Differentiation of saccharomyces species by lipid and metabolome profiles from a single colony

2021 ◽  
pp. 103964
Author(s):  
Candela Ruiz-de-Villa ◽  
Montse Poblet ◽  
Albert Bordons ◽  
Cristina Reguant ◽  
Nicolas Rozès
Keyword(s):  
Single Colony

The pattern of growth of Clytia johnstoni

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-309
Author(s):  
L. J. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Limited Period ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Do So

1. A quantitative study of the growth of Clytia johnstoni is described. 2. The distance between hydranths is most commonly between 3 and 4 mm. The average internode lengths and their variability frequently differs not only between colonies but also between stolons of a single colony. The differences are therefore unlikely to be genetic ones. Occasionally much longer internodes occur (up to 8 mm). 3. Hydranths and their stalks differ widely in size but not in morphology. The differences can be caused by the amount of food given. 4. Very vigorous and very poorly growing colonies tend to have slightly longer internodes than the more common colonies of average vigour. 5. Most colonies produce both additional (secondary) hydranths and stolon branches. Hydranth branches grow spaced from existing hydranths; in normal colonies the spacing appears to originate from the hydranth away from the growing tip in an internode. In vigorous growth the hydranth towards the growing stolon tip is the place of reference. 6. Stolon branches occur mostly near to hydranths, either primary or secondary, more especially near to the hydranth farther from the growing tip of the main stolon. 7. There appears to be a limit to the number of branches to an internode. In vigorous growth an optimum of two and a maximum of three is found, either secondary hydranths, or stolons, or both. 8. Stolons vary in their rate of growth. A stolon slowly increases its rate of growth as it gets longer. In a colony of little vigour, the rate is low and variable and may cease and restart; the coenosarc sometimes breaks, dividing the colony. 9. Hydranths take 1–2 days to grow, sometimes 3 days in colonies of little vigour. They remain open for a limited period: normally about 5–7 days; sometimes longer – up to 9 or 10 days; and significantly shorter, 1–3 days, in a colony of little vigour. 10. At the end of their period of existence, hydranths regress. They normally start to regenerate a new hydranth within 1–2 days but some do not do so for longer or very long periods. 11. The whole cycle of hydranth growth, maturity and regression falls into either a 6- to 7-day cycle or a 10- to 11-day cycle. 12. Evidence is presented to support the suggestion that there is a situation of competitive interaction between growth of the various parts of the colony. A priority series for the various parts of the colony is constructed.

Prevalence of non-O157 Shiga Toxin-producing E. Coli in Children and Calves in Al- Muthanna Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jarad ◽  
Kh. Al- Jeboori
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Big Six ◽  
Reliable Isolation

The present study focus on non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC), included a bacteriological study was subjected to provide additional information for non-O157 STEC prevalence in children and calves. Isolation by using selective culturing media (CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar O157) from 127 children suffering from diarrhea and 133 calves in Al- Muthanna province. Characterization depends on culturing positive colony on MacConkey agar and Levin’s Eosin Methylene blue agar, staining single colony from the growth by gram stain, biochemical tests; Indole, the Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate test, Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Motility, Kligler Iron and Api-20E, were done to confirm a diagnosis of non-O157 STEC, The reliable isolation as non-O157 STEC serotyping by specific latex agglutination test for the target non-O157 STEC (big six) serogroup (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). The current study showed the prevalence of non-O157 STEC was 20 of out 127 (15.73%) in samples collected from children and 27 / 133 (20.30%) in calves samples in conclusion the Non-O157 STEC is an important cause of diarrhea in children, and calves; finally, the calves play an important reservoir for Non-O157 STEC.

