scholarly journals Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Esraa A ElHawary ◽  
Herbenya Peixoto ◽  
Rola M Labib ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans

Background: Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied.The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcoholic extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. Methods: In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Results: More than forty polyphenols ,including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside.The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Discussion: A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites from Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Esraa A ElHawary ◽  
Herbenya Peixoto ◽  
Rola M Labib ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans

Background: Schotia brachypetala Sond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied.The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcoholic extract from S. brachypetala leaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods. Methods: In vitro assays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, and in vivo assays: Caenorhabditis elegans strains maintenance, Intracellular ROS in C. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Results: More than forty polyphenols ,including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genus Schotia for the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside.The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression. Discussion: A pronounced antioxidant activity in vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo correlates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

scholarly journals Identification of phenolic secondary metabolites fromSchotia brachypetalaSond. (Fabaceae) and demonstration of their antioxidant activities inCaenorhabditis elegans

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Esraa ElHawary ◽  
Herbenya Peixoto ◽  
Rola M. Labib ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent

BackgroundSchotia brachypetalaSond. (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of Southern Africa whose phytochemistry and pharmacology were slightly studied. The present work aimed at profiling the major phenolics compounds present in the hydro-alcohol extract fromS. brachypetalaleaves (SBE) using LC/HRESI/MS/MS and NMR and prove their antioxidant capabilities using novel methods.MethodsIn vitroassays; DPPH, TEAC persulfate decolorizing kinetic and FRAP assays, andin vivoassays:Caenorhabditis elegansstrains maintenance, Intracellular ROS inC. elegans, Survival assay, GFP expression and Subcellular DAF-16 localization were employed to evaluate the antioxidant activity.ResultsMore than forty polyphenols, including flavonoid glycosides, galloylated flavonoid glycosides, isoflavones, dihydrochalcones, procyanidins, anthocyanins, hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives, hydrolysable tannins, and traces of methylated and acetylated flavonoid derivatives were identified. Three compounds were isolated and identified from the genusSchotiafor the first time, namely gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-L-1C4-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-L-1C4-rhamnoside. The total phenolics content of SBE was (376 mg CAE/g), followed by flavonoids (67.87 QE/g).In vitroantioxidant activity of SBE was evidenced by DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50of 9 µg/mL), FRAP ferric reducing activity (5,000 mol Fe2+E/mg) and ABTS peroxide inhibiting activity (1,054 mM Trolox E/mg). The tested extract was able to protect the worms against juglone induced oxidative stress, an increased survival rate (up to 41%) was recorded, when compared with the control group (11%) and attenuate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in dose-dependent and reached up to 72% for the highest tested concentration. SBE was also able to attenuate the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) expression in dose-dependent up to 60% in the 150 µg SBE/mL group. In DAF-16 Subcellular localization SBE treated worms showed nuclear localization pattern up to 78%, while it was only 5% in the untreated control group.DiscussionA pronounced antioxidant activityin vivo, which can be attributed to its ability to promote the nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FOXO, the main transcription factor regulating the expression of stress response genes. The remarkable antioxidant activityin vitroandin vivocorrelates to SBE rich phenolic profile.

scholarly journals Expanding the Biological Application of Fluorescent Benzothiadiazole Derivatives: A Phenotypic Screening Strategy for Anthelmintic Drug Discovery Using Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovana A. S. Cintra ◽  
Brenno A. D. Neto ◽  
Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho ◽  
Carolina B. Moraes ◽  
Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Compound Libraries

The current methodologies used to identify promising new anthelmintic compounds rely on subjective microscopic examination of worm motility or involve genetic modified organisms. We describe a new methodology to detect worm viability that takes advantage of the differential incorporation of the fluorescent molecular marker propidium iodide and the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole core, which has been widely applied in light technology. The new assay developed could be validated using the “Pathogen Box” library. By use of this bioassay, it was possible to identify three molecules with activity against Caenorhabditis elegans that were previously described as effective in in vitro assays against other pathogens, such as Schistosoma mansoni, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Plasmodium falciparum, accelerating the identification of molecules with anthelmintic potential. The current fluorescence-based bioassay may be used for assessing C. elegans viability. The described methodology replaces the subjectivity of previous assays and provides an enabling technology that is useful for rapid in vitro screens of both natural and synthetic compound libraries. It is expected that the results obtained from these robust in vitro screens would select the most effective compounds for follow-up in vivo experimentation with pathogenic helminths.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol Extracts from Olive Leaves on Caenorhabditis elegans

