Histologic changes in type A chronic atrophic gastritis indicating increased risk of neuroendocrine tumor development: the predictive role of dysplastic and severely hyperplastic enterochromaffin-like cell lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1827-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Vanoli ◽  
Stefano La Rosa ◽  
Ombretta Luinetti ◽  
Catherine Klersy ◽  
Rachele Manca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Type A ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Histologic Changes

Preverbal skills in 8-month-old children with sex chromosome trisomies

2020 ◽  
pp. 014272372096294
Author(s):  
Laura Zampini ◽  
Tiziana Burla ◽  
Gaia Silibello ◽  
Elena Capelli ◽  
Francesca Dall’Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Observation Session ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Vocal Productions

Individuals with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) have an increased risk of language delays and impairments. However, there are only a few data relative to their language development in early childhood. The present study aimed to investigate the preverbal skills shown by a group of 8-month-old children with SCTs to assess the presence of a possible early communicative delay. Moreover, the predictive role of early preverbal productions on later lexical development at 24 months was analysed. Twenty-six children with SCTs and 24 typically developing (TD) children participated in the study. Their use of vocal productions and gazes addressed to the communicative partner was assessed during a parent–child observation session held when the children were 8 months old. In addition, the children’s word comprehension at 8 months and their word production at 24 months were indirectly assessed by a parental report. Children’s word comprehension was similar in the two groups of children, whereas a significantly lower frequency per minute of gazes was found in children with SCTs than in TD children. A significantly lower proportion of children with SCTs showed the ability to produce babbling during the observation session, and significant differences were also found in the frequency of babbling utterances. No significant differences emerged among the subgroups of children with different types of SCTs. The predictive role of babbling on later lexical size was found in TD children but not in children with SCTs. This result could be probably explained by the small number of children in this group who could produce babbling utterances. The study leads to identify early signals of delay in the preverbal skills of children with SCTs. Early monitoring of their communicative development could help the clinicians in intervening with well-timed and targeted programmes.

scholarly journals The evolving role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of premalignant gastric lesions

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Waddingham ◽  
David Graham ◽  
Matthew Banks ◽  
Marnix Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Degree

Gastric adenocarcinoma is a disease that is often detected late, at a stage when curative treatment is unachievable. This must be addressed through changes in our approach to the identification of patients at increased risk by improving the detection and risk assessment of premalignant changes in the stomach, including chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Current guidelines recommend utilising random biopsies in a pathology-led approach in order to stage the extent and severity of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. This random method is poorly reproducible and prone to sampling error and fails to acknowledge recent advances in our understanding of the progression to gastric cancer as a non-linear, branching evolutionary model. Data suggest that recent advances in endoscopic imaging modalities, such as narrow band imaging, can achieve a high degree of accuracy in the stomach for the diagnosis of these premalignant changes. In this review, we outline recent data to support a paradigm shift towards an endoscopy-led approach to diagnosis and staging of premalignant changes in the stomach. High-quality endoscopic interrogation of the chronically inflamed stomach mucosa, supported by targeted biopsies, will lead to more accurate risk assessment, with reduced rates of under or missed diagnoses.

scholarly journals Trefoil Factor Family in Pre-neoplastic Lesions and Gastric Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Behrooznia ◽  
Pouya Ghaderi ◽  
Narges Jafarzadeh ◽  
Azra Izanloo ◽  
Sepideh Mansoori Majoofardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Activity ◽  
Trefoil Factor Family

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although the global incidence of gastric cancer has been decreased dramatically in recent decades, north and northwest of Iran have the highest incidence rate of gastric cancer. Whilst the surgical procedures for gastric cancer have been improved, there is no cure for that. The intestinal type of GC results from pre-neoplastic conditions including atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil Factors Family proteins (TFFs) are small and stable molecules secreted by the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. TFFs constitute a family of three peptides (TFF1, TFF2and TFF3) that are widely expressed in a tissue specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract. Variable TFFs expression in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions has been found. TFF1 has a tumor suppressor activity and inhibits tumorogenesis in gastric cancer. Its expression decreases in gastritis, gastric atrophy, dysplasia, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.TFF2 has a protective effect on gastrointestinal epithelium. As a prognostic factor, TFF2 expression decreases in gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. TFF3 is considered as an oncogenic factor in gastric tissues. Whilst the normal gastric tissues don’t express TFF3, it increases in intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, more studies are necessary to clarify the role of TFFs in GC and pre-neoplastic conditions. This review has focused on elucidating the important role of TFFs in gastric cancer and pre-neoplastic lesions.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: The Role of Acylglycerolphosphate Acyltransferases (AGPATs)

