The impact of trait emotional intelligence and resilience on suicidal behavior in university students

IntroductionSuicidal ideation has repeatedly been reported as a predecessor of suicidal behavior. Several neuropsychological parameters have been associated with suicidal ideation. Emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience, which play an important role in the emergence of psychiatric disorders may also be related with suicidality.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of trait EI and resilience with suicidal ideation. Moreover, we hypothesized that EI and resilience would be correlated with each other and that they were moderating variables between stressful life events and suicidal ideation.MethodsA total of 277 male and female students without current psychiatric diseases were recruited per online questionnaire asking for lifetime and 4-weeks suicidal ideation and demographic data and containing the Resilience Scale of Wagnild and Young, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and, for the measurement of trait EI, the Self-Report Emotional Ability Scale. Additionally, we applied the Social Readjustment Rating Scale to assess stressful life events.ResultsWe found significant negative correlations between lifetime and in part 4-weeks suicidal ideation and intrapersonal trait EI as well as resilience. Trait EI and resilience were interrelated. There was no significant moderating effect of trait EI or resilience on the relationship between SRRS score and suicidality.ConclusionAssessing EI and resilience as trait factors might be helpful in the prospective identification of suicidal individuals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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The impact of stressful life events on risk of relapse in women with multiple sclerosis: A prospective study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.06.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Charalampos I. Mitsonis ◽

Iannis M. Zervas ◽

Panagiotis A. Mitropoulos ◽

Nikolaos P. Dimopoulos ◽

Constantin R. Soldatos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

General Relation ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Self Report ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

The Impact

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were first, to examine the general relation between stressful life events (SLEs) and clinical relapses in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and second, to investigate the relations of the specific stressor attributes of duration, type, and severity on MS exacerbations.MethodsTwenty six ambulating women with relapsing-remitting MS were followed-up for a mean of 56.3 weeks. Patients documented SLEs weekly in self report diaries which were then collected at regular pre-scheduled clinic visits every 4 weeks. SLEs were classified as short-term if they had subjectively no lasting effect and long-term if they had a subjectively felt psychological impact that lasted at least 10–14 days after the event. The severity of SLEs was determined using the Recent Life Change Questionnaire.ResultsExperiencing three or more SLEs, during a 4-week period, was associated with a 5-fold increase of MS relapse rate (95% CI 1.7–16.4, p = 0.003). The presence of at least one long-term SLE was associated with three times (95% CI 1.01–9.13, p < 0.05) the rate of MS exacerbation during the following 4 weeks. There was no significant association between the severity (95% CI 0.99–1.01, p > 0.05) or the type (χ2 = 7.29, df = 5, p > 0.05) of stressor and the risk for relapse.ConclusionAmbulatory women with relapsing-remitting MS who experience cumulative SLEs may be at a greater risk for relapse. Duration is the only stress attribute that seems to increase the risk for relapsing in contrast to stress type and stress severity that were not found to interact with MS exacerbation.

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The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association Between Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Behavior

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Balpreet Panesar ◽

Tea Rosic ◽

Myanca Rodrigues ◽

Nitika Sanger ◽

Natasha Baptist-Mohseni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Life Events ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Suicide Intent ◽

