Immunization with native surface protein NcSRS2 induces a Th2 immune response and reduces congenital Neospora caninum transmission in mice

The immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine expressing the surface protein NcSRS2 of Neospora caninum was studied in BALB/c mice. The NcSRS2-encoding DNA was obtained by PCR amplification of the NcSRS2 ORF gene from the p43 plasmid encoding the N. caninum surface protein NcSRS2, ligated to the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) and propagated in E. coli DH5α to produce the N. caninum NcSRS2 DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunised by two intramuscular injections of the DNA vaccine with or without complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Serum antibody titres and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, and splenocyte proliferation and cytokine expression were measured after immunisation. The DNA vaccine induced T-cell-mediated immunity as shown by significantly increased NO concentrations, cytokine gene (IL-2 and IFN-γ) expression, and NcSRS2 protein-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in mice immunised with the DNA vaccine. The vaccine also induced weak humoral immunity. The immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine was slightly enhanced by CFA. The immune response was specific to NcSRS2. No immune response was observed in mice immunised with the pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+) vector alone.

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Bacillus Subtilis Spores as Delivery System for Nasal Plasmodium Falciparum Circumsporozoite Surface Protein Immunization in a Murine Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-777937/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Edilene M. de Almeida ◽

Késsia Caroline Souza Alves ◽

Maria Gabriella Santos de Vasconcelos ◽

Thiago Serrão Pinto ◽

Juliane Corrêa Glória ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

The World ◽

Protein Immunization ◽

Vaccine Carrier ◽

Full Protection

Abstract Malaria remains a widespread public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, and there is still no vaccine available for full protection. In recent years, it has been observed that spores of Bacillus subtillis can act as a vaccine carrier and adjuvant, promoting an elevated humoral response after co-administration with antigens either coupled or integrated to their surface. In our study, B. subtillis spores from the KO7 strain were used to couple the recombinant CSP protein of P. falciparum (rPfCSP), and the nasal humoral-induced immune response in Balb/C mice was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the spores coupled to rPfCSP increase the immunogenicity of the antigen, which induces high levels of serum IgG, and with balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, being detected antibodies in serum samples for 250 days. Therefore, the use of B. subtilis spores appears to be promising for use as an adjuvant in a vaccine formulation.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cutting edge: activation of Toll-like receptor 2 induces a Th2 immune response and promotes experimental asthma.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1017704.203376 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Marsha Wills-Karp

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

Toll Like Receptor 2

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HIV-1 Accessory Proteins: Which one is Potentially Effective in Diagnosis and Vaccine Development?

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866528999201231213610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Milani ◽

Kazem Baesi ◽

Elnaz Agi ◽

Ghazal Marouf ◽

Maryam Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Treated Group ◽

Vaccine Antigen ◽

Accessory Proteins ◽

Serological Method ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

Untreated Individuals ◽

Immunogenic Properties ◽

Hiv 1

Background:: The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) could increase the number of circulating naive CD4 T lymphocytes, but was not able to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Objective:: Thus, induction of strong immune responses is important for control of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, a simple and perfect serological method is required to detect virus in untreated-, treated- and drug resistant- HIV-1 infected individuals. Methods:: This study was conducted to assess and compare immunogenic properties of Nef, Vif, Vpr and Vpu accessory proteins as an antigen candidate in mice and their diagnostic importance in human as a biomarker. Results:: Our data showed that in mice, all heterologous prime/ boost regimens were more potent than homologous prime/ boost regimens in eliciting Th1 response and Granzyme B secretion as CTL activity. Moreover, the Nef, Vpu and Vif proteins could significantly increase Th1 immune response. In contrast, the Vpr protein could considerably induce Th2 immune response. On the other hand, among four accessory proteins, HIV-1 Vpu could significantly detect treated group from untreated group as a possible biomarker in human. Conclusion:: Generally, among accessory proteins, Nef, Vpu and Vif antigens were potentially more suitable vaccine antigen candidates than Vpr antigen. Human antibodies against all these proteins were higher in HIV-1 different groups than healthy group. Among them, Vpu was known as a potent antigen in diagnosis of treated from untreated individuals. The potency of accessory proteins as an antigen candidate in an animal model and a human cohort study are underway.

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Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer’s Vaccine

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200422105156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 1214-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Md. Tanvir Kabir ◽

Md. Sahab Uddin ◽

Bijo Mathew ◽

Pankoj Kumar Das ◽

Asma Perveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Immune Response ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Aβ Oligomers ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

Age Related ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language. Objective: In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine. Summary: Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine’s immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation. Conclusion: Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.

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Aggregate content influences the Th1/Th2 immune response to influenza vaccine: Evidence from a mouse model

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.10540 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 138-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Shawn Babiuk ◽

Danuta M. Skowronski ◽

Gaston De Serres ◽

Kent HayGlass ◽

Robert C. Brunham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Aggregate Content ◽

Th2 Immune Response

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Balanced Th1/Th2 immune response induced by MSP1a functional motif coupled to multiwalled carbon nanotubes as anti-anaplasmosis vaccine in murine model

Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.nano.2019.102137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 102137 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leticia Santos Pimentel ◽

Carolina Alvarenga Turini ◽

Paula Souza Santos ◽

Mariana Abilio de Morais ◽

Aline Gomes Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Immune Response ◽

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Murine Model ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

Functional Motif ◽

Th2 Immune Response

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T Helper Type 17 Immune Response Plays an Indispensable Role for Development of Iodine-Induced Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Nonobese Diabetic-H2h4 Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2009-0434 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (11) ◽

pp. 5135-5142 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Ichiro Horie ◽

Norio Abiru ◽

Yuji Nagayama ◽

Genpei Kuriya ◽

Ohki Saitoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽

Th17 Cells ◽

Intermediate Phenotype ◽

Lymphocyte Infiltration ◽

Wild Type ◽

T Helper ◽

Nonobese Diabetic ◽

Th2 Immune Response ◽

Helper Type

T helper type 1(Th1)/Th2 paradigm has been expanded by discovery of a novel effector T cell (Teff) subset, Th17 cells, which produce a proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. Th17 cells have recently been shown to play a major role in numerous autoimmune diseases that had previously been thought to be Th1-dominant diseases. We here studied the significance of Th17 cells in iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2h4 mice, a mouse model of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in humans, which spontaneously develop antithyroglobulin autoantibodies and intrathyroidal lymphocyte infiltration when supplied with iodine in the drinking water. We observed increased numbers of Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and accumulation of both types of Teff in the thyroid glands of iodine-fed wild-type mice, indicating that Th17 cells as well as Th1 cells constitute thyroid lesions. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of intrathyroidal lymphocyte infiltration, and the titers of antithyroglobulin autoantibodies were markedly reduced in iodine-treated IL-17−/− mice as compared with wild-type mice. Of interest, IL-17+/− mice showed an intermediate phenotype. Therefore, the present study, together with a previous report demonstrating the importance of Th1, not Th2, immune response for developing thyroiditis using mice deficient for interferon-γ or IL-4, clearly indicates that both Th1 and Th17 cells are critical Teff subsets for the pathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in nonobese diabetic-H2h4 mice.

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