Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying the Antioxidant Activities of Microalgal Polysaccharide in Caenorhabditis Elegans by MicroRNAs and Gut Microbiota

AbstractMulticellularity has coincided with the evolution of microRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory RNAs that are integrated into cellular differentiation and homeostatic gene-regulatory networks. However, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning miRNA activity have remained largely obscured because of the precise, and thus difficult to access, cellular contexts under which they operate. To resolve these, we have generated a genome-wide map of active miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans by revealing cell-type-specific patterns of miRNAs loaded into Argonaute (AGO) silencing complexes. Epitope-labelled AGO proteins were selectively expressed and immunoprecipitated from three distinct tissue types and associated miRNAs sequenced. In addition to providing information on biological function, we define adaptable miRNA:AGO interactions with single-cell-type and AGO-specific resolution. We demonstrate spatial and temporal dynamicism, flexibility of miRNA loading, and suggest miRNA regulatory mechanisms via AGO selectivity in different tissues and during ageing. Additionally, we resolve widespread changes in AGO-regulated gene expression by analysing translatomes specifically in neurons.

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Assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut microbiota from diverse soil microbial environments

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/ismej.2015.253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1998-2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Maureen Berg ◽

Ben Stenuit ◽

Joshua Ho ◽

Andrew Wang ◽

Caitlin Parke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Soil Microbial

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Traditional tonifying polyherbal infusion, Jatu-Phala-Tiga, exerts antioxidant activities and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-019-2626-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Palika Wetchakul ◽

Jo Aan Goon ◽

Ademola Ezekiel Adekoya ◽

Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji ◽

Sutticha Ruangchuay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Antioxidant Activities

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Somatic CRISPR–Cas9-induced mutations reveal roles of embryonically essential dynein chains in Caenorhabditis elegans cilia

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201411041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 208 (6) ◽

pp. 683-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wenjing Li ◽

Peishan Yi ◽

Guangshuo Ou

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Intraflagellar Transport ◽

Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Light Chains ◽

Induced Mutations ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Cilium Formation ◽

Dynein Intermediate Chain ◽

Intermediate Chain

Cilium formation and maintenance require intraflagellar transport (IFT). Although much is known about kinesin-2–driven anterograde IFT, the composition and regulation of retrograde IFT-specific dynein remain elusive. Components of cytoplasmic dynein may participate in IFT; however, their essential roles in cell division preclude functional studies in postmitotic cilia. Here, we report that inducible expression of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas9 system in Caenorhabditis elegans generated conditional mutations in IFT motors and particles, recapitulating ciliary defects in their null mutants. Using this method to bypass the embryonic requirement, we show the following: the dynein intermediate chain, light chain LC8, and lissencephaly-1 regulate retrograde IFT; the dynein light intermediate chain functions in dendrites and indirectly contributes to ciliogenesis; and the Tctex and Roadblock light chains are dispensable for cilium assembly. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these components undergo biphasic IFT with distinct transport frequencies and turnaround behaviors. Together, our results suggest that IFT–dynein and cytoplasmic dynein have unique compositions but also share components and regulatory mechanisms.

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Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant effects of green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharide by regulation of microRNAs and gut microbiota in Caenorhabditis elegans

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. 152-162

Author(s):

Xuzhi Wan ◽

Xiaoqing Li ◽

Dan Liu ◽

Xiaoxiang Gao ◽

Yihan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽

Green Microalga ◽

Antioxidant Effects

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Cis- and Trans-Regulatory Mechanisms of Gene Expression in the ASJ Sensory Neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetics ◽

10.1534/genetics.115.176172 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 200 (1) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Gonzalez-Barrios ◽

J. C. Fierro-Gonzalez ◽

E. Krpelanova ◽

J. A. Mora-Lorca ◽

J. R. Pedrajas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Sensory Neuron ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Cis And Trans

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Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1768v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Sobeh ◽

Esraa A ElHawary ◽

Herbenya Peixoto ◽

Rola M Labib ◽

Heba Handoussa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

C Elegans

Background: Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied.The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcoholic extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. Methods: In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Results: More than forty polyphenols ,including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside.The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Discussion: A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

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Comparison of Effects and Brain-Gut Regulatory Mechanisms of Acupuncture and Flunarizine for Migraine: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/5676718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ya-Nan Wang ◽

Ming-Sheng Sun ◽

Xi-Xiu Ni ◽

Tian Tian ◽

Lu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Acupuncture Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Central Nervous System Disease ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Control Group ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

System Disease

Background. As a central nervous system disease, migraine often coexists with gastrointestinal disorders, which suggests a disruption of brain-gut regulation. Clinical studies have confirmed that acupuncture and flunarizine not only alleviate migraine attacks but also substantially inhibit accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms. However, it is still not clear how acupuncture and flunarizine regulate the interactions of brain, gut, and microbiome. Therefore, this study will combine neuroimaging technology and gut microbiota detection technology to explore and compare the effects and brain-gut modulating mechanisms of acupuncture and flunarizine for migraine. Methods. This randomized clinical trial will recruit 66 patients with migraine without aura. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to an acupuncture group or a control group. The acupuncture treatment strategy is based on experience from our previous study and consensus meetings with clinical experts. Patients will receive 12 sessions of manual acupuncture treatment (once every other day to a total of three times per week, followed by a 2-day break). Flunarizine will be administered at a dose of 5 mg daily in the control group. Participants in both groups will receive treatment for a period of 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in frequency of migraine attacks, and the secondary outcomes include the changes in migraine days (days on which migraine attacks occurred), average migraine severity, gastrointestinal symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. Fresh stool samples will be collected, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis will be used for gut microbiota. Magnetic resonance imaging will be applied to detect between-group changes in brain function. The abovementioned indicators will be collected at baseline, after a 4-week intervention, and at the 12-week follow-up. Discussions. From the perspective of brain-gut regulatory mechanisms, we will combine brain neuroimaging and gut microbiological data to partially reveal the similarities and differences of acupuncture and flunarizine on the treatment of migraine. The trial is registered with ChiCTR2000034417.

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