Conversion of Brazilian savannah to agricultural land affects quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 115509
Author(s):  
Rafael S. Santos ◽  
Martin Wiesmeier ◽  
Dener M.S. Oliveira ◽  
Jorge L. Locatelli ◽  
Matheus S.C. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Labile Soil Organic Matter

scholarly journals Microbial Respiration as Indicator of Soil Quality of Different Land Uses in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Cheryl Batistel ◽  
Marlito Jose Bande
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Land Uses

Land use conversion affects soil ecosystem quality and balance, which can be reflected by microbial activities. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of microbial respiration as indicator of soil quality of different land uses, reforestation site, agricultural land and grassland, in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte. The amount of CO2 evolved after one, three and seven days of incubation was used to determine microbial respiration rate of different land uses and across relief. Relationship between microbial respiration on pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and moisture content at field capacity were also examined. Results revealed that microbial respiration varies significantly among land uses with the highest rate observed in grassland while the lowest was in the reforestation site. Across relief, amount of CO2 released was significantly higher in the lower slope compared to the upper and the middle. The process tends to be significantly influenced by soil organic matter and moisture content. Results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between microbial respiration and organic matter, and a direct relationship with moisture content. High soil respiration in the grassland and in the lower topographic relief implies that the soil organic matter is converted into inorganic forms which are available for uptake by plants. A significant interaction between land use types and relief was also observed in both organic matter and moisture content leading enhanced microbial respiration. Land use and relief showed no significant effect on total nitrogen and soil pH.

Susceptibility of Groundwater to Pesticide and Nitrate Contamination in Predisposed Areas of Southwestern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray Lampman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Agricultural practices today employ a vast array of chemicals in large volumes in order to improve both the quantity and quality of our agricultural products. While it has long been recognized that runoff from agricultural land has the potential to degrade surface water quality, only recently has attention been focused on the effect of agricultural usage on groundwater. In order to study the effects of pesticides and nitrate usage on the quality of groundwater, in 1985 the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy began operating a groundwater monitoring program in southwestern Ontario. Data generated from this program, which utilized sample data collected from both wells and piezometers, indicate that in areas of heavy pesticide and nitrate usage, shallow groundwater is continuously testing positive for nitrate and a variety of pesticides. Factors which influence the number of positive incidents for pesticides are directly related to the persistence of the chemical, its method of application, and the amounts utilized. Soil types and depth to groundwater, although influencing the time of detection, do not govern the number of detection events. Changes in agricultural practices are also monitored to see if pesticide reduction, a variation in the method of application, crop rotations and an increase in soil organic matter could influence the levels of pesticide It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotations were also effective in reducing the level of pesticides in groundwater. Tillage practices and increases in soil organic matter were also effective in reducing pesticide contamination. It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotation and reduction in nitrate loadings were found to be the only effective methods to reduce nitrate loading to groundwater. It was also found that elevated levels of potassium and/or nitrate in groundwater serve as a reliable indicator of the groundwater susceptibility to pesticide contamination. Remedial action to alleviate the impact of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater must focus on the chemical usage patterns employed on the farm site and an overall reduction of the quantities of pesticides and nitrates utilized. These patterns must incorporate a well-designed program of crop rotation with the proper utilization of these chemicals on site.

scholarly journals Chemical and Phytocoenological Characteristics of Two Different Slovak Peatlands

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Danica Fazekašová ◽  
Gabriela Barančíková ◽  
Juraj Fazekaš ◽  
Lenka Štofejová ◽  
Ján Halas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemical Parameters

This paper presents the results of pedological and phytocoenological research focused on the detailed research of chemical parameters (pH, organic carbon, and nutrients), risk elements (As-metalloid, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and species composition of the vegetation of two different peatlands on the territory of Slovakia—Belianske Lúky (a fen) and Rudné (a bog). Sampling points were selected to characterize the profile of the organosol within the peatland, the soil profile between the peatland and the agricultural land, and the soil profile of the outlying agricultural land, which is used as permanent grassland. Based on phytocoenological records, a semi-quantitative analysis of taxa in accordance with the Braun–Blanquet scale was performed. The study revealed that the thickness of the peat horizon of the fen in comparison with the bog is very low. In terms of the quality of organic matter, the monitored peatlands are dominated by fresh plant residues such as cellulose and lignin. Differences between individual types of peatlands were also found in the soil reaction and the supply of nitrogen to the organic matter of peat. The values of the soil exchange reaction were neutral on the fen, as well as slightly alkaline but extremely low on the bog. A significantly higher nitrogen supply was found in the organic matter of the fen in contrast to the bog. At the same time, extremely low content of accessible P and an above-limit content of As in the surface horizons were also found on the fen. From the phytocoenological point of view, 22 plant species were identified on the fen, while only five species were identified on the bog, which also affected the higher diversity (H’) and equitability (e). The results of the statistical testing confirmed the diversity of the studied peatlands and the different impact of environmental variables on plant diversity.