The Relationship

Background: Suicide is a serious public health concern for which there have been well-established protective and risk factors reported in literature. There is a lack of evidence on the indirect effects of other variables on these factors. Specifically, the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior may be affected by perceived social support, but its role in this association is largely uninvestigated.Objectives: Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior. Perceived social support will be explored as a mediator and as a moderator in this association.Methods: Data were obtained from the Determinants of Suicidal Behavior Conventional and Emergent Risk (DISCOVER), a study conducted to identify risk factors of suicidal behavior. The study participants are individuals with suicide attempts admitted to hospital. Participants (n = 343) were recruited from hospital setting. Suicidal behavior was measured using two outcomes (1) the occurrence of a suicide attempt (2) level of suicide intent as measured by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. Perceived social support was measured using the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire.Results: Stressful life events were significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.440, 1.682, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (B −0.785, 95% CI −1.501, −0.068, p = 0.032). There was no significant mediation effect by perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicide attempts (Sobel's test statistic 1.64, p = 0.100). Perceived social support did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and suicide attempts [(OR 1.007, 95% CI 0.987, 1.027, p = 0.514] or the relationship between stressful life events and level of suicidal intent (B −0.043, 95% CI −0.132, 0.046, p = 0.343).Conclusion: Stressful life events are associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. The study also identified an inverse relationship between stressful life events and perceived social support. These associations were independent of perceived social support. This study highlights the effects of stressful life events on suicide risk is not affected by perceived social support, requiring further investigation into measures to reduce the impact of social stressors on people with risk of suicide.

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Positive Mental Health, Stressful Life Events, and Suicide Ideation

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Julia Brailovskaia ◽

Tobias Teismann ◽

Jürgen Margraf

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Self Report ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: Stressful life events and suicide ideation regularly occur together. Yet, little is known about factors that buffer individuals against the development of suicide ideation. Aim: In a long-term follow-up study design, it was investigated whether positive mental health, that is, high levels of subjective and psychological well-being, buffers the association between stressful life events and suicide ideation. Method: A total of 126 German students (80.2% female; age: M = 24.29, SD = 5.21) were assessed at a baseline evaluation and again 24 months later. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Results: Linear hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Positive mental health was considered to moderate the impact of stressful life events on suicide ideation – controlling for age and gender. Limitations: Current results are limited to university students. Conclusions: Positive mental health interacts with stressful life events, such that those with high levels of positive mental health show an attenuated increase in suicide ideation at elevated levels of stress. Positive mental health seems to confer resilience and should be focused on in counseling centers for students.

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The Impact of Stressful Life Events and Social Support on Drinking among Older Adults: A General Population Survey

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/f6g4-xlv3-5kw6-vmba ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 99-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Karen M. Jennison

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

National Sample ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Stress Buffering ◽

The Impact

This article is an analysis of stressful life events, the buffering hypothesis, and alcohol use in a national sample of 1,418 respondents 60 years of age and over. The results indicate that older adults who experience stressful losses are significantly more likely to drink excessively than those who have not experienced such losses or who have experienced them to a lesser extent. Increased drinking among older adults may therefore be a reaction to life circumstances in which alcohol represents an attempt to cope with traumatic loss, personal as well as within the kinship network. Supportive resources of spouse, family, friends, and church appear to have a stress-buffering effects that reduces the excessive-drinking response to life crisis. Data suggest, however, that older persons are vulnerable to the magnitude of losses experienced as they grow older and lose more of their family, friends, and peers. These stressors appear to seriously impact their drinking behavior and are not effectively buffered. Respondents report that drinking may increase during periods of prolonged exposure to emotionally depleting life change and loss, when supportive needs may exceed the capacities of personal and social support resources.

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Longitudinal investigation of the role of temperament and stressful life events in childhood anxiety

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579413000989 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 437-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Suzanne Broeren ◽

Carol Newall ◽

Helen F. Dodd ◽

Ruth Locker ◽

Jennifer L. Hudson

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Childhood Anxiety ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Positive Behavior ◽

Stressful Life ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe current study investigated the longitudinal relationships among behavioral inhibition (BI), life events, and anxiety in a sample of 102 BI children and 100 behaviorally uninhibited (BUI) children aged 3 to 4 years. Children's parents completed questionnaires on BI, stressful life events, and anxiety symptoms, and were administered a diagnostic interview three times in a 5-year period. In line with our hypotheses, negative life events, particularly negative behavior-dependent life events (i.e., life events that are related to the children's own behaviors), and the impact of negative life events were predictive of increases in subsequent anxiety symptoms, the likelihood of having an anxiety disorder, and increased number of anxiety diagnoses over the 5-year follow-up period. Experiencing more positive, behavior-independent life events decreased the risk of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Furthermore, differences were found in life events between BI and BUI children. That is, BI children experienced fewer positive and specifically positive behavior-dependent life events, and the impact of these positive life events was also lower in BI children than in BUI children. However, BI did not interact with life events in the prediction of anxiety problems as hypothesized. Therefore, this study seems to indicate that BI and life events act as additive risk factors in the development of anxiety problems.

