An cost-effective production of bacterial exopolysaccharide emulsifier for oil pollution bioremediation

The most essential scientifific and practical task in the area of ecological safety of pipelines operation is the development and improvement of methods of purifification and restoration of oil-contaminated soils. One of the most effificient and cost effective methods is electrochemical purifification, that does not require the use of expensive chemical reagents and soil excavation. However, the consideration of non-uniform contamination of various soil sections is required. The article examines the features of the organization and technological infrastructure for electrochemical purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soils when using a single electrical energy source, a method for calculating the design parameters of the corresponding installation is proposed. Effificient purifification of non-uniformly contaminated soil when using a specifified voltage is possible through the use of different-sized electrodes. For each soil type, the amount of transmitted electric charge required for soil purifification is determined by the concentration of the contaminant. Allocation of cathodes and anodes as parallel batteries and their connection using individual buses is an effective and energy-effificient solution, since an almost-uniform electric fifield is created in an inter-electrode space, thus allowing the reduction of the interelectrode resistance of the medium.

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Monitoring of Petroleum-Related Environmental Contamination Using Fluorescence Fingerprinting

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2006.029 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Literathy ◽

M. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Environmental Contamination ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Danube River ◽

Aromatic Components ◽

Analytical Approaches

Petroleum and its refined products are considered the most complex contaminants frequently impacting the environment in significant quantities. They have heterogeneous chemical composition and alterations occur during environmental weathering. No single analytical method exists to characterize the petroleum-related environmental contamination. For monitoring, the analytical approaches include gravimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic methods having significant differences in their selectivity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Recording fluorescence fingerprints of the cyclohexane extracts of the water, suspended solids, sediment or soil samples and applying appropriate statistical evaluation (e.g. by correlating the concatenated emission spectra of the fingerprints of the samples with arbitrary standards (e.g. petroleum products)), provides a powerful, cost-effective analytical tool for characterization of the type of oil pollution and detecting the most harmful aromatic components of the petroleum contaminated matrix. For monitoring purposes, the level of the contamination can be expressed as the equivalent concentration of an appropriate characteristic standard, based on the fluorescence intensities at the relevant characteristic wavelengths. These procedures are demonstrated in the monitoring of petroleum-related pollution in the water and suspended sediment in the Danube river basin

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THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION FROM VESSELS

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1975-1-177 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 1975 (1) ◽

pp. 177-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George C. Steinman ◽

ChappelWalter B.

Keyword(s):

Oil Pollution ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Monitoring And Control Systems ◽

Oily Water ◽

Discharge Monitoring ◽

Oily Waste ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of the Maritime Administration (MarAd) program to abate and control oil pollution from ships. The main thrust of the program is in the prevention of oil pollution through cost effective measures which would maintain the competitive position of the U.S. merchant fleet. The paper discusses such pollution abatement features as oil discharge monitoring and control systems, oily water separators, oily waste slop tanks, collision avoidance radar, and inert gas systems that are required to be installed on vessels that receive government financial assistance in the form of construction differential subsidy. In addition, the paper addresses the environmental and economic impact of the 1973 International Marine Pollution Convention on the Maritime Administration Tanker Construction Program, particularly as it relates to the IMCO segregated ballast requirements, improved Load-on-Top (LOT) procedures, and port reception facilities. Finally, recommendations for future action to abate ship-generated pollution at the national and international levels are provided.

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Scaling Compensatory Restoration Under the 1990 Oil Pollution Act

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-245 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 (1) ◽

pp. 245-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Theodore Tomasi ◽

Mary Jo Kealy ◽

Mark Rockel

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Effective Solution ◽

Scaling Technique ◽

Restoration Project ◽

Scaling Methods ◽

The Cost ◽

The Continuum ◽

Compensatory Restoration

ABSTRACT A major feature of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) is a requirement that compensation be resource-based. This paper discusses the implications of resource-based compensation and the OPA 90 preference for narrowly-defined in-kind compensation. A framework is developed for evaluating compensatory scaling methods on the basis of the applicability of the method to the restoration project and the cost-effectiveness of the solution. The framework places potential compensation projects along a continuum, which ranges from strict in-kind compensation applied to small injuries to full out-of-kind compensation applied to large injuries. This conceptual framework is used to augment the existing techniques for scaling compensatory restoration, which otherwise appear to us to be limited to addressing only projects at the two ends of the continuum. The advantages of this framework are that it (1) avoids the either/or nature of the scaling choices in the current situation by offering techniques to scale compensation projects that fall in between the two ends of the continuum, (2) protects both Responsible Parties (RPs) and trustees against charges that scaling has taken place in an arbitrary manner, and (3) provides some guidance and criteria to determine when a particular scaling technique and related studies may be appropriate and lead to the most cost-effective solution.

