Carvone and its eutectic mixtures as novel, biodegradable, and tunable solvents to extract hydrophobic compounds in substitution for volatile toxic solvents

Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected diseases in the world. Its most severe clinical form, called visceral, if left untreated, can be fatal. Conventional therapy is based on the use of pentavalent antimonials and includes amphotericin B (AmB) as a second-choice drug. The micellar formulation of AmB, although effective, is associated with acute and chronic toxicity. Commercially-available lipid formulations emerged to overcome such drawbacks, but their high cost limits their widespread use. Drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions (NE) have proven ability to solubilize hydrophobic compounds, improve absorption and bioavailability, increase efficacy and reduce toxicity of encapsulated drugs. NE become even more attractive because they are inexpensive and easy to prepare. The aim of this work was to incorporate AmB in NE prepared by sonicating a mixture of surfactants, Kolliphor® HS15 (KHS15) and Brij® 52, and an oil, isopropyl myristate. NE exhibited neutral pH, conductivity values consistent with oil in water systems, spherical structures with negative Zeta potential value, monomodal size distribution and average diameter of drug-containing droplets ranging from 33 to 132 nm. AmB did not modify the thermal behavior of the system, likely due to its dispersion in the internal phase. Statistically similar antileishmanial activity of AmB-loaded NE to that of AmB micellar formulation suggests further exploring them in terms of toxicity and effectiveness against amastigotes, with the aim of offering an alternative to treat visceral leishmaniasis.

Download Full-text

Green Chemistry and Green Solvents: An Overview

Current Green Chemistry ◽

10.2174/2213346107999200709132815 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 314-325

Author(s):

Barla Karuna Devi ◽

Swathi Naraparaju ◽

Chaganti Soujanya ◽

Sayan Dutta Gupta

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Chemical Reaction ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Green Solvents ◽

Eutectic Mixtures ◽

Organic Carbonates

: Green chemistry emphasizes designing novel routes to overcome health and environmental problems that occur during a chemical reaction. Green solvents are used in place of conventional solvents that are hazardous to both human and the environment. Solvents like water, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, biosolvents, organic carbonates, and deep eutectic mixtures can be used as green solvents. The review focuses on the properties, applications, and limitations of these solvents.

Download Full-text

Development of an ethanolic two-phase system (ETPS) based on polypropylene glycol 2000 + ethylene glycol + ethanol for separation of hydrophobic compounds

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d0cc01542c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Filipe Smith Buarque ◽

Cleide Mara Faria Soares ◽

Ranyere Lucena de Souza ◽

Matheus Mendonça Pereira ◽

Álvaro Silva Lima

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Phase System ◽

Polypropylene Glycol ◽

Two Phase ◽

Hydrophobic Compounds ◽

Ethanol Content ◽

Coexisting Phases ◽

Phase Water ◽

High Ethanol

Two-phase water-free systems containing high ethanol content in the coexisting phases can selectively partition hydrophobic molecules from natural biomass.

Download Full-text

Polydiacetylene Liposomal Aequorin Bioluminescent Device for Detection of Hydrophobic Compounds

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04500 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 5704-5709 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ryoko Yamamoto ◽

Shigehiko Takegami ◽

Atsuko Konishi ◽

Hikari Horikawa ◽

Sayumi Yonezawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrophobic Compounds

Download Full-text

Effect of Bile on the Cell Surface Permeability Barrier and Efflux System of Vibrio cholerae

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.186.20.6809-6814.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 186 (20) ◽

pp. 6809-6814 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Arpita Chatterjee ◽

Sohini Chaudhuri ◽

Gargi Saha ◽

Satadeepa Gupta ◽

Rukhsana Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Permeability Barrier ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Efflux System ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Outer Leaflet ◽

Hydrophobic Compounds ◽

Energy Dependent

ABSTRACT Gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. The gram-negative, enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membrane is not an effective barrier to hydrophobic permeants, presumably due to the presence of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, and efflux systems are at best only partially active. When V. cholerae was grown in the presence of bile, entry of hydrophobic compounds into the cells was significantly reduced. No difference was detected in the extent of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane between cells grown in the presence or absence of bile. However, in the presence of energy uncouplers, uptake of hydrophobic probes was comparable between cells grown in the presence or absence of bile, indicating that energy-dependent efflux processes may be involved in restricting the entry of hydrophobic permeants into bile grown cells. Indeed, an efflux system(s) is essential for survival of V. cholerae in the presence of bile. Expression of acrAB, encoding an RND family efflux pump, was significantly increased in V. cholerae cells grown in vitro in the presence of bile and also in cells grown in rabbit intestine.

Download Full-text

Liquification of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol into Hydrophobic Eutectic Mixtures: A Multi-Criteria Design for Eco-efficient Boron Recovery

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.131342 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 131342

Author(s):

Ghaiath Almustafa ◽

Ahmad S. Darwish ◽

Tarek Lemaoui ◽

Matthew J. O'Conner ◽

Shady Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eutectic Mixtures

Download Full-text

Yeast Cells in Microencapsulation. General Features and Controlling Factors of the Encapsulation Process

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3123

Author(s):

Giulia Coradello ◽

Nicola Tirelli

Keyword(s):

Cell Body ◽

Low Cost ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Hydrophobic Compounds ◽

Pharmaceutical Applications ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Encapsulation Process ◽

Broad Overview

Besides their best-known uses in the food and fermentation industry, yeasts have also found application as microcapsules. In the encapsulation process, exogenous and most typically hydrophobic compounds diffuse and end up being passively entrapped in the cell body, and can be released upon application of appropriate stimuli. Yeast cells can be employed either living or dead, intact, permeabilized, or even emptied of all their original cytoplasmic contents. The main selling points of this set of encapsulation technologies, which to date has predominantly targeted food and—to a lesser extent—pharmaceutical applications, are the low cost, biodegradability and biocompatibility of the capsules, coupled to their sustainable origin (e.g., spent yeast from brewing). This review aims to provide a broad overview of the different kinds of yeast-based microcapsules and of the main physico-chemical characteristics that control the encapsulation process and its efficiency.

Download Full-text

Mechanochemical Treatment of Quercetin and Curcumin to Obtain Eutectic Mixtures with High Antioxidant Activity

CrystEngComm ◽

10.1039/d1ce00697e ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Fernando D'Vries ◽

Valentina Renza-Diaz ◽

Martin emilio Gonzalez ◽

Kriss Dayhana Pantoja

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Mechanochemical Treatment ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Eutectic Mixtures ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

The Creation

Quercetin and curcumin are well-known natural antioxidant molecules used to prevent the malignant effect caused by free radicals on biological systems. This work addressed the creation of eutectic mixtures from...

Download Full-text