Training 90° bimanual coordination at high frequency yields dependence on kinesthetic information and poor performance of dyadic unimanual coordination

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 102855
Author(s):  
Shaochen Huang ◽  
Jacob Layer ◽  
Derek Smith ◽  
Geoffrey P. Bingham ◽  
Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Kinesthetic Information

Effects of Learning and Movement Frequency on Polyrhythmic Tapping Performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Tajima ◽  
Koji Choshi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Coordination Patterns

This study examined the effect of learning a complex bimanual coordination task at different movement frequencies. 30 subjects performed 5:3 polyrhythmic tapping at either high, medium, or low movement frequency on a rhythmic synchronization task and then reproduced the polyrhythmic pattern repeatedly in the spontaneous task. Analysis showed that practice on the synchronization task qualitatively changed correct responses into anticipatory ones. The synchronization learning of the polyrhythm caused the anticipatory responses and so, may involve memorization of serial positions within the polyrhythm. Also, more anticipatory responses were indicated in performance at the medium and low frequencies than at the high frequency on the synchronization task. In addition, deviations of taps from expected tapping positions were observed in performance of the spontaneous task at the high frequency. These results suggest that the movement frequency qualitatively influenced the learning of this bimanual coordination. Especially at the high frequency, frequent shifts to other coordination patterns occurred on the spontaneous task. This means that the performance at higher frequency is more strongly affected by entrainment between the two hands.

scholarly journals Synchronous Mixing Architecture for Digital Bandwidth Interleaving Sampling System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1998
Author(s):  
Xiaochang Jiang ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yubo Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Time Interleaved ◽  
Evaluation Platform ◽  
Hybrid Filter Bank

By using a mixer to down-convert the high frequency components of a signal, digital bandwidth interleaving (DBI) technology can simultaneously increase the sampling rate and bandwidth of the sampling system, compared to the time-interleaved and hybrid filter bank. However, the software and hardware of the classical architecture are too complicated, which also leads to poor performance. In particular, the pilot tone used to synchronize the analog and digital local oscillators (LO) of mixers intermodulates with the high frequency components of the signal, resulting in larger spurs. This paper proposes a synchronous mixing architecture for the DBI system, where the LO of the analog mixer is synchronized with the sampling clock of the analog-to-digital converter. Its hardware and software are simplified—the pilot tone used to synchronize the LOs can also be removed. An evaluation platform with a sampling rate of 250 MSPS is implemented to illustrate the performance of the new architecture. The result shows that the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the new architecture is more than 20 dB higher than the classical one in a high frequency range. The rise time of a step signal of the new architecture is 0.578 ± 0.070 ns faster than the classical one with the same bandwidth (90 MHz).

The Design and Control of a Rigid-flexible Coupling Positioning Stage for Enhanced Settling Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Peng ◽  
Zhijun Yang ◽  
Wenchao Xue ◽  
Ruirui Huang ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
Positioning Stage

Abstract Traditional high-speed precision motion stage (HSPMS) design pursues high-stiffness structure to achieve fast response. However, such structure leads to high-frequency disturbance near dead zone of friction, which causes poor performance in controlling HSPMS. To this end, this paper proposes the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based mechanical design to reduce the bandwidth of friction disturbance and improve the control performance of HSPMS. It is proved that the low-frequency disturbance can be more effectively tackled by the extended state observer (ESO) in the frame of ADRC. In particular, rigid-flexible coupling (RFC) positioning stage is presented for converting the high-frequency friction disturbance into the low-frequency elastic deformation disturbance by flexure hinges. The experimental tests are carried out for both traditional stage and RFC stage. It is clearly shown that compared with traditional design, the control performance of RFC stage is remarkably promoted.

scholarly journals Monotic Auditory Processing Disorder Tests in the Older Adult Population

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarke L. Cox ◽  
Sandra L. McCoy ◽  
Patricia A. Tun ◽  
Arthur Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Older Adult Population

