scholarly journals Characterization of Changes and Driver Microbes in Gut Microbiota During Healthy Aging Using a Captive Monkey Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yuan Wei ◽  
Jun-Hua Rao ◽  
Ming-Tian Tang ◽  
Guo-An Zhao ◽  
Qi-Chun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Monkey Model

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of a Polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata and Its Bioactivity on Gut Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4443
Author(s):  
Jiangyan Huo ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Jinjun Hou ◽  
Zijia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

A novel homogeneous polysaccharide named GEP-1 was isolated and purified from Gastrodia elata (G. elata) by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and membrane separator. GEP-1, which has a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa, contains a polysaccharide framework comprised of only glucose. Methylation and NMR analysis showed that GEP-1 contained 1,3,6-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-β-Glcp and 1,4,6-linked-α-Glcp. Interestingly, GEP-1 contained citric acid and repeating p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as one branch. Furthermore, a bioactivity test showed that GEP-1 could significantly promote the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L.paracasei) strains. These results implied that GEP-1 might be useful for human by modulating gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota profiles and characterization of cultivable fungal isolates in IBS patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Sciavilla ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Monica Di Paola ◽  
Monica Modesto ◽  
Francesco Vitali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Studies so far conducted on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been focused mainly on the role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in modulating the intestinal permeability, inflammation, and motility, with consequences on the quality of life. Limited evidences showed a potential involvement of gut fungal communities. Here, the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota of a cohort of IBS patients have been characterized and compared with that of healthy subjects (HS). The IBS microbial community structure differed significantly compared to HS. In particular, we observed an enrichment of bacterial taxa involved in gut inflammation, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Fusobacteria, Gemella, and Rothia, as well as depletion of health-promoting bacterial genera, such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium. Gut microbial profiles in IBS patients differed also in accordance with constipation. Sequence analysis of the gut mycobiota showed enrichment of Saccharomycetes in IBS. Culturomics analysis of fungal isolates from feces showed enrichment of Candida spp. displaying from IBS a clonal expansion and a distinct genotypic profiles and different phenotypical features when compared to HS of Candida albicans isolates. Alongside the well-characterized gut bacterial dysbiosis in IBS, this study shed light on a yet poorly explored fungal component of the intestinal ecosystem, the gut mycobiota. Our results showed a differential fungal community in IBS compared to HS, suggesting potential for new insights on the involvement of the gut mycobiota in IBS. Key points • Comparison of gut microbiota and mycobiota between IBS and healthy subjects • Investigation of cultivable fungi in IBS and healthy subjects • Candida albicans isolates result more virulent in IBS subjects compared to healthy subjects

scholarly journals Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Karolina Ferenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

scholarly journals A novel combined approach based on HTF-Microbi.Array and qPCR for a reliable characterization of theBifidobacterium-dominated gut microbiota of breast-fed infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 343 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Centanni ◽  
Silvia Turroni ◽  
Elena Biagi ◽  
Marco Severgnini ◽  
Clarissa Consolandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Breast Fed

scholarly journals Characterization of Oral and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Psoriatic Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
T Todberg ◽  
H Kaiser ◽  
C Zachariae ◽  
A Egeberg ◽  
A Halling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Characterization of gut microbiota associated with clinical parameters in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Xuehai Chen ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Chuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

Abstract Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that specifically occurs in pregnancy. Elevated levels of liver transaminases aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and serum bilirubin levels are common biochemical characteristics in ICP. The disorder is associated with an increased risk of premature delivery and stillbirth. The characterization of the potential microbiota in ICP could go a long way in the prevention and treatment of this pregnancy disease. Methods A total of 58 patients were recruited for our study: 27 ICP patients and 31 healthy pregnant subjects with no ICP. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rDNA collected from fecal samples of both diseased and control groups were amplified. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was then performed on gut microbiota. Sequencing data were analyzed and the correlation between components of microbiota and patient ICP status was found. Related metabolic pathways, relative abundance and significantly different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between ICP and controls were also identified. Results Elevated levels of total bile acid, ALT, AST, Dbil and Tbil were recorded or observed in ICP subjects as compared to the control. Gut microbiota in pregnant women was dominated by four major phyla and 27 core genera. PCoA analysis results indicated that there was no significant clustering in Bray–Curtis distance matrices. Our results showed that there was a correlation between specific OTUs and measured clinical parameters of pregnant women. Comparison at the different taxonomy levels revealed high levels of abundance of Blautia and Citrobacter in ICP patients. At the family level, Enterobacteriaceae and Leuconostocaceae were higher in ICP patients. 638 KEGG Orthologs and 138 pathways significantly differed in the two groups. PLS-DA model with VIP plots indicated a total of eight genera and seven species were key taxa in ICP and control groups. Conclusions Our research indicated that although there was no significant clustering by PCoA analysis, patients with ICP have increased rare bacteria at different phylogenetic levels. Our results also illustrated that all 638 KEGG Orthologs and 136 in 138 KEGG pathways were less abundant in ICP patients compared to the controls.

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