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Metagenomics insight into microbial dynamics in field-scale remediation of crude oil-polluted soil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26142/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽

Memory Tekere ◽

Rasheed Adeleke

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Field Scale ◽

Microbial Dynamics ◽

Naphthalene Degradation

Abstract Background: The frequency of crude oil pollution has been on the increase following increased exploration, exploitation and production of energy from fossil fuel. Bioremediation has been shown to be eco-friendly and cost-effective method of oil spill remediation. In the Niger Delta, Landfarming has been the most used technique. The aim of this research was to employ metagenomic techniques to understand microbial dynamics during field-scale remediation in the Niger Delta in order to improve and reduce the time of remediation. Results: The surface (0.0 – 0.5m) sample had an extractable TPH value of 6231 mg/kg. The subsurface samples from 1m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths had extractable TPH concentration of 4836 mg/kg, 9112 mg/kg and 7273 mk/kg respectively. Proteobacteria dominated the bacterial community of the oil-polluted soil and comprised mainly of the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis revealed the presence of crude oil in the soil reduced microbial diversity. Principal coordinate analysis showed the microbial structure continually changed following changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Methylobacterium and Bacillus were among the core OTUs detected during the period of remediation. Significant variation in pathway abundance particularly pathways for propanoate degradation, benzoate degradation, naphthalene degradation, fatty acid metabolism, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and degradation of xenobiotics were observed when the unpolluted soil was compared to the samples obtained during remediation. Conclusions: The findings from this study will greatly advance an already preferred landfarming oil spill recovery technique in the Niger Delta.

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Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Water

Handbook of Research on Uncovering New Methods for Ecosystem Management through Bioremediation - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch010 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 222-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chandrika Malkanthi Nanayakkara ◽

Ayoma Witharana

Keyword(s):

Oil Pollution ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Degradation Activity ◽

Promising Treatment

Pollution from petroleum, plant and animal origin oils, which are released via oil production and shipping operations, refineries, accidental spills, effluents of different industries such as hotels, restaurants, food processing, etc. is ubiquitous in the environment. This necessitates the need for cost effective and efficient remediation technologies. Dealing with the problem chemically and physically is known to generate secondary pollutants and incurs high cost. Expediting natural attenuation via stimulating pollutant degradation activity of residential microbial community and/or introducing competent microflora in to polluted sites has been identified as the most successful and cost effective technology and is termed bioremediation. Phytoremediation, an emerging branch of bioremediation, has also been recognized as a promising treatment technology. Chapter examines the extent of work carried out in in situ and ex situ bioremediation strategies to mitigate oil pollution, the validity of such practices in terms of efficiency of the process and the future research directives.

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Metagenomics insight into microbial dynamics in field-scale remediation of crude oil-polluted soil

10.21203/rs.2.20924/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chioma Blaise Chikere ◽

Memory Tekere ◽

Rasheed Adeleke

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Field Scale ◽

Microbial Dynamics ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Naphthalene Degradation

Abstract Background: The frequency of crude oil pollution has been on the increase following increased exploration, exploitation and production of energy from fossil fuel. Bioremediation has been shown to be eco-friendly and cost-effective method of oil spill remediation. In the Niger Delta, Landfarming has been the most used technique. The aim of this research was to employ metagenomic techniques to understand microbial dynamics during field-scale remediation in the Niger Delta in order to improve and reduce the time of remediation. Results: The surface (0.0 – 0.5m) sample had an extractable TPH value of 6231 mg/kg. The subsurface samples from 1m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths had extractable TPH concentration of 4836 mg/kg, 9112 mg/kg and 7273 mk/kg respectively. Proteobacteria dominated the soil microbial profile in all the samples studied as it made up at least 50% of each sample and mostly comprised of the class Alphaproteobacteria with variation only on day 18 and 36 which was mostly dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity analysis revealed the presence of crude oil in the soil reduced microbial diversity. Principal coordinate analysis showed the microbial structure continually changed following changes in the chemical composition of the soil. Mycobacterium, Burkholderia, Rhodoplanes, Methylobacterium and Bacillus were the core OTUs detected during the period of remediation. Significant variation in pathway abundance particularly pathways for propanoate degradation, benzoate degradation, naphthalene degradation, fatty acid metabolism, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and degradation of xenobiotics were observed when the unpolluted soil was compared to the samples obtained during remediation. Conclusions: The findings from this study will greatly advance an already preferred landfarming oil spill recovery technique in the Niger Delta.