The purpose of this study was to determine if peripheral hearing loss of varying degrees in elderly subjects affected performance on monotic auditory processing disorder (APD) tests. A battery of monotic APD tests was administered to a group of well-educated and high-functioning older adults who were divided into three subgroups based on hearing acuity but similar in age: (1) normal hearing out to 4000 Hz with a slight high-frequency slope above that point, (2) normal hearing in the speech range but greater high-frequency loss (sloping configuration), and (3) hearing loss in both the low and high frequencies (low/high). The findings documented that subjects with normal hearing in the speech range performed well on all the APD tests. The subjects in the two hearing loss groups, however, performed more poorly on certain tests. The low/high loss subjects did significantly poorer than did the sloping subjects. These data suggest that low/high-frequency peripheral hearing loss is a factor for poor performance on certain monotic APD tests. Results further showed that when cognitive ability and presentation level are held constant, chronological age does not appear to be a contributing factor to performance on the majority of these monotic APD tests. If APD tests are to be administered to elder subjects, peripheral hearing loss configuration needs to be documented. For subjects with low/high-frequency losses, the tester needs to be aware that serious contamination of the results may occur. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si las pérdidas auditivas periféricas de diferentes grados en sujetos mayores afectaban el desempeño en pruebas monóticas para trastornos de procesamiento auditivo (APD). Una batería de pruebas monóticas para APD fue administrada a un grupo de adultos mayores bien educados y con alto nivel de funcionamiento, quienes fueron divididos en tres subgrupos con base en su agudeza auditiva, pero con edad similares: (1) audición normal hasta 4000 Hz pero con una leve pendiente en las frecuencias agudas por encima de ese punto, (2) audición normal en el rango del lenguaje pero con una pérdida mayor en frecuencias agudas (configuración en caída), y (3) pérdida auditiva tanto en frecuencia agudas como en altas (baja/alta). Los hallazgos documentaron que los sujetos con audición normal en el rango del lenguaje se desempeñaron bien en todas las pruebas APD. Los sujetos en los dos grupos de pérdida auditiva, sin embargo, se desempeñaron más pobremente en ciertas pruebas. Los sujetos de alta/baja rindieron significativamente peor que los sujetos de configuración en caída. Estos datos sugieren que la hipoacusia periférica en frecuencias altas/bajas es un factor de pobre desempeño en las pruebas monóticas en APD. Los resultados mostraron además que cuando la habilidad cognitiva y los niveles de presentación se mantienen constantes, la edad cronológica no parece ser un factor modificador del desempeño en la mayoría de estas pruebas monóticas en APD. Si se han de administrar estas pruebas para APD a adultos mayores, la configuración de la pérdida auditiva periférica debe ser documentada. Para sujetos con pérdidas auditivas en frecuencias bajas/altas el evaluador debe ser conciente de que puede ocurrir una seria contaminación de los resultados.

Increase in high frequency EEG activity explains the poor performance of EEG spectral entropy monitor during S-ketamine anesthesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 1660-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maksimow ◽  
M. Särkelä ◽  
J.W. Långsjö ◽  
E. Salmi ◽  
K.K. Kaisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Spectral Entropy ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia

An Application of the Articulation Index to Hearing Aid Fitting

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Rankovic
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Linear Amplification ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Articulation Index ◽  
The Relationship

The application of the articulation index (Al) model to the fitting of linear amplification was evaluated for 12 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Comparisons were made of amplification characteristics specified by the NAL (Byrne & Dillon, 1986) and POGO (McCandless & Lyregaard, 1983) prescriptions, as well as a procedure that attempted to maximize the Al (AlMax). For all subjects, the relationship between percent-correct scores on a nonsense syllable test and Als was monotonic for the two prescriptions, indicating that the Al was effective for comparing conditions typical of those recommended clinically. However, subjects having sloping high-frequency hearing losses demonstrated nonmonotonicity due to poor performance in the AlMax condition. For these subjects, the AlMax condition required much more gain at high than at low frequencies, circumstances that Skinner (1980) warned will cause less-than-optimal performance for individuals having sloping high-frequency hearing loss.

Advantage of Early Focus on Visual Information in Bi-Modal Training of Bimanual Coordination

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-633
Author(s):  
Shaochen Huang ◽  
Boyi Dai ◽  
Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Extended Training ◽  
Visual Demonstration ◽  
Kinesthetic Information ◽  
Specific Learning

Abstract Previous studies have shown that learning bimanual coordination is modality-specific, and both visual and kinesthetic information about relative phase can be used to facilitate learning. However, an extended training with focus on visual information leads to the neglect of kinesthesis and a complete reliance on vision to perform the coordination. The current study explored the bi-modal training of bimanual coordination, where the participants were guided to attend to both visual and kinesthetic information to learn 90° coordination. Thirty participants in their 20s were trained for 10 sessions (two sessions a day for five days), during which they were randomly divided into three groups of 10 participants each to practice the coordination. The V–K group was focused first on visual information, and then on kinesthetic information, to learn the 90° coordination. The K–V group was focused first on kinesthetic information, and then on visual information to learn the coordination. The Random group randomly shifted their focus between visual and kinesthetic information to learn the coordination. All participants were tested as they performed the 90° coordination with and without visual information before, halfway, and after the training. The results showed that the bi-modal training yielded more improved and transferred coordination than the uni-modal training. However, among the three types of bi-modal training, the V–K schedule exhibited the most modality-specific learning and transfer. Therefore, when using both visual demonstration and physical guidance to teach bimanual coordination skills, providing visual demonstration in the early stage should be recommended.

The Microstructure of Steatite (Protoenstatite)

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Argon Ions ◽  
High Temperature Polymorph

IntroductionTraditional steatite ceramics, made by firing (vitrifying) hydrous magnesium silicate, have long been used as insulators for high frequency applications due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Early x-ray and optical analysis of steatites showed that they were composed largely of protoenstatite (MgSiO3) in a glassy matrix. Recent studies of enstatite-containing glass ceramics have revived interest in the polymorphism of enstatite. Three polymorphs exist, two with orthorhombic and one with monoclinic symmetry (ortho, proto and clino enstatite, respectively). Steatite ceramics are of particular interest a they contain the normally unstable high-temperature polymorph, protoenstatite.Experimental3mm diameter discs cut from steatite rods (∼10” long and 0.5” dia.) were ground, polished, dimpled, and ion-thinned to electron transparency using 6KV Argon ions at a beam current of 1 x 10-3 A and a 12° angle of incidence. The discs were coated with carbon prior to TEM examination to minimize charging effects.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document