Decarbonisation of fossil energy via methane pyrolysis using two reactor concepts: Fluid wall flow reactor and molten metal capillary reactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (35) ◽  
pp. 11422-11427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Schultz ◽  
David W. Agar
Keyword(s):  
Molten Metal ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Wall Flow ◽  
Methane Pyrolysis ◽  
Metal Capillary

scholarly journals Methane Pyrolysis over Carbon Catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Kushch ◽  
V.E. Muradyan ◽  
P.V. Fursikov ◽  
Eu.I. Knerelman ◽  
V.L. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Methane Aromatization ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Methane Pyrolysis

<p>Methane pyrolysis at the temperature range of 550-1000 °C in gas flow reactor with fixed bed of mixed catalysts based on carbon materials of various structure (fullerene cocoons, fullerene black, vacuum black, cathode deposit, onion-like carbon, glassy carbon, carbon fibers, mineral shungite and graphite) has been studied. Methane pyrolysis products, including stoichiometric amount of hydrogen are C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> alkanes, C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> alkenes, aromatics and pyrolytic carbon. Methane pyrolysis is carried out both on a catalytic surface and in a volume and contribution of the surface is determined by pyrolysis temperature. Materials with curved carbon surface show an activity in methane dehydrogenation at lower temperatures, than materials with planar basic structure elements. Materials with a small specific surface area favor methane aromatization at 950–1000 °C with formation of mainly benzene, toluene and naphthalene. The primary activation of C–H bond in methane at temperatures of lower than 850 °C, as well as the multiple dehydrogenation conversions resulting in the formation of pyrolytic carbon and its precursors (aromatics), are, probably, heterogeneous reactions.</p>

Hydrogen Production via Hydrolysis of Zn in a Hot Wall Flow Reactor

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareq Abu Hamed ◽  
Jane H. Davidson ◽  
Mark Stolzenburg
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Particle Yield ◽  
Wall Flow ◽  
Simultaneous Synthesis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of Zn is investigated as the second step in a ZnO/Zn redox solar water splitting process. Zinc is evaporated and hydrolyzed in a hot wall flow tubular reactor. The design of the reactor was suggested by prior studies at ETH-Swiss Federal Institute in which simultaneous synthesis of hydrogen and zinc oxide nanoparticles was the goal. The influence of the reactor temperature and residence time on hydrogen conversion was measured for 1023 and 1073 K. Particle yield was measured in-situ using a scanning differential mobility sizer. Particle composition and morphology were characterized with X-ray diffraction and microscopy. In agreement with the prior work, hydrogen conversions of 87 to 96 percent at temperatures above zinc saturation are attributed primarily to hydrolysis of zinc(g) at the wall of the reactor.

Hydrolysis of Evaporated Zn in a Hot Wall Flow Reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareq Abu Hamed ◽  
Jane H. Davidson ◽  
Mark Stolzenburg
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Second Step ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Wall Flow ◽  
Reactor Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of Zn is investigated as the second step in a ZnO∕Zn redox solar water splitting process. Zinc is evaporated and hydrolyzed with steam in a hot wall flow tubular reactor. The influence of the reactor temperature distribution and residence time on hydrogen conversion was measured for furnace set point temperatures of 1023K and 1073K. The yield of ZnO aerosol was measured in situ using a scanning differential mobility sizer. The composition and morphology of the solid product were characterized with X-ray diffraction and microscopy. Hydrogen conversions of 87–96% at temperatures above zinc saturation are attributed primarily to hydrolysis of zinc(g) at the wall of the reactor at temperatures from 800Kto1077K.

Molten metal capillary reactor for the high-temperature pyrolysis of methane

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (19) ◽  
pp. 13641-13648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Munera Parra ◽  
David W. Agar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Metal ◽  
Metal Capillary

scholarly journals Calculation of the Methane Pyrolysis Reactor Taking into Account the Non-Isochority of the Process of the Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
A. B. Golovanchikov ◽  
◽  
V. A. Kozlovtsev ◽  
A. A. Shurak ◽  
N. A. Merentsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor ◽  
Methane Capacity ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Core Volume ◽  
Methane Pyrolysis

Based on the results of the analysis of literature sources, the kinetics of the methane pyrolysis process is described. Examples of calculating plug-and-play reactors and mixing reactors for a conversion rate of 0,99 at a methane capacity of 6000 kg/h are given. It is shown that the volume of a plug-flow reactor should be more than 20 times the volume of a plug-flow reactor. Comparison of calculations by kinetic equations for an isochoric process and a process that takes into account the increase in the value of the reaction mass, due to which the formed sample of the reaction of hydrogen. The effect of temperature on the core volume has been performed and the optimum temperature has been chosen 1250°С

Hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose in glycol solutions over CuO-MgO-ZrO2 catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M.E. Sharanda ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Phase Process

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

Conversion of fructose into methyl lactate over SnO2/Al2O3 catalystin flow regime

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
S.V. Prudius ◽  
◽  
N.L. Hes ◽  
A.M. Mylin ◽  
V.V. Brei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Dimethyl Acetal ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Methyl Lactate ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst ◽  
Target Reaction

In recent years, numerous researchers have focused on the development of catalytic methods for processing of biomass-derived sugars into alkyl lactates, which are widely used as non-toxic solvents and are the starting material for obtaining monomeric lactide. In this work, the transformation of fructose into methyl lactate on Sn-containing catalyst in the flow reactor that may be of practical interest was studied. The supported Sn-containing catalyst was ob-tained by a simple impregnation method of granular γ-Al2O3. The catalytic ex-periments were performed in a flow reactor at temperatures of 160-190 °C and pressure of 3.0 MPa. The 1.6-9.5 wt.% fructose solutions in 80% aqueous methanol were used as a reaction mixture. It was found that addition to a reac-tion mixture of 0.03 wt.% potassium carbonate leads to the increase in selec-tivity towards methyl lactate on 15% at 100% conversion of fructose. Prod-ucts of the target reaction С6Н12О6 + 2СН3ОН = 2С4Н8О3 + 2Н2О were ana-lyzed using 13C NMR method. The following process conditions for obtaining of 65 mol% methyl lactate yield at 100% fructose conversion were found: use of 4.8 wt.% fructose solution in 80% methanol, 180 °С, 3.0 МПа and a load on catalyst 1.5 mmol C6H12O6/mlcat/h at contact time of 11 minutes. The cata-lyst productivity is 2.0 mmol C4H8O3/mlcat/h and the by-productі are 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimethyl acetal (20%) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (10%). It should be noted that a racemic mixture of L- and D-methyl lactates has been obtained by conversion of D-fructose on the SnO2/Al2O3 catalyst. The SnO2/Al2O3 catalyst was found to be stable for 6 h while maintaining full fruc-tose conversion at 55–70% methyl lactate selectivity. After regeneration the catalyst completely restores the initial activity.

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