Development of complete hydrolysis of pectins from apple pomace

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wikiera ◽  
Magdalena Mika ◽  
Anna Starzyńska-Janiszewska ◽  
Bożena Stodolak
Keyword(s):  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Darstellung von o-Phenylen-bis(dibromphosphan) — Reaktionsprodukte von o-Phenylen-bis(dichlorphosphan) / Synthesis of o-Phenylene-bis(dibromophosphane) — Reaction Products of o-Phenylene-bis(dichlorophosphane)

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Wörz ◽  
E. Quien ◽  
H. P. Latscha
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Bromide ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Cyclic Anhydride ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

o-Phenylene-bis(dibromophosphane) (1) is prepared by reaction of P ,P,P′,P′-tetrakis(dim ethylamino)-o-phenylenediphosphane with hydrogen bromide in ether. The reaction of o-phenylene- bis(dichlorophosphane) (2) with CH3OH in ether yields o-phenylene-bis(phosphonousacid- dimethylester) (3). The Michaelis-Arbuzov conversion of 3, either by heat or by catalytic amounts of CH3I in toluene, yields ophenylene-bis(methylphosphinic-acid-methylester) (4). The reduction of 2 must be carried out with a large excess of LiAlH4 (1:4) in ether to give o-phenylenediphosphane (5). The cyclic anhydride (6) of P.P′-dichloro-o-phenylenediphosphonous acid is formed when 2 is hydrolyzed in ether with an equimolar amount of water. Complete hydrolysis of 2 with an excess of water gives o-phenylenediphosphonous acid (7). With hydrogen peroxide o-phenylenediphosphonic acid (8) can be isolated.

Integrated enzymatic pretreatment and hydrolysis of apple pomace in a bubble column bioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 107306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Niglio ◽  
Alessandra Procentese ◽  
Maria Elena Russo ◽  
Alessandra Piscitelli ◽  
Antonio Marzocchella
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Column ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Bubble Column Bioreactor ◽  
Column Bioreactor ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals A Simple Method for the Quantification of Free Isocyanates on the Surface of Cellulose Nanocrystals upon Carbamation using Toluene Diisocyanate

Surfaces ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Abushammala
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Amine Groups ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cellulose Surface

In many reports, cellulose and nanocellulose have been carbamated using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) to allow the grafting of molecules or polymers onto their surfaces. Such a process usually involves the reaction of the more reactive isocyanate group of TDI (para-NCO) selectively with a hydroxyl group from the cellulose surface, followed by the reaction of the free isocyanate (ortho-NCO) with a desired molecule. After the first step, it is not possible, using elemental analysis, to determine the amount of ortho-NCO on the cellulosic surface, as an ideal para/ortho selectivity is difficult to obtain. This paper presents a simple method for the quantification of ortho-NCOs on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals upon TDI-based carbamation. It relies on the pH increase upon a complete hydrolysis of ortho-NCOs to amine groups using acidified dimethylsulfoxide. The method was found to be accurate and valid for a degree of substitution of up to 20%.

scholarly journals THE FATE OF DNA-CONTAINING PARTICLES PHAGOCYTIZED BY MAMMALIAN CELLS

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bensch ◽  
Gerald Gordon ◽  
Leonard Miller
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Particulate DNA protein coacervates were digested immediately after being phagocytized by L strain fibroblasts in suspension culture. Enlargement of the phagocytotic vacuoles occurred simultaneously with a loss of the electron opacity of the phagocytized particles. Cytochemical reactions positive for non-specific esterase, acid phosphatase, and nucleoside phosphatase in the phagocytotic vacuoles provided additional evidence for the probability of complete hydrolysis of the phagocytized nucleoprotein.

scholarly journals The complete hydrolysis of peptides by a mixture of sepharose-bound peptidases

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 80P-81P ◽  
Author(s):  
H P J Bennett ◽  
D F Elliott ◽  
P J Lowry ◽  
C McMartin
Keyword(s):  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehyde: Scalable Synthesis and Its Use in the Preparation of 1-Alkyl-4-Formyl-1,2,3-triazoles

Organics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-414
Author(s):  
Tomas Opsomer ◽  
Kaat Valkeneers ◽  
Ana Ratković ◽  
Wim Dehaen
Keyword(s):  
One Pot ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Synthetic Intermediates ◽  
Cornforth Rearrangement ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehydes are useful synthetic intermediates which may play an important role in the discovery of novel applications of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. In this work, a one-step multigram scale synthesis of 4-formyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (FNPT) as a preferred reagent for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-formyltriazoles is described, making use of the commercially available 3-dimethylaminoacrolein and 4-nitrophenyl azide. Next, the earlier reported reaction of FNPT with alkylamines is further explored, and for hexylamine, the one-pot sequential cycloaddition and Cornforth rearrangement is demonstrated. In addition, a useful protocol for the in situ diazotization of 4-nitroaniline is provided. This facilitated the complete hydrolysis of rearranged 4-iminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles and allowed for the recycling of 4-nitrophenyl azide.

Membrane separation to improve degradation of road side grass by rumen enhanced solid incubation

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dalhoff ◽  
A. Rababah ◽  
V. Sonakya ◽  
N. Raizada ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Membrane Unit ◽  
Complete Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Membrane separation proved to be an excellent means to maintain high residence time of microorganisms in an anaerobic hydrolysis reactor, and relatively low concentration of hydrolysis products. The microbial biocommunity typical for the rumen environment could be maintained, and the reactor efficiency of the reactor improved. Less than 4 days were reqired to reach almost complete hydrolysis of the grass fed into the reactor. To avoid blocking of the membrane unit, a backwash system is necessary. The membranes needed to be backwashed every 20 min with 4 bar gas-pressure for 10 s. After this treatment the initial permeability was regained. The plant was operated with a flux of 12 ml h-1cm-2 on average. The transmembrane pressure was in the range of 0.8-0.9 bar. 90% of the dissolved fatty acids permeated through the membrane.

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