HIV–TB co-infection and associated risk factors among HIV positive patients at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, South-West Nigeria

Background: Anaemia is a public health problem globally affecting 293.1 million children and 28.5% of these children are in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and the associated risk factors of anaemia in children aged 6 months to 15 years admitted to the University Teaching Hospital. There have been no studies done at University Teaching Hospital to establish the burden of anaemia in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to December 2016. 351 children were recruited through convenient sampling methods. Data collection sheet was used to collect socio-demographic and anthropometry data. The prevalence, associated risk factors of anaemia, and morphological types of anaemia were determined after blood investigations were done. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. The association between predictors and outcome variables were measured using logistic regression and bivariate analysis. Ethical permission was obtained, consent from parents/guardians was taken and confidentiality was maintained. Results: A total of 351 children were studied. The mean age was 3 years (IOR 2-7 years). 45.9% were females and 54.1% were males (P=0.12). The mean cell volume was 74. 5fL.Malnourished children were 37.9% among those who were anaemic as compared to 33.7% in the non-anaemic group. 7.4% of children had positive malaria by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). 23.8% had a positive sickling test. The prevalence of anaemia was 161/351 (45.9%). Mild, moderate, severe anaemia was 47/161(29%), 86/161(53%) and 28/161(17%) respectively. The age group 6 months to 5 years was the most affected with 59% mildly, 69.8% moderately and 71.4% severely anaemic. On bivariate analysis malnutrition, HIV, malaria, age and sex were not associated with anaemia and there was no statistical difference. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of haemoglobin S was the only risk factor independently strongly associated with Anaemia (CI-0.2-0.7), p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Anaemia is a health problem at University Teaching hospital and the under-five age group is the most affected. Predictors of mild, moderate and severe anaemia is sickle cell disease. Therefore, improving on early screening of sickle cell disease and investigating the role of iron deficiency anaemia are some of the strategies to be advocated.

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Analysis of vancomycin use and associated risk factors in a university teaching hospital: a prospective cohort study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-7-88 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Moacyr S Junior ◽

Luci Correa ◽

Alexandre R Marra ◽

Luis FA Camargo ◽

Carlos AP Pereira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

University Teaching ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence and predictive risk factors of hypertension in patients hospitalized in Kamenge Military hospital and Kamenge University teaching hospital in 2019: A fixed effect modelling study in Burundi

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. e0260225

Author(s):

Arnaud Iradukunda ◽

Emmanuel Nene Odjidja ◽

Stephane Karl Ndayishima ◽

Egide Ngendakumana ◽

Gabin Pacifique Ndayishimiye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

University Teaching ◽

Retrospective Data ◽

High Burden ◽

Referral Hospitals ◽

Predictive Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Introduction Hypertension is a major threat to public health globally. Especially in sub-Saharan African countries, this coexists with high burden of other infectious diseases, creating a complex public health situation which is difficult to address. Tackling this will require targeted public health intervention based on evidence that well defines the at risk population. In this study, using retrospective data from two referral hospitals in Burundi, we model the risk factors of hypertension in Burundi. Materials and methods Retrospective data of a sample of 353 randomly selected from a population of 4,380 patients admitted in 2019 in two referral hospitals in Burundi: Military and University teaching hospital of Kamenge. The predictive risk factors were carried out by fixed effect logistic regression. Model performance was assessed with Area under Curve (AUC) method. Model was internally validated using bootstrapping method with 2000 replications. Both data processing and data analysis were done using R software. Results Overall, 16.7% of the patients were found to be hypertensive. This study didn’t showed any significant difference of hypertension’s prevalences among women (16%) and men (17.7%). After adjustment of the model for cofounding covariates, associated risk factors found were advanced age (40–59 years) and above 60 years, high education level, chronic kidney failure, high body mass index, familial history of hypertension. In absence of these highlighted risk factors, the risk of hypertension occurrence was about 2 per 1000 persons. This probability is more than 90% in patients with more than three risk factors. Conclusion The relatively high prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in Burundi raises a call for concern especially in this context where there exist an equally high burden of infectious diseases, other chronic diseases including chronic malnutrition. Targeting interventions based on these identified risk factors will allow judicious channel of resources and effective public health planning.

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