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Luo ◽  
Xuelian Jiang ◽  
Liping Jia ◽  
Chengyue Tan ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Main Component

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts from olive leaves (EOL). The main contents of EOL were determined by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activities were assessed by measuring the scavenging free radicals in vitro. To investigate the antioxidant activity in vivo, we detected the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans, under thermal stress. Subsequently the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, activities of antioxidant enzymes, the expression of HSP-16.2 and the translocation of daf-16 were measured. The results showed that, polyphenols was the main component. EOL could well scavenge DPPH and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Compared to the control group, the survival rate of C. elegans treated with EOL was extended by 10.43%, under heat stress. The ROS level was reduced, while the expression of hsp-16.2 was increased to protect the organism against the increasing ROS. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) also decreased sharply. The activities of inner antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were potentiated, which might have had a correlation with the DAF-16 transcription factor that was induced-turned into the nuclear. Therefore, EOL showed a strong antioxidant ability in vitro and in vivo. Hence, it could be a potential candidate when it came to medicinal and edible plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of Cassia fistula (L.) using the Caenorhabditis elegans model

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Thabit ◽  
Heba Handoussa ◽  
Mariana Roxo ◽  
Nesrine S. El Sayed ◽  
Bruna Cestari de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
C Elegans

Background Cassia fistula (L.) (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant from tropical Asia. It is known for its marked antioxidant activity, which is attributed to its high phenolic content. The present study aims at testing both the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Cassia fistula using the Caenorhabditis elegans model, which is widely used in this context. Methods Chemical profiling of secondary metabolites that seem to be responsible for both antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities was carried out by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn. Antioxidant activity was tested in vitro by CUPRAC and DPPH assays. In vivo antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were investigated using the C. elegans model. Results The Cassia extract improved the survival rate of the nematodes and protected them against oxidative stress. In addition, a decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed. The important role of DAF-16/FOXO pathway was confirmed through an increased nuclear localization of the DAF-16 transcription factor, increased expression of SOD-3 stress response gene and decreased expression of HSP-16.2. Furthermore, the putative involvement of SKN-1/NRF2 pathway was demonstrated by a decrease in GST-4 levels. A neuroprotective activity of the Cassia extract was shown by a decline in polyglutamine (polyQ40) aggregate formation and a delay in paralysis caused by amyloid beta (Aβ1–42) accumulation. Discussion The Cassia extract exhibits substantial antioxidant and neuroprotective activities in vivo, which might provide a rich and novel source of natural antioxidants and neuroprotective compounds to be further studied for the use in various food and cosmetic industrial fields.

Caenorhabditis elegans lin-25: A Study of Its Role in Multiple Cell Fate Specification Events Involving Ras and the Identification and Characterization of Evolutionarily Conserved Domains

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1096
Author(s):  
Lars Nilsson ◽  
Teresa Tiensuu ◽  
Simon Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Cell Fate Specification ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Vulval Development ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
C Elegans

Abstract Caenorhabditis elegans lin-25 functions downstream of let-60 ras in the genetic pathway for the induction of the 1° cell fate during vulval development and encodes a novel 130-kD protein. The biochemical activity of LIN-25 is presently unknown, but the protein appears to function together with SUR-2, whose human homologue binds to Mediator, a protein complex required for transcriptional regulation. We describe here experiments that indicate that, besides its role in vulval development, lin-25 also participates in the fate specification of a number of other cells in the worm that are known to require Ras-mediated signaling. We also describe the cloning of a lin-25 orthologue from C. briggsae. Sequence comparisons suggest that the gene is evolving relatively rapidly. By characterizing the molecular lesions associated with 10 lin-25 mutant alleles and by assaying in vivo the activity of mutants lin-25 generated in vitro, we have identified three domains within LIN-25 that are required for activity or stability. We have also identified a sequence that is required for efficient nuclear translocation. We discuss how lin-25 might act in cell fate specification in C. elegans within the context of models for lin-25 function in cell identity and cell signaling.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo Model to Assess Amphetamine Tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dayana Torres Valladares ◽  
Sirisha Kudumala ◽  
Murad Hossain ◽  
Lucia Carvelli
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
In Vitro Data