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Angeliki Karagiota ◽  
Georgia Chachami ◽  
Efrosyni Paraskeva
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Cell

Altered lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of aggressive tumors, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells reprogram fatty acid (FA) uptake, synthesis, storage, and usage to meet their increased energy demands. Central to these adaptive changes, is the conversion of excess FA to neutral triacylglycerides (TAG) and their storage in lipid droplets (LDs). Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), also known as lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), are a family of five enzymes that catalyze the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), the second step of the TAG biosynthesis pathway. PA, apart from its role as an intermediate in TAG synthesis, is also a precursor of glycerophospholipids and a cell signaling molecule. Although the different AGPAT isoforms catalyze the same reaction, they appear to have unique non-overlapping roles possibly determined by their distinct tissue expression and substrate specificity. This is best exemplified by the role of AGPAT2 in the development of type 1 congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and is also manifested by recent studies highlighting the involvement of AGPATs in the physiology and pathology of various tissues and organs. Importantly, AGPAT isoform expression has been shown to enhance proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer cells and correlates with increased risk of tumor development or aggressive phenotypes of several types of tumors.

Association of A313g Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) Inborn Polymorphism with Susceptibility to De Novo MDS

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1445-1445
Author(s):  
Sophia Zachaki ◽  
Chryssa Stavropoulou ◽  
Aggeliki Daraki ◽  
Marina Kalomoiraki ◽  
Panagoula Kollia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Type A ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Variant Genotype

Abstract Abstract 1445 Models for the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) imply the role of individual genetic variations in genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. GSTP1 enzyme plays a key role in detoxification of a variety of electrophilic compounds, such as benzo [a]-pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chemotherapy drugs and products of oxidative stress. GSTP1 acts through a common mechanism of conjugating reactive oxygen species (ROS) with glutathione, enabling their detoxification and elimination and thus defending tissues against DNA damage. The corresponding gene is subject to a single-nucleotide polymorphism (A313G) leading to abolished enzyme activity. Thus, individuals homozygous for the variant G allele (G/G) have a lower conjugating activity than individuals homozygous for the wild type A allele (A/A), while heterozygotes (A/G) display intermediate activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the GSTP1 polymorphism influences susceptibility to MDS and/or promote specific chromosomal aberrations. We conducted a case-control study in 310 de novo MDS patients and 370 unrelated healthy controls using both a conventional PCR-RFLP assay and a novel Real-Time PCR genotyping method using hybridization probe technology. The GSTP1 gene status was also evaluated in relation to patients' characteristics and chromosomal abnormalities. Comparison of the genotype distribution between controls and MDS cases revealed a significantly higher frequency of the variant genotypes (heterozygotes A/A and homozygotes G/G) among MDS patients, as compared to controls (p<0.0001, χ2=31.167, df=2). The most marked statistical difference between MDS patients and controls was observed between the wild-type (A/A) and the homozygous variant genotype (G/G), since subjects carrying the G/G variant genotype showed a 4.1-fold increased risk of MDS prevalence than subjects carrying the wild-type A/A genotype (p=0.000, χ2=30.5, d.f.=1, OR=4.098, 95%CI=[2.433–6.897]). Allele frequencies distribution analysis between patients and controls, showed that MDS patients exhibited a 1.9-fold increased risk of carrying at least one variant G allele, as compared to the controls (p<0.0001, d.f.=1, OR =1.9, 95%CI=[1.48–2.34]). There was no association between the GSTP1 polymorphism and gender or any specific cytogenetic subgroup, while stratification of patients according to age showed a differential GSTP1 genotype distribution (p=0.007). Our results, derived from the larger series of primary MDS cases tested for the GSTP1 genetic background, reveal an increased incidence of the GSTP1 variant genotypes among MDS patients, providing evidence for a potential pathogenetic role of the GSTP1 polymorphism on de novo MDS risk. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Bilateral Vocal Cord Carcinoma in a Sarcoidosis Patient during Infliximab Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Adriane D. M. Vorselaars ◽  
Elisabeth V. Sjögren ◽  
Coline H. M. van Moorsel ◽  
Jan C. Grutters
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Infliximab Therapy ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Infliximab Treatment ◽  
Sarcoidosis Patient ◽  
Larynx Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Although the role of TNF-αin tumor development is not fully understood, an increased risk of malignancy with TNF-α-inhibitors, such as infliximab, has been suggested.Case Presentation. We present a 54-year-old nonsmoking female sarcoidosis patient. After seven months of infliximab therapy a T1aN0M0 larynx carcinoma of the right vocal cord was found and excised. Within a year, whilst still on treatment, a second larynx carcinoma of the opposite vocal cord appeared.Discussion. A bilateral vocal cord tumor is rare, especially in a never smoker. Evidence on the role of infliximab in carcinogenesis is inconclusive. To date, there are no follow-up studies evaluating malignancy risk of infliximab therapy in sarcoidosis patients. No studies in other diseases focus on laryngeal carcinomas during infliximab use. We argue that infliximab treatment might have attributed to the rapid progression of vocal cord carcinomas in this patient with an a priori low risk tumor profile. This case illustrates that caution remains warranted in patients with previous malignancies when considering initiation of TNF-α-inhibitors.

