. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ConclusionsWe have collected data from more than 500 psychiatric consultations for attempted suicide. Data collection and statistical analyses are still ongoing. Implications will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Recurrence of Overdose Suicide Attempt Index: A Novel Scoring System for Predicting the Recurrence of Intentional Overdose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hirose ◽  
Daisuke Kasugai ◽  
Kousuke Tajima ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Shigeki Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Predictive Values

Abstract Aim: Repeated suicide attempts through intentional overdose are not infrequent, but little is known about the risk factors for intentional overdose. We aimed to investigate risk factors for the recurrence of intentional overdose within 1 year of discharge and to develop an index that predicts recurrence.Methods: This retrospective observational study included 419 patients admitted to our hospital between 2011 and 2018 because of an intentional overdose. Of them, 43 (10.0%) repeated an overdose within 1 year of discharge. The risk factors with the highest odds ratios in multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to develop an index Recurrence of Overdose Suicide Attempt. The predictive value of this index for recurrence was compared with that of the existing SAD PERSONS scale.Results: The following variables were significantly associated with recurrence and were included in the index: anxiety and/or insomnia at discharge; use of five or more psychotropic drugs; a neurotic, stress-related, or somatoform disorder; and female sex (odds ratios: 4.24; 5.52; 2.41; and 3.41, respectively). The newly developed index was a significantly better predictor of recurrence than the SAD PERSONS scale (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.797 vs. 0.668; p = 0.007). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for Recurrence of Overdose Suicide Attempt > 4 points (out of 6) were 72.1%, 75.8%, 25.4%, and 96.0%, respectively.Conclusion: The novel index can predict the recurrence of intentional overdose with a good negative predictive value and may therefore be a useful screening tool for this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Depression Diagnosis of Adolescents who Had Suicide Attempt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Nihal Eraslan ◽  
Rezzan Aydın Görücü ◽  
Mehmet Öztürk ◽  
Arzu Yılmaz ◽  
Medine Aysin Taşar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Dsm 5

Objective: Suicide attempts of adolescents have become one of the most common reasons among the admission to emergency departments for psychiatric reasons. The aim of this study is to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the diagnosis of depressive disorder and to assess the risk factors of adolescents who attempted suiside. Method: For this study, the patients that were admitted to Ankara Research and Training Hospital Emergency Department and were referred to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic due to suicide attempt between April 2018 and December 2018 were included. “Child Depression Inventory”, “Beck Depression Inventory “ and “Sociodemographic Data Form” were used for the study. It was also evaluated whether the patients were diagnosed with “Major Depressive Disorder” according to DSM-5 as a result of psychiatric examination. SPSS 24.0 was used in the analyzes. T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used where appropriate. Results: Out of 38 patients who attempted suicide, 92,1% (n=35) were female. It was found that 92.1% (n=35) of the cases attempted suicide by overdose drug intake. Approximately half of the cases (44.7% n=17) reported the reason for suicide as “familial stressors”. As a result of the psychiatric evaluation, 42.1% (n=16) of the cases were diagnosed with “Major Depressive Disorder” according to DSM-5. Conclusion: Comprehensive evaluation of individual and environmental factors in adolescents who attempted suicide is considered important to identify the risk factors. Moreover strengthening the professional psychosocial support systems about increasing coping skills, gaining problem-solving skills of adolescents and informing families about approach to adolescents are thought that may contribute to protective measures.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Adjustment Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Randolph Canterbury
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Summary: This retrospective study characterizes the suicidal behavior in 119 patients with Axis I adjustment disorders as assessed by psychiatrists at the University of Virginia Hospital. Results indicated that 72 patients (60.5%) had documented suicide attempts in the past, 96% had been suicidal during their admission to the hospital, and 50% had attempted suicide before their hospitalization. The most commonly used method of suicide attempts was overdosing. Of the sample group with suicide attempts in the past, 67% had Axis II diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Adjustment disorder diagnosis in patients with the suicide attempts was associated with a high level of suicidality at admission, involuntary hospitalization and substance-abuse disorders. Axis II diagnoses in patients with adjustment disorders constituted risk factors for further suicidal behavior. Additional future prospective studies with reliability checks on diagnosis of adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior are needed.

