Toxoplasma-Infected Subjects Report an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis More Often and Score Higher in Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flegr ◽  
J. Horáček
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serious Disease

AbstractBackgroundLatent toxoplasmosis, the life-long presence of dormant stages of Toxoplasma in immunoprivileged organs and of anamnestic IgG antibodies in blood, affects about 30% of humans. Infected subjects have an increased incidence of various disorders, including schizophrenia. Several studies, as well as the character of toxoplasmosis-associated disturbance of neurotransmitters, suggest that toxoplasmosis could also play an etiological role in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).MethodsThe aim of the present cross-sectional study performed on a population of 7471 volunteers was to confirm the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD, and toxoplasmosis and psychological symptoms of OCD estimated by the standard Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).ResultsIncidence of OCD was 2.18% (n = 39) in men and 2.28% (n = 83) in women. Subjects with toxoplasmosis had about a 2.5 times higher odds of OCD and about a 2.7 times higher odds of learning disabilities. The incidence of 18 other neuropsychiatric disorders did not differ between Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects. The infected subjects, even the OCD-free subjects, scored higher on the OCI-R.Limitations: Examined subjects provided the information about their toxoplasmosis and OCD statuses themselves, which could result in underrating the strength of observed associations.ConclusionsThe results confirmed earlier reports of the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD. They also support recent claims that latent toxoplasmosis is in fact a serious disease with many impacts on quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Symmetry Dimension in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Severity and Clinical Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Aline P. Vellozo ◽  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Ricardo C. Torresan ◽  
Roseli G. Shavitt ◽  
Ygor A. Ferrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Axis I

Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a very heterogeneous condition that frequently includes symptoms of the “symmetry dimension” (i.e., obsessions and/or compulsions of symmetry, ordering, repetition, and counting), along with aggressive, sexual/religious, contamination/cleaning, and hoarding dimensions. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and demographic and clinical correlates of the symmetry dimension among 1001 outpatients from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. The main assessment instruments used were the Dimensional Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, the USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, Student’s t-tests, and Mann–Whitney tests were used in the bivariate analyses to compare patients with and without symptoms of the symmetry dimension. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals and Cohen’s D were also calculated as effect size measures. Finally, a logistic regression was performed to control for confounders. Results: The symmetry dimension was highly prevalent (86.8%) in this large clinical sample and, in the logistic regression, it remained associated with earlier onset of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, insidious onset of compulsions, more severe depressive symptoms, and presence of sensory phenomena. Conclusions: A deeper knowledge about specific OCD dimensions is essential for a better understanding and management of this complex and multifaceted disorder.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of internalised stigma and medication adherence in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. e100180
Author(s):  
Eram Ansari ◽  
Sudha Mishra ◽  
Adarsh Tripathi ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Pronob Kumar Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Current Medication

BackgroundPatients suffering from psychiatric disorders tend to stigmatise themselves which had been linked to poor adherence to treatment.AimsThe aim of the present study was to study internalised stigma and medication adherence and to assess the relationship between them in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients diagnosed with OCD who were attending the Out-patient's department at Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Internalised stigma and current medication adherence were assessed with Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale, respectively. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to assess the current severity of OCD symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical details were also obtained from the patients by using a semistructured sociodemographic proforma.ResultsMost of the patients reported moderate level of internalised stigma with a mean ISMI score of 77.98 (10.82). Most of the patients were compliant while 41.96% reported poor medication adherence. Internalised stigma was negatively correlated with the current medication adherence. Current severity of OCD symptoms also showed a significant positive correlation with internalised stigma and a significant negative correlation with medication adherence.ConclusionHigh levels of internalised stigma were associated with lower adherence to treatment which suggests that internalised stigma may be a very important factor influencing medication adherence in patients with OCD.

Low hair cortisol concentrations in obsessive compulsive disorder: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Elli Koumantarou Malisiova ◽  
Iraklis Mourikis ◽  
Thodoris Chalimourdas ◽  
Nikolaos Nianiakas ◽  
Maria Michou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of sociodemographic profile, disability and family burden in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Rajmal Meena ◽  
Mithlesh Khinchi ◽  
Omesh K. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity Scale ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Mental Acts

