Wheat breeding in China over the past 80 years has increased grain zinc but decreased grain iron concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 108253
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Jingli Ma ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Lina Jiang ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grain Zinc

scholarly journals Identification of Genetic Loci and Candidate Genes Related to Grain Zinc and Iron Concentration Using a Zinc-Enriched Wheat ‘Zinc-Shakti’

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagenahalli Dharmegowda Rathan ◽  
Deepmala Sehgal ◽  
Karthikeyan Thiyagarajan ◽  
Ravi Singh ◽  
Anju-Mahendru Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Pleiotropic Qtl ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Yield Trials

The development of nutritionally enhanced wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with higher levels of grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) offers a sustainable solution to micronutrient deficiency among resource-poor wheat consumers. One hundred and ninety recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from ‘Kachu’ × ‘Zinc-Shakti’ cross were phenotyped for grain Fe and Zn concentrations and phenological and agronomically important traits at Ciudad Obregon, Mexico in the 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020 growing seasons and Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) molecular marker data were used to determine genomic regions controlling grain micronutrients and agronomic traits. We identified seven new pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain Zn and Fe on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 6A, and 7D. The stable pleiotropic QTL identified have expanded the diversity of QTL that could be used in breeding for wheat biofortification. Nine RILs with the best combination of pleiotropic QTL for Zn and Fe have been identified to be used in future crossing programs and to be screened in elite yield trials before releasing as biofortified varieties. In silico analysis revealed several candidate genes underlying QTL, including those belonging to the families of the transporters and kinases known to transport small peptides and minerals (thus assisting mineral uptake) and catalyzing phosphorylation processes, respectively.

scholarly journals Advances in Wheat and Pathogen Genomics: Implications for Disease Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Keller ◽  
Thomas Wicker ◽  
Simon G. Krattinger
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Disease Resistance Breeding ◽  
Near Future ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Made In

The gene pool of wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives contains a plethora of resistance genes that can be exploited to make wheat more resilient to pathogens. Only a few of these genes have been isolated and studied at the molecular level. In recent years, we have seen a shift from classical breeding to genomics-assisted breeding, which makes use of the enormous advancements in DNA sequencing and high-throughput molecular marker technologies for wheat improvement. These genomic advancements have the potential to transform wheat breeding in the near future and to significantly increase the speed and precision at which new cultivars can be bred. This review highlights the genomic improvements that have been made in wheat and its pathogens over the past years and discusses their implications for disease-resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Elevated and variable groundwater iron in rural northwestern Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Merrill ◽  
Alain B. Labrique ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Kerry Schulze ◽  
Parul Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Variation Range ◽  
Northwestern Bangladesh ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Few Data

Over the past 30 years, tubewells have become a ubiquitous source of potable groundwater in South Asia. Considered safer than surface water, groundwater naturally contains minerals that may impact human health; however, few data exist on tubewell water mineral content or its association with human nutritional or health conditions. We surveyed iron concentration in tubewell water across a 435 km2, contiguous, rural area in northwestern Bangladesh to map and quantify levels of iron in drinking water. One tubewell was randomly sampled from each of 948 adjacent grid cells 675 m2 in size. Water sampling was standardized and iron concentration measured using a field-based colorimetric kit. The median (interquartile range) concentration of iron in tubewell water was 7.6 (1.6, 17.6) mg l−1. There was high geographic variation (range of 0–46.5 mg l−1), and iron in only 3% of surveyed tubewells fell below the WHO aesthetic cut-off of 0.3 mg l−1 suggesting elevated levels of iron throughout the area. Villagers accurately perceived groundwater iron concentration, based on a 4-point (‘none’, ‘a little’, ‘medium’, ‘a lot’) scale (p<0.001). Water source iron content can be readily quantified in population settings offering the potential to evaluate the health relevance of groundwater iron exposure in rural communities.

scholarly journals Effects of foliar application of micronutrients on concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in wheat landraces and cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Hao ◽  
Jingli Ma ◽  
Lina Jiang ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Yongqu Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application ◽  
Zinc Application

AbstractFoliar application of micronutrient is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of micronutrients in wheat grain. To explore the effects of foliar application of micronutrients on the concentration and bioavailability of zinc and iron in grain in wheat cultivars and landraces, field experiments were carried out using 65 wheat cultivars and 28 landraces to assess the effects of foliar application of zinc (iron) on phytic acid concentrations, zinc (iron) concentrations and their molar ratios. The results indicated that mean grain zinc concentration of landraces (44.83 mg kg−1) was 11.13% greater than that of cultivars (40.34 mg kg−1) on average across seasons, while grain iron concentration did not differ significantly between landraces (41.00 mg kg−1) and cultivars (39.43 mg kg−1). Foliar zinc application significantly improved the concentration and bioavailability of zinc in grains in both cultivars and landraces, while landraces had almost two-fold more increase in grain zinc and also greater improvement in zinc bioavailability compared to cultivars. While foliar iron application did not significantly affect iron concentration and bioavailability in grains in either cultivars or landraces. Our study showed that, with foliar application of zinc but not iron, wheat landraces had better performance than cultivars in terms of the increases in both concentration and bioavailability of micronutrient in grains.

