Cultural macroevolution in the middle to late Holocene Arctic of east Siberia and north America

We synthesize environmental and cultural change following a volcanic eruption at A.D. 846–848 in Subarctic North America to demonstrate how social relationships shaped responses to natural disasters. Ethnohistoric accounts and archaeometric studies reveal differences in human adaptations in the Yukon and Mackenzie river basins that relate to exertions of power over contested resources versus affordances of security to intercept dispersed migrating animals. The ways that pre-contact hunter-gatherers maintained or redressed ecological imbalances influenced respective trajectories of resilience to a major event. Adaptive responses to a volcanic eruption affected the movement of bow and arrow technology and the proliferation of copper use in northwest North America.

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Mycena inclinata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056401278 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Roland Treu

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Canary Islands ◽

North Africa ◽

Deciduous Trees ◽

East Siberia

Abstract A description is provided for Mycena inclinata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On stumps of deciduous trees, occasionally on living trees. DISEASE: None. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Canary Islands, North Africa, East Siberia, Japan (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.

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Spatiotemporal Variation in ΔR on the West Coast of North America in the Late Holocene: Implications for Dating the Shells of Marine Mollusks

American Antiquity ◽

10.1017/aaq.2020.47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 676-693

Author(s):

Ian Hutchinson

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

West Coast ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Tidal Energy ◽

Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽

The West ◽

Summer Maximum ◽

High Alkalinity ◽

High Degree

Radiocarbon ages on mollusk shells, which account for about half of the more than 8,000 dates from cultural deposits on the west coast of North America, need to be corrected for the local marine reservoir effect (ΔR) to yield true ages. Assays on “prebomb” shells show that ΔR increases poleward, echoing the age gradient in offshore waters. The meridional gradient in ΔR is not appreciably affected by the transition either from an upwelling regime to a downwelling regime north of 40°N–45°N or from a winter maximum-high alkalinity river discharge pattern to a summer maximum-low alkalinity pattern at the same latitude, probably because these changes are offset by increasing storminess and tidal energy in coastal areas. Mesoscale variations in ΔR along this gradient are attributable to contrasts in shore morphology and exposure. Data from 123 shell-wood pairs reveal similar patterns of temporal variation in ΔR in the late Holocene in the coastal ecoregions. The characteristic temporal pattern echoes phases of variable El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity. The high degree of variability in ΔR argues against the indiscriminate application of regionally uniform or trans-Holocene ΔR values and demands improvements in spatiotemporal resolution if shell is used to date cultural deposits.

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A mid to late Holocene cryptotephra framework from eastern North America

Quaternary Science Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 132 ◽

pp. 101-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Helen Mackay ◽

Paul D.M. Hughes ◽

Britta J.L. Jensen ◽

Pete G. Langdon ◽

Sean D.F. Pyne-O'Donnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Eastern North America

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Dietary Transition in Late Holocene Eastern North America

The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Diet ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199694013.013.22 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Clark Spencer Larsen

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Essential Element ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Surface Wear ◽

Dietary Transition ◽

Growth Disruption

This chapter presents an overview of the record of reconstructing and interpreting diet from the study of craniofacial morphology and teeth, especially as the orofacial record pertains to masticatory function, nutritional quality, and health. This record is an essential element of the study of diet as it is represented in the archaeological past. Analysis of the orofacial skeleton from eastern North America reveals temporal trends relating to or arising from the introduction and intensification of farming based on plant cultigens, especially maize. These trends are characterized as including (1) reduction of facial robusticity and occlusal surface wear; (2) increase in growth disruption owing to poor-quality nutrition; and (3) increased prevalence of dental caries and related pathology caused by focus on plant carbohydrates.

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Moesziomyces bullatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056401245 ◽

1995 ◽

Author(s):

J. E. M. Mordue

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

North Carolina ◽

New Zealand ◽

North America ◽

South Dakota ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Far East ◽

European Region ◽

East Siberia

Abstract A description is provided for Moesziomyces bullatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Echinochloa crus-galli. DISEASE: Seed smut of Echinochloa. The small number of sori in any infected inflorescence renders the disease inconspicuous and it is probably frequently overlooked. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Azerbaijan, China (Beijing, Chengtu), Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Uzbekhistan; Australasia: New Zealand (57, 649); Europe: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal (39, 555), Romania, Russia (European region), Ukraine; North America: Canada (NS, Ontario; 46, 3383), Mexico, USA (eastern states, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, MD, North Carolina, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Wisconsin; 69, 2765). TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies reported.

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