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of obsessions (intrusive and unwanted repetitive thoughts, urges, or impulses that often lead to a marked increase in anxiety or distress) and/ or compulsions (repeated behaviours or mental acts that are done in response to obsessions). OCD patients report general impairment in their functioning and family burden. They also suffer from disability in several areas of daily life.Methods: This study has a cross-sectional design, and author included total 200 consecutive selected OCD patients diagnosed according to International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10.Results: Most of respondent included in this study were married male (74%), belonged to Hindu religion and urban background (68%) with mean age of 33 year (SD=9.91), 88% subjects were found to be employed in this study, educated middle standard and above. In this study, maximum disability was noted in domains of work (mean score 1.10) and communication and understanding (mean score 0.70), the impairment in interpersonal activity was lesser (mean score 0.34). The domain in which the maximum burden was found among family members is disruption of routine/ family activities overall (52%).Conclusions: The study aimed at assessing the burden in families and disability in subjects having OCD. Subjects were of either sex having age 16 and above. All subjects were assessed using following structured clinical instruments, Yale-brown symptom check list, Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive symptom severity scale, family burden interview, and Indian disability evaluation and assessment scale. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among Iraqi undergraduate medical students in time of COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher ◽  
Shaymaa Abdul Lateef Al-fadhul ◽  
Ali A. Abutiheen ◽  
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi ◽  
Naeem Shami Abood
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental Symptoms

Abstract Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental disorder affecting millions of people. Its onset and peak are during late teens making university students a priority target. Medical student perhaps is at greater risk for developing OCD while corona COVID-19 is expected to more exaggerate symptoms mainly with extra hygiene and cleanliness practices. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of OCD symptoms among Iraqi medical students, and to assess the associated psychological symptoms and its correlates. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among Iraqi medical students during the period from August to October 2020. An online anonymous, voluntary, and self-administered questionnaire based on the 18 questions Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scale (OCI-R) was used to collect the data. Results A total of 1644 students had filled the questionnaire. Females were 1116 (67.9%), while 1153 (70.1%) had reported accompanying mental symptoms. Of which worry and stress were the most prevalent with 674 (25.9%) and 617 (23.7%) respectively. However, 707 (43%) have probable OCD symptoms that need further assessment. Unpleasant thoughts were the most prevalent symptoms with 51.8%. Surprisingly, the washing and contamination scales were low at 14% and 19.4% while repeating certain numbers was the least with 8%. OCD symptoms were significantly related to younger age and earlier years of study. Further, all accompanied mental symptoms were significantly associated with probable OCD status. Conclusion High prevalence of OCD among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. No association of OCD with gender and family history. Younger students and early years of study were more likely to suffer from OCD symptoms.

scholarly journals Frequency of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Its Patterns in Families of Children with OCD in Rafsanjan, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Agha Mohammad Hasani ◽  
Mohammadreza Mokhtaree ◽  
Mohammad Nazer ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the common psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents that can be created by both genetic and environmental factors. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of OCD and its patterns in families with OCD children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 children and adolescents with OCD who were referred to the Psychology Clinic of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2016 were enrolled by a convenience sampling method. The research tool was an obsessive-compulsive questionnaire (children form), and interviews were also carried out with the patients to find the deterioration of the symptoms in them and/or their families. Data were presented and analyzed by mean ± SD, frequency, and Chi-square test. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: The highest frequency of OCD patterns was washing, Checking, and doubt. 36.7% of fathers and 56.1% of mothers had one of obsessive-compulsive disorder patterns. Meanwhile, the most common pattern observed in the parents was cleaning. In total, 79.6% of the paternal families and 87.7% of the maternal families of the patients had OCD. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed in the levels of OCD between children and mothers (P = 0.027), whereas no significant association was detected between the OCD of children and that of their parents. Conclusions: Family history (especially maternal family) plays a significant role in OCD development, which is indicative of the transmission pattern of multifactorial traits, while the heritability of OCD is still not determined.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of the phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7572-7576
Author(s):  
Sivabalan E ◽  
Amritha Prasad ◽  
Thirunavukarasu M
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
Social Demographic

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinical syndrome whose hallmarks are excessive, anxiety-evoking thoughts and compulsive behaviours that are generally recognised as unreasonable, but which cause significant distress and impairment. Heterogeneous nature of OCD presentation makes its conceptualisation as a complicated one. Phenomenological studies are needed to understand various heterogeneity OCD. This study is intended to see various phenomenological subtypes of OCD in the local population. This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Two hundred consecutive OCD patients attending psychiatry OPD analysed for the various social-demographic features and phenomenological findings. In our study, 48% of the sample had only obsessions, 19% had only compulsions, while 33% had a mixed presentation, studying the subtypes, the study revealed that 36.5% of the sample who presented with fear of contamination and 11.5 % samples have an aggressive obsession and another 11.5 % samples have symmetry obsession. 28% had contamination obsessions, 9% had sexual obsessions, 7% had somatic obsessions while 9% had religious obsessions, and 6% had various types of obsessions. When compulsion was assessed, it was found to be checking 28(77.8%), cleaning 25 (69%), repeating 18(50%), counting 6(16%), ordering 4 (11%), collecting 4(11%) and miscellaneous 15(42%) when subtyped. Studying the phenomenological pattern in OCD patient would help in better understanding of the illness of the patients, it also tries to attempt the relationship between sociocultural issues and OCD. Though the neurobiology is similar in all individuals, phenomenology differs between individuals concerning gender, religion and culture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document