scholarly journals Fifty years of wheat breeding in Southern Brazil: yield improvement and associated changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Rodrigues ◽  
Julio César Barreneche Lhamby ◽  
Agostinho Dirceu Didonet ◽  
José Abramo Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of genetic breeding on grain yield, and to identify the physiological traits associated to the increment in yield and their related growth processes, for wheat cultivars grown in Southern Brazil, in the past five decades. Seven wheat cultivars released between 1940 and 1992, were compared for physiological aspects associated with grain yield. Grain yield, biological yield, biomass partitioning, harvest index and grain yield components were also determined. The number of grains per square meter was more affected by plant breeding and was better correlated with grain yield (r = 0.94, p<0.01) than with grain weight (r = -0.39ns). The higher number of grains per square meter was better correlated with the number of grains per spike in the modern cultivars than in the older ones. The genetic gain in grain yield was 44.9 kg ha-1 per year, reflecting important efforts of the breeding programs carried out in Southern Brazil. Grain yield changes, during the period of study, were better associated with biomass production (r = 0.78, p<0.01) than with harvest index (r = 0.65, p<0.01).

scholarly journals Fertilizer management and soil type influence grain zinc and iron concentration under contrasting smallholder cropping systems in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneta G. Manzeke ◽  
Florence Mtambanengwe ◽  
Michael J. Watts ◽  
Elliott M. Hamilton ◽  
R. Murray Lark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Grain Zinc

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring wheat for mainstreaming biofortification in CIMMYT wheat breeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindan Velu ◽  
Ravi Prakash Singh ◽  
Leonardo Crespo-Herrera ◽  
Philomin Juliana ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Grain Zinc

scholarly journals Functional Gene Assessment of Wheat: Breeding Implication in Ningxia Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Zhang ◽  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Jinshang He ◽  
Ling Kang ◽  
Xiaoliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Genetic Distribution

Abstract Background: The overall genetic distribution and divergences for cloned genes among wheat varieties that occurred during the breeding process of the past few decades in Ningxia province of China are poorly understood. Here we report the genetic diversities of 44 important genes underpinning grain yield, quality, adaptation and resistance in 121 Ningxia and 86 introduced wheat cultivars and advanced lines.Results: Population structure indicated characteristics of genetic components of Ningxia wheats including landraces of particular genetic resources, introduced varieties with rich genetic diversities and modern cultivars in different times. Analysis of allele frequencies showed that dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b at Rht-B1 and Rht-D1b at Rht-D1 , 1BL/1RS translocation, Hap-1 at GW2-6B and Hap-H at Sus2-2B are present very frequently in Ningxia modern cultivars and introduced varieties from other regions, but absent in landraces, indicating that the introduced wheat germplasm with numerous beneficial genes are vital for broadening genetic diversities of Ningxia wheat varieties. Large population differentiation occurred at adaptation genes between modern cultivars and well-adapted landraces. Founder parents have excellent allele combinations of important genes with a higher number of favorable alleles compared with modern cultivars. The gene flows manifested that six founder parents greatly contributed to breeding improvement in Ningxia province, in particular Zhou 8425B for yield related genes.Conclusions: These results will greatly benefit for wheat breeding in Ningxia province and other areas with similar ecological environments.

scholarly journals Economics of Wheat Breeding Strategies: Focusing on Oklahoma Hard Red Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Vitale ◽  
Brian Adam ◽  
Pilja Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increase Protein Content ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Wheat breeding continues to be an important component of agricultural innovations in the Great Plains region of the US. This paper reviews Oklahoma’s wheat breeding program over the past several decades with an emphasis on the economic aspects and planning of future breeding strategies. Over the past century, Oklahoma’s wheat yields have increased but the productivity gains have been offset in part due to increased yield variability. The shift to improved wheat varieties has resulted in increased susceptibility to plant disease and pest pressure. While a few varieties introduced over the past few decades have dominated the wheat seed market, recent trends indicate producers are adopting a more diverse range of wheat varieties. Producers’ concerns have expanded beyond demands for high yielding varieties to include more market oriented needs to increase protein content and test weight. This paper identifies several key policy instruments that Oklahoma stakeholders and policy makers should consider when planning future breeding strategies. A critical need is to assist Oklahoma producers in adapting to climate change by developing drought and heat resistant wheat varieties. Marketing new varieties would be improved and revenue increased if more innovative pricing structures were adopted to better align producers’ willingness to pay with seed development costs, which could then be re-invested in breeding. Research budgets, which have remained stagnant in real terms, will need to be increased to adequately address producers’ needs into the 21st century.

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