Study on the relationship between the mean utterance count and restoration of velopharyngeal closure function in young Chinese children with repaired cleft palate

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a speech-aid prosthesis normalizes the activity of the levator veli palatini muscle for patients with cleft palate who exhibit velopharyngeal incompetence. Design: Each subject was instructed to produce repetitions of /mu/, /u/, /pu/, /su/, and /tsu/ and to blow with maximum possible effort. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the levator veli palatini muscle was recorded with and without a hybrid speech-aid prosthesis in place. Participants: The participants were five patients with repaired cleft palate who were routinely wearing a hybrid speech-aid prosthesis. Results: With the prosthesis in place, the mean value of levator activity changed positively in relation to oral air-pressure change during blowing. Differences in levator activity in relation to speech samples were similar to those in normal speakers. With the prosthesis in place, levator activity for speech tasks was less than 50% of the maximum levator activity for all subjects. The findings were similar to those reported previously for normal speakers. Conclusion: Placement of the prosthesis changed EMG activity levels of the levator veli palatini muscle to levels that are similar to normal speakers. It is possible that, with the increase in the differential levator activity between speech and a maximum force task, the velopharyngeal mechanism has a greater reserve capacity to maintain velopharyngeal closure compared with the noprosthesis condition.

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Changes in the Height of Velopharyngeal Closure Relative to the Cervical Spine From Infancy Through Adolescence in Patients With Cleft Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665617732784 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 508-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazlin N. Mason ◽

John E. Riski ◽

Jamie L. Perry

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Normative Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Palpation is often used to identify C1, an intraoperative landmark, for placement of the pharyngoplasty. However, little is known about the relationship between the palatal plane (PP) and this cervical spine landmark across select variables. This study seeks to analyze variations in the height of velopharyngeal closure relative to C1 across differing cleft types and age groups. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Large, multidisciplinary center for craniofacial disorders. Methods: Clinical lateral cephalograms were analyzed in nonsyndromic patients who underwent primary palatoplasty. Regression analysis and analysis of covariance were completed to determine how age and cleft type impact underlying cervical and velopharyngeal measures. Results: Age ( P < .001) and cleft type ( P = .036) were significant predictors of the distance between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Those with greater severity of clefting demonstrated larger distances between the height of velopharyngeal closure and C1. Compared to normative data, children with cleft palate have significantly larger distances between the PP and C1. The height of velopharyngeal closure above C1 was observed to range from 3.6 to 12.6 mm across cleft populations. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the variability in C1 as a landmark across variables including cleft type and age. Because of differences in the height of velopharyngeal closure across cleft types relative to C1, it is necessary to preoperatively quantify the vertical distance between the PP and palpable intraoperative landmark, C1, to determine the appropriate height of pharyngoplasty insertion.

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Postoperative Velopharyngeal Closure Function Following Unified Velopharyngeal Plasty as Secondary Surgery for Cleft Palate: One- and Three-Year Follow-Up Results

Surgical Science ◽

10.4236/ss.2012.32011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenichi Kurita ◽

Yu Ito ◽

Atsushi Nakayama ◽

Atsushi Abe ◽

Kana Mukai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Secondary Surgery ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Closure Function

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Effect of birth order on stereoacuity in Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e032833

Author(s):

Shu Han ◽

Xiaohan Zhang ◽

Rui Li ◽

Haohai Tong ◽

Xiaoyan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Birth Order ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Complete Data ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between birth order and stereoacuity among Chinese children aged 60–72 months.DesignCross-sectional.Participants1342 children with complete data on the questionnaire, stereoacuity and refraction were included.ResultsThe mean stereoacuity was 53.2±1.7, 56.9±1.9 and 60.9±1.5 s of arc in the first-born group, second-born group and third-born group, respectively. Lower birth order was significantly correlated with better stereoacuity (p=0.036). Third-borns (OR=3.02, p=0.027) were at higher risk of having subnormal stereoacuity compared with first-borns in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionLater-borns had poorer stereoacuity than first-borns.

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Early experience with four-dimensional computed tomography for observing velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients and the evaluation of the exposure dose

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37116/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yoshikazu Kobayashi ◽

Masanao Kobayashi ◽

Daisuke Kanamori ◽

Naoko Fujii ◽

Yumi Kataoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Monte Carlo Simulation ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽

Absorbed Doses ◽

Study Results ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Closure Function

Abstract Background The aims of this study were to perform a four-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients with cleft palate using 320-row area detector computed tomography (CT), and to estimate the organ-absorbed doses using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods We evaluated CT image data obtained between July 2018 and August 2019 from five pediatric patients with cleft palate (four boys and one girl; age range, 4–7 years) at Fujita Health University Hospital. The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area of VPI were evaluated. In addition, organ-absorbed doses were assumed in the Monte Carlo simulation. However, we did not perform statistical analysis because of the insufficient number of patients enrolled in this study. Results The existence of VPI and hypernasality were completely concordant. The VPC patterns were circular (two patients), circular with Passavant’s ridge (one patient), and unevaluable (two patients). The organ-absorbed doses were relatively lower than those in past reports. Conclusions Our method could be an alternative for patients who refuse the conventional nasopharyngoscopic evaluation.

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Velopharyngeal closure function and speech in the submucous cleft palate

Chirurgia Plastica ◽

10.1007/bf00289084 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Ainoda ◽

K. Yamashita ◽

S. Tsukada

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Submucous Cleft Palate ◽

Closure Function

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Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Vowels in Cleft Palate Children with or without Hypernasality

International Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2012/739523 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Katsuaki Mishima ◽

Hiroyuki Nakano ◽

Tatsushi Matsumura ◽

Norifumi Moritani ◽

Seiji Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Nonlinear Dynamic ◽

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Voice Signal ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Voice ◽

Nasal Resonance

Objectives. To clarify the difference between Lyapunov exponents (LEs) for cleft palate (CP) patients with hypernasality versus without hypernasality and to investigate the relationship between their LEs and nasalance scores (NSs).Material and Methods. Six CP patients with severe hypernasality (mean age 9.2 years) and six CP patients without hypernasality (mean age 8.0 years) were enrolled. Five Japanese vowels were recorded at 44.1 KHz, and the NSs were measured simultaneously. The mean first LE (mLE1) from all one-second intervals was computed.Results. The mLE1for /o/ in patients with hypernasality was significantly higher than that in patients without hypernasality. The correlation coefficients between the mLE1and NS for all vowels were not statistically different.Conclusion. The voice signal of /o/ for the patients with hypernasality was more instable than in those without hypernasality. The chaotic phenomenon was independent of nasal resonance in CP voice.

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An aerodynamic study of velopharyngeal closure function in cleft palate patients

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0901-5027(97)81249-0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

H.-K. Shin ◽

S.-O. Ko ◽

S.-H. Kang ◽

H.-S. Lee

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Velopharyngeal Closure ◽

Closure Function

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Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648132 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 65 (03) ◽

pp. 263-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A M H P van den Besselaar ◽

R M Bertina

Keyword(s):

Reference Material ◽

Standard Error ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Significant Bias ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship ◽

International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

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