Amphetamine is a potent psychostimulant also used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. In vivo and in vitro data have demonstrated that amphetamine increases the amount of extra synaptic dopamine by both inhibiting reuptake and promoting efflux of dopamine through the dopamine transporter. Previous studies have shown that chronic use of amphetamine causes tolerance to the drug. Thus, since the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance to amphetamine are still unknown, an animal model to identify the neurochemical mechanisms associated with drug tolerance is greatly needed. Here we took advantage of a unique behavior caused by amphetamine in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> to investigate whether this simple, but powerful, genetic model develops tolerance following repeated exposure to amphetamine. We found that at least 3 treatments with 0.5 mM amphetamine were necessary to see a reduction in the amphetamine-induced behavior and, thus, to promote tolerance. Moreover, we found that, after intervals of 60/90 minutes between treatments, animals were more likely to exhibit tolerance than animals that underwent 10-minute intervals between treatments. Taken together, our results show that <i>C. elegans</i> is a suitable system to study tolerance to drugs of abuse such as amphetamines.

scholarly journals An Overview of Structural Aspects and Health Beneficial Effects of Antioxidant Oligosaccharides

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 1759-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane F. Vieira ◽  
Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽  
Rosely A. Peralta ◽  
Regina F. Peralta-Muniz-Moreira ◽  
Adelar Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Background: Non-digestible oligosaccharides are versatile sources of chemical diversity, well known for their prebiotic actions, found naturally in plants or produced by chemical or enzymatic synthesis or by hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Compared to polyphenols or even polysaccharides, the antioxidant potential of oligosaccharides is still unexplored. The aim of the present work was to provide an up-to-date, broad and critical contribution on the topic of antioxidant oligosaccharides. Methods: The search was performed by crossing the words oligosaccharides and antioxidant. Whenever possible, attempts at establishing correlations between chemical structure and antioxidant activity were undertaken. Results: The most representative in vitro and in vivo studies were compiled in two tables. Chitooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides and their derivatives were the most studied up to now. The antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides depend on the degree of polymerization and the method used for depolymerization. Other factors influencing the antioxidant strength are solubility, monosaccharide composition, the type of glycosidic linkages of the side chains, molecular weight, reducing sugar content, the presence of phenolic groups such as ferulic acid, and the presence of uronic acid, among others. Modification of the antioxidant capacity of oligosaccharides has been achieved by adding diverse organic groups to their structures, thus increasing also the spectrum of potentially useful molecules. Conclusion: A great amount of high-quality evidence has been accumulating during the last decade in support of a meaningful antioxidant activity of oligosaccharides and derivatives. Ingestion of antioxidant oligosaccharides can be visualized as beneficial to human and animal health.

scholarly journals Identification of gmhA, a Yersinia pestis Gene Required for Flea Blockage, by Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Biofilm System

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 7236-7242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Creg Darby ◽  
Sandya L. Ananth ◽  
Li Tan ◽  
B. Joseph Hinnebusch
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Insertion Mutants ◽  
Random Screening

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the cause of bubonic plague, blocks feeding by its vector, the flea. Recent evidence indicates that blockage is mediated by an in vivo biofilm. Y. pestis and the closely related Yersinia pseudotuberculosis also make biofilms on the cuticle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which block this laboratory animal's feeding. Random screening of Y. pseudotuberculosis transposon insertion mutants with a C. elegans biofilm assay identified gmhA as a gene required for normal biofilms. gmhA encodes phosphoheptose isomerase, an enzyme required for synthesis of heptose, a conserved component of lipopolysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide. A Y. pestis gmhA mutant was constructed and was severely defective for C. elegans biofilm formation and for flea blockage but only moderately defective in an in vitro biofilm assay. These results validate use of the C. elegans biofilm system to identify genes and pathways involved in Y. pestis flea blockage.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activities and Reduced Amyloid-β Toxicity of 7-Hydroxycalamenene Isolated from the Essential Oil of Zelkova serrata Heartwood

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Pei-Ling Yen ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng ◽  
Chia-Cheng Wei ◽  
Huan-You Lin ◽  
Vivian Hsiu-Chuan Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
Zelkova Serrata

The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities and its potential to protect against amyloid-β toxicity of essential oils from Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino were investigated in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that the essential oil of Z. serrata heartwood exhibited great radical scavenging activities and high total phenolic content. In vivo assays showed significant inhibition of oxidative damage in wild-type C. elegans under juglone-induced oxidative stress and heat shock. Based on results from both in vitro and in vivo assays, the major compound in essential oil of heartwood, (-)-(1 S, 4 S)-7-hydroxycalamenene (1 S, 4 S-7HC), may contribute significantly to the observed antioxidant activity. Further evidence showed that 1 S, 4 S-7HC significantly delayed the paralysis phenotype in amyloid beta-expressing transgenic C. elegans. These findings suggest that 1 S, 4 S-7HC from the essential oil of Z. serrata heartwood has potential as a source for antioxidant or Alzheimer's disease treatment.

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