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The Impact of Stressful Life Events on Excessive Alcohol Consumption in the French Population: Findings from the GAZEL Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0087653 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e87653 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sara L. Tamers ◽

Cassandra Okechukwu ◽

Alex A. Bohl ◽

Alice Guéguen ◽

Marcel Goldberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

French Population ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

The Impact

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Ex post-facto study of long-term stress in a sample of adoptees

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.1.184541 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Amelia Díaz ◽

Eugenia Infanzón ◽

Ángela Beleña

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Spanish Civil War ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Adoption Process ◽

Posttraumatic Symptoms ◽

Ex Post ◽

Ex Post Facto ◽

Ex Post Facto Study ◽

The Impact

In this work we study the impact of relinquishment and the adoption process in posttraumatic symptoms and stressful life events in a group of 55 adults that were adopted as children after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The effects of institutionalization, maltreatment and traumatic revelation of the adopted status have also been studied. No significant differences were found between institutionalized and non-institutionalized adoptees in posttraumatic symptomatology and stressful life events frequency. However, maltreated adoptees scored significantly higher in intrusion, arousal and stressful life events frequency than non-maltreated. Similar differences were found in the comparison between adoptees with and without traumatic revelation; those adoptees who suffered traumatic revelation presented significantly higher intrusion, arousal and stressful life events frequency than those who did not suffer traumatic revelation. Traumatic revelation, alone or in association with maltreatment, seems to play an important role in posttraumatic symptoms in the sample studied.

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Follower emotional intelligence

Personnel Review ◽

10.1108/pr-09-2017-0285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 1239-1260

Author(s):

J. Irudhaya Rajesh ◽

Verma Prikshat ◽

Paul Shum ◽

L. Suganthi

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Self Report ◽

Content Type ◽

Proposed Model ◽

One Step ◽

Cognitive Speed ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of transformational leadership (TL) on follower emotional intelligence (EI) and examine the potential mediation role played by follower EI in the relationship between TL and follower outcomes (i.e. growth satisfaction in the job and job stress (JS)). Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained through survey using questionnaire collected from 908 employees who worked across six different sectors, i.e. manufacturing, IT, healthcare, hospitality, educational and public services in Southern India. The mediation model proposed in this study was tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method. Findings The relationship between TL and Follower EI was significant. Follower EI was found to partially mediate the relationship between TL and followers’ growth satisfaction in job. Contrary to expectations, the follower EI did not significantly predict JS in this study and hence the follower EI did not mediate in the proposed model. However, follower EI and growth satisfaction in the job jointly mediated the relationship between TL and follower JS fully. Research limitations/implications Self-report bias about supervisors’ TL behaviours and followers’ own EI assessment and collection of data from the mono-source (subordinate self-report) might have impacted the results of this study. Moreover, some items were negatively worded and reverse coded as cognitive speed bumps to restrain the respondent’s tendency to rush through answering the survey questionnaire. Practical implications This study established a partial and joint mediation of follower EI on the relationship between TL and follower outcomes. Basing on these findings, this study highlights the need for the practitioners to better understand the importance of EI training for the leaders in the organisations for obtaining better outcomes in the followers. Social implications The study establishes the fact that the attunement of transformational leaders’ EI and follower EI help leaders as well as followers to guide their behaviour towards positive outcomes. Originality/value This study is among the first to examine the impact of TL on follower EI and the potential mediation of follower EI between TL and follower outcomes. From a theoretical perspective, this study is one step closer to fully understand the intervening process between TL and follower outcomes.

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