THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUMBER OF FOLLICLES 14mm OR GREATER AT TIME OF TRIGGER OF PREGNANCY RATES IN IUI CYCLES IN WOMEN 38 YEARS AND OLDER

The ovarian follicular population has been used as a parameter to evaluate fertility and also the potential of donors undergoing assisted reproductive procedures in both human medicine and animal practice. There is a high correlation between follicular population and oocyte recovery by ovum pickup (OPU), but the relationship between oocyte recovery, embryo production and pregnancy rates may not be fully understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the conversion rate of oocytes to embryos and further pregnancies could be positively related to the number of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) recovered after OPU in cattle. For this purpose, records of 626 OPU sections from 251 nonlactating Gyr cows (dairy Zebu breed) were analysed. The animals had a good body condition score, were kept in a good feeding pasture (Brachiaria spp.) and were supplemented with corn silage and a mixture of corn, soybeans and vitamin and minerals, according to their nutritional requirements. For each ovarian aspiration, the ovarian follicular wave was previously synchronized with an auricular implant (Norgestomet-Crestar®), IM injections of 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (Gonadiol®) and 0.25 mg of D-cloprostenol (Sincrocio®). The OPU procedures were performed using an ultrasound device (Aquila Vet, Esaote, São Paulo, Brazil) equipped with a vaginal sector 7.5-MHz probe, disposable 20 G needles and a vacuum pressure of 80 mmHg. The cows were ranked in quartiles regarding the total number of COC recovered. To reduce bias related to the eventual fluctuation of OPU results, for the present analysis the authors used only the recorded OPU session of each cow with the highest number of COC recovered. Viable COC were fertilized with sex-sorted (X) semen of Gyr bulls previously tested for in vitro embryo production. Conversion rates (%) of the total and viable oocytes to embryos, viable oocytes to pregnancy and embryo to pregnancy were evaluated for each quartile. Differences between the first and fourth quartiles were accessed by Fisher's exact test. In the 251 OPU, 4246 total and 3173 viable COC were recovered, resulting in the production of 1001 embryos (31.5%) and 453 pregnancies (45.3%). The cows ranked in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles produced >30 (41.6 ± 10.6), 21 to 30 (25.2 ± 3.0), 12 to 20 (15.9 ± 2.6) and <12 (6.7 ± 3.1) total oocytes. The average viable oocyte (29.1 ± 11.0, 18.1 ± 5.3, 11.1 ± 3.7 and 4.5 ± 2.7, respectively) and embryo production (8.6 ± 5.7, 5.2 ± 3.6, 3.8 ± 2.8 and 1.8 ± 1.8, respectively) were different (P < 0.0001) among all quartiles. Pregnancy rates, however, did not differ (46.0, 44.9, 43.9 and 45.6%, respectively; P > 0.05). Interestingly, the conversion rates (viable oocytes to embryos and viable oocytes to pregnancies) were higher (P < 0.0001 and 0.002) in cows from the last quartile (51.1 and 31.9%) compared with those from the first quartile (23.7 and 14.7%). In conclusion, the number of COC recovered by OPU (and consequently the ovarian follicular count) can further predict the total number of embryos and pregnancies produced, but it is not directly related to the oocyte development potential. Biotran and Fapemig Project CVZ APQ 01654/09 and BPD 0007/10.

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Theoretical Model of the Relationship between Single Embryo Transfer Rate and Multiple Pregnancy Rate in Japan

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2012/620753 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Syuichi Ooki

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Early Period ◽

Reproductive Technology ◽

Single Embryo Transfer ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Sigmoid Curve ◽

The Relationship ◽

Multiple Pregnancy Rate

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of single embryo transfer (SET) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the reduction of the multiple pregnancy rate. We also estimated the monozygotic (MZ) twinning rates according to the SET diffusion indirectly. A reverse sigmoid curve was assumed and examined using nationwide data of SET from 2007 to 2009 in Japan. The multiple pregnancy rate decreased almost linearly where the SET pregnancy rate was between about 40% and 80% of regression approximation. The linear approximation overestimated multiple pregnancy rates in an early period and underestimated multiple pregnancy rates in the final period. The multiple pregnancy rate seemed to be influenced by the improvement of the total pregnancy rate of ART in the early period and by the MZ twinning after SET in the final period. The estimated MZ twinning rate after SET was around 2%.