Attempted suicide attention at an emergency room: A hospital-based descriptive approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S603-S603
Author(s):  
D. Torres ◽  
G. Martinez-Ales ◽  
M. Quintana ◽  
V. Pastor ◽  
M.F. Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Medium Cost ◽  
Rule Out

IntroductionSuicide causes 1.4% of deaths worldwide. Twenty times more frequent, suicide attempts entail an important source of disability and of psychosocial and medical resources use.ObjectiveTo describe main socio-demographical and psychiatric risk factors of suicide attempters treated in a general hospital's emergency room basis.AimsTo identify individual features potentially useful to improve both emergency treatments and resource investment.MethodsA descriptive study including data from 2894 patients treated in a general hospital's emergency room after a suicidal attempt between years 2006 and 2014.ResultsSixty-nine percent of the population treated after an attempted suicide were women. Mean age was 38 years old. Sixty-six percent had familiar support; 48.5% had previously attempted a suicide (13% did not answer this point); 72.6% showed a personal history of psychiatric illness. Drug use was present in 38.3% of the patients (20.3% did not answer this question); 23.5% were admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Medium cost of a psychiatric hospitalization was found to be 4900 euros.ConclusionThis study results agree with previously reported data. Further observational studies are needed in order to bear out these findings, rule out potential confounders and thus infer and quantify causality related to each risk factor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Among African American Women Experiencing Recent Intimate Partner Violence

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martie P. Thompson ◽  
Nadine J. Kaslow ◽  
J. B. Kingree
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
American Women ◽  
Cumulative Risk Model ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

The purposes of this study were to identify risk factors for suicide attempts among 200 African American abused women (100 attempters, 100 nonattempters) and to test a cumulative risk model to determine if a woman’s likelihood of making a suicide attempt increased as the number of risk factors increased. Results revealed that attempters were significantly more likely than nonattempters to report high levels of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, drug abuse, and childhood abuse and neglect. Results from the cumulative risk model revealed a linear association between the number of risk factors and the odds of making a suicide attempt. Compared to women with no risk factors, women with two risk factors, women with three risk factors, and women with four to five risk factors were 10, 25, and 107 times, respectively, more likely to attempt suicide. The identification of risk variables highlights the importance of designing interventions to address these factors in order to reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in abused, African American women.

International research on social withdrawal

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S23
Author(s):  
A.R. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Depressive Personality

IntroductionSince the 1990s the term “Hikikomori” has emerged as a way to describe a modern form of severe social withdrawal first described in Japan. Recently, there have been increasing reports of Hikikomori around the globe.ObjectivesTo describe operationalized research criteria for Hikikomori, as well as epidemiologic, diagnostic, and psychosocial features of the Hikikomori in international settings.MethodsParticipants were recruited from sites in India, Japan, Korea, and the US. Hikikomori was defined as a six-month or longer period of spending almost all time at home and avoiding social situations and social relationships, associated with significant distress/impairment. Lifetime history of psychiatric diagnosis was determined by the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis-I and Axis-II Disorders. Additional measures included the Internet Addiction Test, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).ResultsThirty-six participants meeting diagnostic criteria for Hikikomori were identified, with cases detected in all four countries. Avoidant personality disorder (41%), major depressive disorder (32%), paranoid personality disorder (32%), social anxiety disorder (27%), posttraumatic stress disorder (27%), and depressive personality disorder (27%) were the most common diagnoses. Sixty-eight percent had at least two psychiatric diagnoses. Individuals with Hikikomori had high levels of loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale M = 55.4, SD = 10.5), limited social networks (LSNS-6 M = 9.7, SD = 5.5), and moderate functional impairment (SDS M = 16.5, SD = 7.9).ConclusionsHikikomori exists cross-nationally and can be assessed with a standardized assessment tool. Individuals with Hikikomori have substantial psychosocial impairment and disability, and a history of multiple psychiatric disorders is common.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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