A redescription of Stenopora and the type species Stenopora tasmaniensis Lonsdale, 1844 (Trepostomata, Bryozoa)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Bryozoan Species ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Single Size ◽  
Original Type

Abstract Type material for Stenopora tasmaniensis Lonsdale, 1844 was lost in the late nineteenth century, and subsequent descriptions of the genus have been based on material incorrectly assigned to the type species. A neotype is erected for S. tasmaniensis from the original type locality and the genus redescribed. The genus exhibits ramose, frondescent, encrusting, and massive colony morphologies, diaphragms are absent, and acanthostyles of a single size surround each aperture. This single size of acanthostyles aligns with the original type species description; however, it differs from the subsequently accepted genus description and may result in existing species being removed from the genus. Analysis of zooecial characters of a single colony exhibiting both frondescent and ramose morphologies reveals statistically significant differences between subsampled sections, despite being from the same colony. Differences relate to details of zooecial parameters and are not controlled by colony morphology. This variation within a single colony confirms the importance of using qualitative characters alongside quantitative measures in defining Paleozoic bryozoan species.

scholarly journals Prenatal diagnosis of mosaicism for trisomy 2 in a single colony at amniocentesis in a pregnancy with a favorable outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ping Chen ◽  
Jian-Pei Huang ◽  
Schu-Rern Chern ◽  
Shin-Wen Chen ◽  
Shih-Ting Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Single Colony

scholarly journals A simulation to identify the optimal area to survey in the early stage of invasion by Solenopsis invicta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumpei Hisamoto ◽  
Koichi Goka ◽  
Yoshiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
The Status ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Efforts to eradicate invasive alien species commonly use simulations to calculate the cost-effectiveness of surveys. Although eradication of Solenopsis invicta in the early stages of an invasion is important, few simulations are available to calculate the cost-effectiveness of surveys when a single colony has been detected. In the case of S. invicta, it is difficult to determine from the status of the detected colony whether new queens have dispersed, so it is necessary to consider dispersal as a probabilistic event and calculate its probability. We therefore first constructed a mathematical model in which we used Bayesian statistics to estimate the probability of dispersal as a function of the results of the survey. This mathematical model revealed that the efficacy of the survey and the associated cost differed greatly between cases depending on whether dispersal was or was not confirmed. Next, we developed a simulation that incorporated this mathematical model to inform the determination of the survey area when a single colony had been detected. The simulation showed how ecological parameters and geographical information could be used to identify an efficacious survey area, even in heterogeneous landscapes such as international ports where invasions occur sporadically. Finally, we used this simulation to assess the efficacy of a survey in the case of an S. invicta outbreak at the Port of Tokyo, Japan. The results suggested that the survey covered a sufficiently wide area but that it could have been designed in a more efficacious manner.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Genetic Variation of the Mycoplasma genitalium MG192 Gene in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Jørgen S. Jensen ◽  
Miriam Mancuso ◽  
Leann Myers ◽  
David H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Immune Selection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Mycoplasma genitalium, a human pathogen associated with sexually transmitted diseases, is capable of causing chronic infections, though mechanisms for persistence remain unclear. Previous studies have found that variation of the MgPa operon occurs by recombination of repetitive chromosomal sequences (known as MgPars) into the MG191 and MG192 genes carried on this operon, which may lead to antigenic variation and immune evasion. In this study, we determined the kinetics of MG192 sequence variation during the course of experimental infection using archived specimens from two chimpanzees infected withM. genitaliumstrain G37. The highly variable region of MG192 was amplified by PCR fromM. genitaliumisolates obtained at various time points postinfection (p.i.). Sequence analysis revealed that MG192 sequence variation began at 5 weeks p.i. With the progression of infection, sequence changes accumulated throughout the MG192 variable region. The presence of MG192 variants at specific time points was confirmed by variant-specific PCR assays and sequence analysis of single-colony clonedM. genitaliumorganisms. MG192 nucleotide sequence variation correlated with estimated recombination events, predicted amino acid changes, and time of seroconversion, a finding consistent with immune selection of MG192 variants. In addition, we provided evidence that MG192 sequence variation occurred during the process ofM. genitaliumsingle-colony cloning. Such spontaneous variation suggests that some MG192 variation is independent of immune selection but may form the basis for subsequent immune selection.

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