OC.02.6 PREDICTIVE ROLE OF TWO BIOCHEMICAL SCORES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. S61-S62
Author(s):  
E. Miceli ◽  
D. Padula ◽  
M.V. Lenti ◽  
V. Imbesi ◽  
M. Di Stefano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

scholarly journals The predictive role of early recurrences of atrial arrhythmias after pulmonary vein cryoballoon ablation. Is blanking period an outdated concept? Insights from 12-month continuous cardiac monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karapet V. Davtyan ◽  
Arpi H. Topchyan ◽  
Hakob A. Brutyan ◽  
Elena N. Kalemberg ◽  
Maria S. Kharlap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cardiac Monitoring ◽  
Cryoballoon Ablation ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
Loop Recorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predictive Role

Abstract Background Early recurrences of atrial arrhythmias (ERAA) after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation do not predict procedural failure. A well-demarcated homogeneous lesion delivered by cryoballoon is less arrhythmogenic, and the recommended three-months blanking period may not refer to cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Objective We aimed to evaluate the predictive role of ERAA after second-generation CBA using an implantable loop recorder. Methods This prospective observational study enrolled 100 patients (58 males, median age 58) with paroxysmal/persistent AF undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) CBA using second-generation cryoballoon with simultaneous ECG loop recorder implantation. The duration of follow-up was 12 months, with scheduled visits at 3, 6 and 12 months. Results 99 patients from 100 completed the 12-month follow-up period. ERAA occurred in 31.3 % of patients. 83.9 % of patients with ERAA also developed late recurrences. The 12-month freedom from AF in patients with ERAA was significantly lower than in those without ERAA (p < 0.0001). Non-paroxysmal AF and longer arrhythmia history were associated with increased risk of both early (HR 3.27; 95 % CI 1.32–8.08; p = 0.010 and HR 1.0147; 95 % CI 1.008–1.086; p = 0.015, respectively) and late recurrences (HR 3.89; 95 % CI 1.67–9.04; p = 0.002 and HR 1.0142; 95 % CI 1.007–1.078; p = 0.019, respectively) of AF. ERAA were another predictor for procedural failure (HR 15.2; 95 % CI (6.42–35.99; p = 0.019). Conclusions ERAA occurred in the third of the patients after PV second-generation CBA and are strongly associated with procedural failure. Longer duration of AF history and persistent AF are independent predictors of AF’s early and late recurrence.

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