scholarly journals European survey shows poor association between soil organic matter and crop yields

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Wytse J. Vonk ◽  
Martin K. van Ittersum ◽  
Pytrik Reidsma ◽  
Laura Zavattaro ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Farm Survey

AbstractA number of policies proposed to increase soil organic matter (SOM) content in agricultural land as a carbon sink and to enhance soil fertility. Relations between SOM content and crop yields however remain uncertain. In a recent farm survey across six European countries, farmers reported both their crop yields and their SOM content. For four widely grown crops (wheat, grain maize, sugar beet and potato), correlations were explored between reported crop yields and SOM content (N = 1264). To explain observed variability, climate, soil texture, slope, tillage intensity, fertilisation and irrigation were added as co-variables in a linear regression model. No consistent correlations were observed for any of the crop types. For wheat, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between SOM and crop yields in the Continental climate, with yields being on average 263 ± 4 (95% CI) kg ha−1 higher on soils with one percentage point more SOM. In the Atlantic climate, a significant negative correlation was observed for wheat, with yields being on average 75 ± 2 (95%CI) kg ha−1 lower on soils with one percentage point more SOM (p < 0.05). For sugar beet, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOM and crop yields was suggested for all climate zones, but this depended on a number of relatively low yield observations. For potatoes and maize, no significant correlations were observed between SOM content and crop yields. These findings indicate the need for a diversified strategy across soil types, crops and climates when seeking farmers’ support to increase SOM.

scholarly journals Estimasi Karbon Tersimpan pada Nekromassa Tumbuhan di Rawa Lebak Kecamatan Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Siam Melina ◽  
Krisdianto Krisdianto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Living Plant ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Potential Area

South Kalimantan is one of carbon contributor with an area of swamp with ± 1,140,207 ha area of swamp land. The potential area for changed to be an agricultural land is ± 763,207 ha, and the remain used for pool when the rainy season is come. The highest C reserve is in biomass (mass of living-plant part) and necromass (mass of dead-plant part) at the top soil, microbe, and soil-organic matter. Based on description above, the problem is how much stored-carbon in necromass of plant at martapura lowland swamp, because the largest carbon storage found in necromass of plant. The purpose of this study was to estimate the stored carbon contained in necromass of vegetation in lowland swamp. This research has been done in Martapura from April to July 2009. Sampling is done at 4 location include Tungkaran village, Keramat Baru village, Sungai Rangas village and Sungai Tabuk village. Each sampling location divided into 2 stations in one sampling. Analysis of stored-carbon in necromass of plant is using Walkey and Black Method. The result showed that average ranges of carbon stored in plant necromass are 490,95 – 1744,66 gm-2.  

scholarly journals Biomass of Coarse Woody Debris Following Fire and Clearcutting in Lodgepole Pine Forests

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Dennis Knight ◽  
Daniel Tinker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Micro Organisms

In forest ecosystems, the decomposition of coarse woody debris, woody roots, twigs, leaves and micro-organisms is a primary source of mineral soil organic matter. Primary productivity, the accumulation of nutrients, and other important ecosystem processes are largely dependent on the mineral soil organic matter that has developed during hundreds or thousands of years. Large quantities of coarse woody debris are typically produced following natural disturbances such as fires, pest/pathogen outbreaks, and windstorms, and make a significant contribution to the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast, timber harvesting often removes much of the coarse woody debris (CWD), which could result in a decrease in the quantity and a change in the quality of mineral soil organic matter.

Quality of Soil Organic Matter Under Crop Rotations and Continuous Cultures

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
B. P. Boincean ◽  
L. I. Bulat ◽  
M. A. Bugaciuc ◽  
M. Cebotari ◽  
V. V. Cuzeac
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Continuous Cultures

scholarly journals Effect of Different Doses of Nutrients on Changes of Soil Organic Matter in Rendzic Leptosol

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Erika Tobiašová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract The effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in Rendzic Leptosol was evaluated. Soil samples were taken from three treatments of different fertilization: (1) control - without fertilization, (2) NPK 1 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 1st degree intensity for vine, and (3) NPK 3 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 3rd degree intensity for vine in the vineyard. Soil samples were collected in years 2008-2011 during the spring. The higher dose of NPK fertilizer (3rd degree intensity of vineyards fertilization) was responsible for the higher content of labile carbon (by 21% in 0-0.3 m and by 11% as average of the two depths 0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m). However, by application of a higher dose of NPK (1.39%) in comparison to no fertilizer treatment (1.35%) or NPK 1 (1.35%) the tendency of total organic carbon content increase and hot-water soluble carbon decrease were determined. Fertilization had a negative effect on SOM stability. Intensity of fertilization affected the changes in quantity and quality of SOM; therefore it is very important to pay attention to the quantity and quality of organic matter in productive vineyards.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document