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Fertility in female reindeer: the effects of nutrition and growth

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.7.2.714 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. J.C. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Important Influence ◽

Reindeer Husbandry ◽

Density Dependent ◽

Economic Significance ◽

The Relationship

Pregnancy rates in juvenile reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) vary considerably both within and between flocks. This potentially has considerable economic significance for reindeer husbandry. This paper discusses the influence of nutrition and growth on fertility in female reindeer using examples taken from the literature. Fertility in reindeer is related to body weight, like in many other mammals, but the relationship is not invariant. Weight-specific pregnancy rates appear to be density dependent in juvenile reindeer although not in adults. This strongly suggests that nutrition has an important influence on fertility in juveniles.Fruktbarhet hos simler: effekter av ernæring og vekst.Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Drektighetsprosenten i ungrein varierer sterkt fra individ til individ og fra flokk til flokk. En høy fruktbarhet i reinflokken er selve grunnlaget for en vellykket reindrift. Overraskende er det derfor at man vet lite om hvilke faktorer som bestemmer om rein skal bli drektig eller ikke. I denne artikkelen blir effekten av ernæring på reinsimlenes fruktbarhet diskutert. Undersøkelser indikerer at rein er som andre pattedyr, der fruktbarheten er relatert til kroppsvekten. Forholdet mellom reinens kroppsvekt og fruktbarhet varierer likevel sterkt. Mye tyder på at drektighetsprosenten i ungrein er avhengig av reintettheten. Dette indikerer at ernæringen er en viktig faktor når det gjelder fruktbarhet i ungrein. Vekt-spesifikk fruktbarhet kan derfor være en brukbar indikator for reinflokkens fortilgang. I prinsippet vil slike fruktbarhetsundersøkelser gi et en brukbar indikator for reinflokkens fortilgang. I prinsippet vil slike fruktbarhetsundersøkelser gi et tidlig varsel om reintallet er for høyt i forhold til beitegrunnlaget før en markert nedgang i slaktevekten observeres.Ravitsemustilan ja kasvun vaikutus vaatimien hedelmållisyyteen.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Nuorten porojen hedelmåliisyys vaihtelee suuresti yksilostå yksiloon ja porotokasta toiseen. To-kan korkea hedelmåliisyys on menestyksellisen poronhoidon perusedellytys. Poron kantavaksi tulemiseen vaikuttavista tekijoistå tiedetåån kuitenkin yllåttåvån våhån. Kirjoituksessa kåsitellåån ravitsemustilan vaik-utusta porovaatimen hedelmållisyyteen. Tutkimukset osoittavat ettå poron kuten muidenkin imettåvåisten hedelmållisyydellå on yhteys ruumiinpainoon. Poron hedelmållisyyden ja ruumiinpainon suhteessa esiintyy kuitenkin suurta vaihtelevuutta. Paljon viittaa siihen ettå nuorten porojen tiineysprosentti riippuu porotihey-destå. Tåmå puolestaan viittaa sihen, ettå ravinto on tårkeå tekijå nuoren poron hedelmållisyyttå ajatellen. Tåstå johtuen painoon suhteutettu hedelmåliisyys voisi toimia porotokan rehutaseen osoittajana. Sellaiset he-delmållisyystutkimukset antaisivat periaatteessa varhaisen varoituksen jos poroluku on ylittåmåsså laidunka-pasiteetin, ennen kuin teuraspainojen selvå aleneminen huomataan.

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216 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE AND PREGNANCY RATE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv19n1ab216 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. Sakagami ◽

K. Akiyama ◽

Y. Nakazawa

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Embryo Quality ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Bovine Embryos ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