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Bioremediation of Oil Contaminated Soil and Water

Biotechnology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch085 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 2090-2122

Author(s):

Chandrika Malkanthi Nanayakkara ◽

Ayoma Witharana

Keyword(s):

Oil Pollution ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Degradation Activity ◽

Promising Treatment

Pollution from petroleum, plant and animal origin oils, which are released via oil production and shipping operations, refineries, accidental spills, effluents of different industries such as hotels, restaurants, food processing, etc. is ubiquitous in the environment. This necessitates the need for cost effective and efficient remediation technologies. Dealing with the problem chemically and physically is known to generate secondary pollutants and incurs high cost. Expediting natural attenuation via stimulating pollutant degradation activity of residential microbial community and/or introducing competent microflora in to polluted sites has been identified as the most successful and cost effective technology and is termed bioremediation. Phytoremediation, an emerging branch of bioremediation, has also been recognized as a promising treatment technology. Chapter examines the extent of work carried out in in situ and ex situ bioremediation strategies to mitigate oil pollution, the validity of such practices in terms of efficiency of the process and the future research directives.

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MULTI-PLAN-HOLDER EXERCISES: A COST-EFFECTIVE PREPAREDNESS APPROACH

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-615 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 (1) ◽

pp. 615-619

Author(s):

Donald L. Ducey ◽

Robert G. Pond ◽

Ann Hayward Walker

Keyword(s):

Oil Pollution ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Ability To Work ◽

Key Issues ◽

Unified Command ◽

Local Company ◽

Response Exercise

ABSTRACT Facilities, vessels, and pipelines regulated under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), whether owned by a major international corporation or a small local company, face organizational and technical difficulties in their efforts to comply with the Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP). Response exercises are but one priority competing for the plan holder's time, personnel, and budget dollars. Operators typically lack the in-house expertise and staff to design and conduct effective exercises or to budget dollars to contract for outside support. These problems could adversely affect the plan holders and impact their ability to work within a unified command during a spill. This paper discusses the obstacles to maintaining an adequate level of preparedness through traditional exercises and describes a cost-effective, innovative approach to exercises. By working with other plan holders in the area to conduct a combination workshop and exercise for each participating company, each operator can reduce costs, improve the value of exercises, and exercise facility plans in a unique and highly focused manner. The paper discusses the key issues of designing scenarios for each plan holder in a multi-plan-holder exercise while maintaining the focus of the workshop, the value to the predesignated on-scene coordinator, and the synergistic effects of plan holders learning from one another.

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THE ROLE OF QUALITY IN OIL SPILL REMOVAL ORGANIZATIONS (OSROS)

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-595 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 (1) ◽

pp. 595-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald S. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Performance Standards ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Iso 9000 ◽

Bulk Liquid ◽

Transportation Industry ◽

Oil Companies ◽

Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT The bulk liquid petroleum transportation industry is, to an increasing degree, implementing quality management programs. Shipping companies are mandated to become ISM-certified by 1998. Several oil companies are becoming ISO 9000-certified. The trend is for government to relax its detailed inspections for compliance as companies demonstrate compliance through implementation of quality systems. The oil spill response industry has evolved over the past 25 years with relatively little government regulation. Several unilateral and joint government/industry programs have been undertaken since the mid-1970s to develop various product and performance standards for the oil spill response industry. Following the passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), the USCG implemented the Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) Classification Program in an attempt to quantify the capabilities of OSROs for potential customers. Though certainly a beginning in addressing the issue of quality, the OSRO Classification Program focuses on equipment issues. With much of the bulk liquid petroleum transportation industry actively engaged in the quality movement, the time is right for the oil spill response industry to join the ranks. A logical extension of the OSRO Classification Program is the voluntary implementation by OSROs of, and future certification to, ISO 9000/14000 quality and environmental standards. OSROs so certified could expect less government oversight in the future and would enjoy a more competitive marketing advantage. Responsible parties employing ISO-certified OSROs could expect higher quality and more cost-effective responses and perhaps more favorable insurance rates.

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