Transforming labor requirement, crop yield, and profitability with precision dry-direct seeding of rice and integrated weed management in Eastern India

A 4-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the merits of combining cultural and chemical controls to manage foxtail barley in reduced-tillage systems. Factors studied were crop row spacing, seeding rate, and application rate and timing of glyphosate within a spring wheat-flax cropping sequence. Glyphosate applied preseeding at 400 or 800 g/ha killed foxtail barley seedlings but only suppressed established perennial plants. Glyphosate applied postharvest at 800 g/ha killed 60 to 70% of established plants. Combinations of preseeding and postharvest glyphosate gave the greatest reductions in foxtail barley biomass and seed production and resulted in the greatest increases in crop yield. Including flax in the rotation allowed use of grass herbicides such as quizalofop or sethoxydim that effectively controlled foxtail barley seedlings and provided some suppression of perennial plants. An increase in wheat seeding rate from 75 to 115 kg/ha reduced foxtail barley growth and increased wheat yield in 3 of 4 yr. Increasing the flax seeding rate from 40 to 80 kg/ha or reducing wheat and flax row spacing from 30 to 20 cm provided little benefit in managing foxtail barley or increasing crop yield. A multiyear approach combining agronomic practices and timely use of herbicides should allow growers to effectively manage foxtail barley in annual cropping systems using conservation tillage.

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Influence of Weed Management Practices and Crop Rotation on Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed Population Dynamics and Crop Yield

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-06-187.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 508-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Vince M. Davis ◽

Kevin D. Gibson ◽

Thomas T. Bauman ◽

Stephen C. Weller ◽

William G. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Plant Density ◽

Management Systems ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Rapid Decline

Horseweed is an increasingly problematic weed in soybean because of the frequent occurrence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of crop rotation, winter wheat cover crops (WWCC), residual nonglyphosate herbicides, and preplant herbicide application timing on the population dynamics of GR horseweed and crop yield. A field study was conducted at a site with a moderate infestation of GR horseweed (approximately 1 plant m−2) with crop rotation (soybean–corn or soybean–soybean) as main plots and management systems as subplots. Management systems were evaluated by quantifying horseweed plant density, seedbank density, and crop yield. Crop rotation did not influence in-field horseweed or seedbank densities at any data census timing. Preplant herbicides applied in the spring were more effective at reducing horseweed plant densities than when applied in the previous fall. Spring-applied, residual herbicide systems were the most effective at reducing season long horseweed densities and protecting crop yield because horseweed in this region behaves primarily as a summer annual weed. Horseweed seedbank densities declined rapidly in the soil by an average of 76% for all systems over the first 10 mo before new seed rain. Despite rapid decline in total seedbank density, seed for GR biotypes remained in the seedbank for at least 2 yr. Therefore, to reduce the presence of GR horseweed biotypes in a local no-till weed flora, integrated weed management (IWM) systems should be developed to reduce total horseweed populations based on the knowledge that seed for GR biotypes are as persistent in the seed bank as glyphosate-sensitive (GS) biotypes.

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Integrated Weed Management for Large Scale Direct Seeding Hybrid Rice Cultivation at Irrigated Land in Indonesia

International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.20431/2454-6224.0509003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Integrated Weed Management

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Evaluating the Competitive Ability of Semileafless Field Pea Cultivars

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00113.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cory E. Jacob ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

Miles F. Dyck ◽

Christian J. Willenborg

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Pea ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Western Canada ◽

Cultivar Selection

The inclusion of competitive crop cultivars in crop rotations is an important integrated weed management (IWM) tool. However, competitiveness is often not considered a priority for breeding or cultivar selection by growers. Field pea (Pisum sativumL.) is often considered a poor competitor with weeds, but it is not known whether competitiveness varies among semileafless cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine if semileafless field pea cultivars vary in their ability to compete and/or withstand competition, as well as to identify aboveground trait(s) that may be associated with increased competitive ability. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at three locations in western Canada. Fourteen semileafless field pea cultivars were included in the study representing four different market classes. Cultivars were grown either in the presence or absence of model weeds (wheat and canola), and competitive ability of the cultivars was determined based on their ability to withstand competition (AWC) and their ability to compete (AC). Crop yield, weed biomass and weed fecundity varied among sites but not years. Cultivars exhibited inconsistent differences in competitive ability, although cv. Reward consistently exhibited the lowest AC and AWC. None of the traits measured in this study correlated highly with competitive ability. However, the highest-yielding cultivars generally were those that had the highest AC, whereas cultivars that ranked highest for AWC were associated with lower weed fecundity. Ranking the competitive ability of field pea cultivars could be an important IWM tool for growers and agronomists.