The Relationship

A precise evaluation of embryo quality is important to estimate the suitability of embryo transfer to recipient animal. Recently, an objective evaluation method was reported for bovine embryos, in which the oxygen consumption of embryos can be noninvasively determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) (Shiku et al. 2001 Anal. Chem. 73, 3751–3758). Trimarchi et al. (2000 Biol. Reprod. 62, 1866–1874) suggested that the oxygen consumption reflects the cell number and mitochondrial activity of embryos. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the oxygen consumption of in vivo-derived embryos by SECM, (2) to investigate the relationship between oxygen consumption and morphological estimation of embryos, and (3) to assess the correlation among the oxygen consumption, embryo viability, and pregnancy rates. Fifty-six embryos were collected from Japanese Black cattle, which were superovulated with a total dose of 20 mg porcine FSH (FSH-R; Kawasaki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) followed by AI. The qualities of collected embryos at the stage of compacted morulae (CM), early blastocysts (EB), and blastocysts (BL) on Day 7 after AI were categorized as grade 1 and grade 2, according to the IETS manual (2002). The oxygen consumption rates of embryos were evaluated by SECM, as previously described by Abe et al. (2004 J. Mamm. Ova Res. 21). Embryos were frozen by programmable freezer in Dulbecco's PBS containing 1.5 M ethylene glycol, 0.1 M trehalose, and 20&percnt; calf serum. They were thawed by holding the straws in air for 8 s and then immersing them in a 30°C water bath for 15 s. After thawing, the embryos were examined for oxygen consumption. Twenty-eight embryos were then cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 20&percnt; fetal bovine serum and 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol for 24 h to assess the viability of embryos by re-expansion of blastocole. The remaining 28 embryos were transferred to recipients. The pregnancy rates were determined by rectal palpation on Day 70. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The consumption rates of BL embryos on Day 7 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of CM collected on the same day (0.84 vs. 1.29 × 10−14 mol s−1, respectively). A significant difference was also observed in consumption rates between grade 1 and 2 embryos at the BL stage (P < 0.05). After freezing–thawing, the average oxygen consumption rates of embryos were 0.52 × 10−14 mol s−1 for CM (n = 9), 0.67 × 10−14 mol s−1 for EB (n = 8), and 0.96 × 10−14 mol s−1 for BL (n = 11). The CM embryos with rates of < 0.5 × 10−14 mol s−1 and the EB and BL embryos with those < 0.6 × 10−14 mol s−1 did not show good morphological appearance after 24 h in culture. Pregnant animals were not obtained from embryos with rates <0.5 × 10−14 mol s−1 for CM (n = 5) and <0.7 × 10−14 mol s−1 for EB (n = 9). A high pregnancy rate (67&percnt;) was obtained from embryos with rates >1.0 × 10−14 mol s−1 for BL (n = 14). These results suggest that the measurement of oxygen consumption of embryos after embryo freezing and prior to embryo transfer may be useful for estimating embryo quality and suitability of embryo transfer.

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PSI-15 Embryo viability based upon energy

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 279-279

Author(s):

Sydney L Hickerson ◽

Cara W Wells ◽

Noah P Jesko ◽

Thomas L Perkins ◽

Russell Killingsworth

Keyword(s):

Energy Release ◽

Embryo Quality ◽

Outer Edge ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Horizontal Distance ◽

Bovine Embryos ◽

Embryo Viability ◽

Heritable Trait ◽

The Relationship ◽

Observation Period

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze embryo energy release and whether or not it is indicative of survivability upon successful implantation. In both bovine and equine reproduction, fertility is a lowly heritable trait that has an exceedingly large financial impact on the ability to grow genetic lines. In order to increase pregnancy rates, producers must have access to accurate decision-making tools. Nineteen (n = 19) fertilized bovine embryos collected via flushing by licensed veterinarian, Dr. Russell Killingsworth, DVM, in Shamrock, TX, were assessed for energy release using amplification of video with a Nikon Camera and Iolight Microscope. Once embryos were flushed, they were filmed for a thirty-five (35) second observation period. Embryo dimensions were then taken using Image J software. Embryo release of energy was humanly perceptible and measurable by changes in their morphological dimensions. Measurements of significance were taken on the embryo intercellular mass area (ICM), total embryo area, and on the vertical, diagonal, and horizontal axis of the sub-zonal distance, or the distance between the zona pellucida and outer edge of the ICM. All measurements were taken in microns. Once embryos were successfully measured, all were transferred into recipients. Significant findings presented that embryos with a greater ICM, total embryo area, and sub-zonal vertical, diagonal, and horizontal distance established pregnancies more frequently than embryos with less momentous differences in distance (P < 0.05). This research has shown the relationship between embryo energy and pregnancy had a significance of determining pregnancy viability. This has therefore resulted in enhanced prediction of embryo transfer techniques based on embryo quality making pregnancy rates for producers more predictable and consistent.