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Combining agronomic practices and herbicides improves weed management in wheat–canola rotations within zero-tillage production systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-04-211r ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 528-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Robert E. Blackshaw ◽

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Louis J. Molnar ◽

Toby Entz ◽

James R. Moyer

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Spring Canola ◽

Crop Seed

Development of more comprehensive and cost-effective integrated weed management systems is required to facilitate greater integrated weed management adoption by farmers. A field experiment was conducted at two locations to determine the combined effects of seed date (April or May), seed rate (recommended or 150% of recommended), fertilizer timing (applied in fall or spring), and in-crop herbicide dose (50% or 100% of recommended) on weed growth and crop yield. This factorial set of treatments was applied in four consecutive years within a spring wheat–spring canola–spring wheat–spring canola rotation in a zero-till production system. Both wheat and canola phases of the rotation were grown each year. Weed biomass was often lower with May than with April seeding because more weeds were controlled with preplant glyphosate. However, despite fewer weeds being present with May seeding, wheat yield was only greater in 1 of 7 site-years, and canola yield was never greater with May compared with April seeding. Higher crop seed rates had a consistently positive effect on reducing weed growth and the weed seedbank. Crop yield was sometimes greater, and never lower, with higher seed rates. Fertilizer timing did not have a large effect on crop yield, but applying N in the spring compared with fall was less favorable for weeds as indicated by lower weed biomass and a 20% decrease in the weed seedbank. In-crop herbicides applied at 50% compared with 100% doses often resulted in similar weed biomass and crop yield, especially when higher crop seed rates were used. Indeed, the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4-yr experiment was not greater with the 50% compared with 100% herbicide dose at one of two locations. This study demonstrates the combined merits of early seeding (April), higher crop seed rates, and spring-applied fertilizer in conjunction with timely but limited herbicide use to manage weeds and maintain high crop yields in rotations containing wheat and canola.

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Cauliflower Cultivars Associated with Urochloa decumbens Straw Mulch in Integrated Weed Management

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A.C.S. HIRATA ◽

E.K. HIRATA ◽

A.B. RÓS ◽

N. NARITA

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

High Control

ABSTRACT: In vegetable farming, the reduction in the use of herbicides has been an important factor in the definition of the production system. The objective of this research was to evaluate crop yield of cauliflower cultivars grown on Urochloa decumbens straw mulch, as well as the effect of the association between straw and cultivars on weed management. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme: two managements (with or without U. decumbens straw mulch) and four cauliflower cultivars (Barcelona, Bromus, Júlia and Lisblanc). The experiment used a randomized block design with four replicates. There was no interference of straw mulch on crop yield of cauliflower cultivars. Hybrids Barcelona and Júlia presented yields of 22.0 and 23.9 t ha-1, respectively, and they did not differ from each other. The Bromus and Lisblanc materials did not adapt to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, which resulted in reduced cultural control and high weed emergence after weeding. U. decumbens straw had high control of the weed community (581.2 pls m-2 - without straw and 8.3 pls m-2 - with straw). It is concluded that the U. decumbens straw as mulch is an effective tool in integrated management of weeds in cauliflower crops, without interfering with crop yield, and its potential to control weed community density is approximately 98.6%, at 22 days after transplanting. The adaptability of the cauliflower cultivar to the region has a high impact on weed management.

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Spring Wheat, Canola, and Sunflower Response to Persian Darnel (Lolium persicum) Interference

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-056r ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 509-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Johnathon D. Holman ◽

Alvin J. Bussan ◽

Bruce D. Maxwell ◽

Perry R. Miller ◽

James A. Mickelson

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Crop Density ◽

The Impact ◽

Number Of Branches

Integrated weed management practices, such as crop rotation and increased seeding rates, potentially improve weed management. Yet, few studies compare competitive interactions of weeds with different crops. This research quantified the impact of Persian darnel on spring wheat, canola, and sunflower yield across different seeding rates. Increasing crop density increased yield when Persian darnel affected crop yield early in physiological development. Crop yield loss was estimated to reach 83, 70, and 57% for spring wheat, canola, and sunflower, respectively, at high Persian darnel densities. Persian darnel reduced spring wheat yield by limiting the number of tillers per plant and seed per tiller; reduced canola yield by limiting the number of branches per plant, pods per branch, and seed per pod; and reduced sunflower yield by limiting the number of seed per plant. Persian darnel affected crop growth early in physiological development, indicating that interspecific interference occurred early in the growing season. Cultural and resource management aimed at reducing Persian darnel impact on resource availability and crop yield components will reduce Persian darnel impact on crop yield.

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Combate de coyolillo (Cyperus rotundus) en caña de azúcar (Saccharum off'icinarum L.): hacia un manejo integral.

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/am.v8i2.24668 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Carlos Segura N. ◽

Renán Agüero A.

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Production Cost ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

History Of Agriculture ◽

History Of ◽

Tillage Treatment

Weed control is an important component of the production cost of sugarcane thus, it should be performed in a rational manner. The history of agriculture is rich i examples that confirm the integrated weed management(IWM) strategy as the most sustainable. An experiment comparing herbicides herbicides-tillage, tillage, and band control against whole area control was conductedin a field with ahistory ofhigh infestations of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Pyrazosulfuron-etil preemergence to the crop folIowed by 2,4-D postemergence to the crop showed a population of the weed similar to the glyphosate/tillage treatment as well as to the tillage/tillage treatment, in alI cases, significantly lower than the weedy check. Weed control over the whole area was equivalent to weed control in bands of 25 cm to each side of the crop rows in terms of crop yield. Other alternatives that might be used as part of an integrated weed management in conjunction with the best treatments found in this experiment are discussed.

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The Critical Period for Weed Control: Revisiting Data Analysis

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-14-00035.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (SP1) ◽

pp. 188-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽

Avishek Datta

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Weed Control ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Critical Period ◽

The United States ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Yield Losses

There is an ever-larger need for designing an integrated weed management (IWM) program largely because of the increase in glyphosate-resistant weeds, not only in the United States but also worldwide. An IWM program involves a combination of various methods (cultural, mechanical, biological, genetic, and chemical) for effective and economical weed control (Swanton and Weise 1991). One of the first steps in designing an IWM program is to identify thecritical period for weed control(CPWC), defined as a period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent crop yield losses (Zimdahl 1988).

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Effects of fertility amendments on weed growth and weed–crop competition: a review

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Neith G. Little ◽

Antonio DiTommaso ◽

Anna S. Westbrook ◽

Quirine M. Ketterings ◽

Charles L. Mohler

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Field Studies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Nutrient Ratios ◽

Crop Competition

Abstract Macronutrient inputs to annual cropping systems can benefit weeds as well as crops, sometimes decreasing or eliminating the benefits of fertilization. This interaction between fertility management and integrated weed management is becoming increasingly important as these fields increase their focus on efficiency and prevention, respectively. The risk of increased weed competition reflects the fact that weed biomass and height may be highly responsive to nitrogen, phosphorus, and/or potassium. This generalization is supported by monoculture studies of species such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] and by ecological theory. However, field studies indicate variation in the effects of macronutrients on weed–crop competition and crop yield, even within species groups. To address challenges in interpreting, comparing, and extrapolating from these diverse reports, we propose a conceptual framework that summarizes the mechanisms underlying observed variation within and between studies. This framework highlights functional traits and trends that help predict yield outcomes in binary weed–crop interactions. Important factors include timing of emergence, maximum heights of the weed and crop, and relative responsiveness to the added nutrient. We also survey recent work on the effects of nutrient source (e.g., the composition of organic amendments) on weed–crop competition. Because different sources vary in their nutrient release dynamics and supplied nutrient ratios, they may have dramatically different effects on weed–crop competition and crop yield. Finally, we offer a guide to best practices for studies of fertility effects on weed–crop competition. Although this review highlights several topics requiring further research, including fertility effects on multispecies interactions and interactions with other environmental factors, emerging methods offer considerable promise. Ultimately, an improved understanding of nutrient effects on weed–crop competition will contribute to the efficient and effective management of diverse cropping systems.

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