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P–145 usefulness of morphokinetic data to predict pregnancy rates of day–6 blastocyst transfers

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Shioya ◽

T Kobayashi ◽

T Sugiura ◽

S Akashi ◽

M Kinoshita-Okabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Clinical Pregnancy ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Single Center ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Scoring Model ◽

Single Center Study ◽

Clinical Pregnancy Rates ◽

The Relationship ◽

Center Study

Abstract Study question Can a scoring model based on morphokinetic data developed to predict pregnancy rates of day–5 blastocyst transfers (KIDSCORE™D5) predict pregnancy rates of day–6 blastocyst transfers? Summary answer KIDSCORE™D5 was able to predict the clinical pregnancy rates of embryo transfers done on day 6 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72. What is known already KIDSCORE™D5 is a scoring model based on morphokinetic data developed to predict the pregnancy rates of day–5 blastocysts. In 2019, Regnier et al. reported that the AUC of KIDSCORE™D5 for predicting clinical pregnancy rates of day–5 blastocyst transfers was 0.6. However, as KIDSCORE™D5 is constructed based on morphological characteristics and developmental dynamics of day–5 blastocysts, it is unclear whether KIDSCORE™D5 can predict pregnancy rates of day–6 blastocyst transfers. Since there are many cases of day–6 blastocyst transfers, it is important to know if KIDSCORE™D5 can predict pregnancy rates of day–6 blastocyst transfers. Study design, size, duration This retrospective single-center study, which included 162 day–5 and 72 day–6 blastocyst transfers, respectively, was conducted at Takahashi Women’s clinic from January to December 2019. Blastocysts derived from 146 patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection. All blastocysts were cryopreserved and were transferred singly. Participants/materials, setting, methods We used EmbryoScope+™ (Vitrolife) for in-vitro culture and calculated KIDSCORE™D5 (ver.3) using Embryoviewer™ (Vitrolife). Blastocyst scoring was done from 1.0 to 9.9. Clinical pregnancy was defined as the presence of a gestational sac confirmed by transvaginal ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed with JMP Pro 15.00 (SAS). The relationship between KIDSCORE™D5 and clinical pregnancy was evaluated by the AUC using ROC curve analysis and multivariate analysis adjusted for patient age. Main results and the role of chance The mean KIDSCORE™D5 of day–5 and day–6 blastocysts was 7.1±1.7 and 3.7±1.5, respectively. KIDSCORE™D5 of day–6 blastocysts was significantly lower than that of day–5 blastocysts (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). ROC curve analysis showed that the KIDSCORE™D5 could predict clinical pregnancy rates with an AUC of 0.62 for day–5 blastocysts and 0.72 for day–6 blastocysts. The cut-off values for KIDSCORE™D5 were 5.7 and 4.9 for day–5 and day–6 blastocysts, respectively. Blastocysts above the cut off value on both day–5 and day–6 had a significantly higher pregnancy rate than those below the cut off value (day–5: 61.9% vs. 33.3%(p = 0.0023), day–6: 47.4% vs. 7.6%(p = 0.0003)). Multivariate analysis adjusted for patient age showed that KIDSCORE™D5 correlated with clinical pregnancy rates of days 5 and 6 of blastocyst transfer with AUCs of 0.66 and 0.73, respectively. Limitations, reasons for caution This study had a small sample size, and it was a retrospective single-center study. In addition, the relationship between KIDSCORE™D5 and clinical pregnancy rates may vary among facilities. Therefore, a prospective multicenter validation is necessary. Wider implications of the findings: Our study results indicated that KIDSCORE™D5 predicted clinical pregnancy and that morphokinetic parameters related to clinical pregnancy were similar between day–5 and day–6 blastocysts. Hence, morphokinetic evaluation can serve as a criterion for deciding which of multiple day–6 blastocysts can be transferred. Trial registration number Not applicable

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School trajectory and teenage pregnancy in three Brazilian state capitals

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2006000700005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 1397-1409 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Maria da Conceição C. Almeida ◽

Estela M. L. Aquino ◽

Antoniel Pinheiro de Barros

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Teenage Pregnancy ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

School Dropout ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

Women And Work ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brazilian State ◽

The Relationship ◽

Out Of School

This paper describes the relationship between school trajectory and incidence of teenage pregnancy. A cross-sectional residence-based questionnaire was applied, interviewing 4,634 youth ages 18 to 24 years, selected through a stratified three-stage sample. For the present study, young people ages 20 to 24 years (65.6%) were chosen, with teenage pregnancy rates of 29.5% for females and 21.4% for males (in relation to their partners). Sexual debut was reported by 87% of women and 95.3% of men. The majority of young people reported irregular school trajectory, with 39% enrolled in school at the time of the study. Nearly half of those who had interrupted their studies at least once reported a teenage pregnancy. The main reasons for interrupting their studies were pregnancy and children for women and work for men. School dropout due to teenage pregnancy was mentioned by 40.1% of women for whom the outcome of pregnancy was a child. However, 20.5% had already dropped out of school before becoming pregnant.

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