Evaluating the total oil yield using a single routine Rock-Eval experiment on as-received shales

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 104707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbu Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Zhuoheng Chen ◽  
Shuangfang Lu ◽  
Chunqing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Yield ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Rock Eval

scholarly journals Evaluation method for resource potential of shale oil in the Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-866
Author(s):  
Qiulin Guo ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
Xiaoxue Liuzhuang ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Man Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Evaporative Loss ◽  
Total Oil

The widely distributed, thick Chang 7 Shale is the richest shale oil formation in China. A calculation method for the evaporative hydrocarbon recovery coefficient based on formation volume factor is proposed considering the correction of heterogeneity-based total organic carbon differences to improve the adsorbed oil calculation method, and light hydrocarbon evaporative sampling losses, which can make mobile and total oil calculations more accurate. The adsorbed oil, S1 evaporative loss, total oil yield, and movable oil yield of 200 shale samples from the Chang 7 Member were calculated using the new methods. Results show that S1 evaporative loss accounts for 29% of S1, total oil yield is 3.5 times S1, and movable oil yield accounts for 37% of total oil yield. Based on the calculated total oil yield and movable oil yield results, the relationships among total oil yield, movable oil yield, and total organic carbon of the Chang 7 were established yielding total oil yield and movable oil yield estimates of 11.12 × 109 t and 4.01 × 109 t, respectively, revealing its tremendous shale exploration potential.

scholarly journals Effect of Composition of Iron-Cobalt Oxide Catalyst and Process Parameters on The Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sugarcane Bagasse

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Govindasamy ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Sunu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Total Oil

Development of catalyst with high deoxygenation activity and optimum process parameters are the key for getting the highest biooil yield with the least oxygen content by hydrothermal liquefaction. With this view, iron-cobalt oxides of Co/Fe ratio 0.33, 1.09, 2.35, and 3.52 were prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by XRD, BET surface area, chemical composition by EDX method, and evaluated for hydrothermal liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse in a high-pressure batch reactor under subcritical conditions using CO as process gas to find the optimum Co/Fe ratio and process parameters. Optimum Co/Fe ratio was found to be 1.09 as it gave the highest bio-oil yield of 57.6% with the least oxygen content of 10.8%, attributed to the cobalt ferrite, the major phase present in it. The optimum temperature, initial CO pressure, water/biomass ratio, catalyst/biomass ratio and reaction time for the highest oil yield with the least oxygen content were found to be 250 °C, 45 bar, 28, 0.4, and 120 min,  respectively. From the effect of reaction time, it was found that much of the hydrolysis of lignocellulose to water soluble oxygenates, its deoxygenation to bio-oil and its deoxygenation to low oxygen containing bio-oil took place in initial 15 min, 15 to 60 min, and from 30 to 120 min, respectively. Total oil yield (%) was lower by 21% and % oxygen in total oil was higher by 9.9% for spent catalyst compared to fresh catalyst indicating the erosion in the deoxygenation activity of catalyst and thus need for improving its hydrothermal stability. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Anise from Different Distillation Times

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Barry O'Brocki ◽  
Ekaterina Jeliazkova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a spice, an essential oil crop, and a medicinal plant with a long history of use. Anise seed oil is extracted from anise seed through steam distillation. There is no experimentally established optimal time for distillation of anise seed. We hypothesized that the distillation time (DT) can be customized for optimum yield and composition of anise essential oil. In this study, we determined the effect of nine steam DTs (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes) on essential oil yield and essential oil composition of anise seed. We developed regression models to predict essential oil yield, the concentration of individual constituents, and the yield of these constituents as a function of DT. Highest essential oil yield (2.0 g/100 g seed, 2%) was obtained at 360-minute DT. The concentration of transanethole, the major anise oil constituent, varied from 93.5% to 96.2% (as a percent of the total oil) and generally was high at 15- to 60-minute DT and low at 240- to 480-minute DT. However, the yield of transanethole (calculated from the essential oil yield and the concentration of transanethole in the oil) increased with increasing DT to reach maximum at 360-minute DT. The concentration of the other oil constituents varied significantly depending on the DT, and some of them were higher at the shorter DT than at the longer DT. However, the yields of these constituents were highest at longer DT (either 360 or 480 minutes). DT can be used to obtain anise essential oil with different composition that would benefit the essential oil industry. This study demonstrated the need for providing DT in reports where anise seed essential oil yield and composition are discussed. This article can also be used as a reference point for comparing studies in which different DTs were used to extract essential oil from anise seed.

scholarly journals Biofuel Resources Plan: Theoretical Case Assessment of Automotive Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke O. Ajuka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Total Oil

Crude oil exhaustion and greenhouse emissions have remained a global concern till date. Domestic production of biofuel blends and micro-emulsion as substitutes for conventional fuel in tackling greenhouse gas emission has challenges like feedstock inadequacy, fuel-energy content, compatibility, oxidation stability and other automotive fuel property issues. Strategies to address these issues are discussed in this study. Case study of Nigeria shows that an annual conversion rate of 6.9/3.3% (2.1: 1) of cassava wastes will meet its E10/E5 blend from local production capacity. An effort has been made to correlate existing ethanol and biodiesel yields, ƐѱE and ƐѱB with expected oil yield as a function of gasoline and diesel shares, αE and αB per hectare of cultivation, to generate total oil yield per desired short and medium term biofuel targets utilizing selected feedstock at applicable yield bounds. A typical E10 gasohol from cassava will need 16,133 and 28,543 hectares from cassava plantation to meet its annual short and medium term biofuel targets. The r2-square value of 0.6402 for CF/SPeel and 0.9044 for CF/SPulp is an indication that more litre/tonne volume of ethanol could be produced from CF/SPeel except for in consistency when ammonia extract and urea are used as nitrogen source. Specific energy for direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) from daily production capacity equivalence of E10 per annum is estimated at 2.34GWh/Kg. Biofuel and fuel cells are good alternatives to explore as replacement of fossil fuel in automotive application.

CANADIAN SUNFLOWER SEED.: I. BUSHEL WEIGHT AS A FACTOR IN GRADING

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
H. R. Sallans ◽  
M. Berenbom ◽  
R. K. Larmour
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Total Oil

To determine the importance of bushel weight as a factor in grading, 51 samples of Sunrise and 34 samples of Mennonite seed were examined for associations between bushel weight and other properties of commercial sunflower seed.Highly significant correlations of bushel weight with total oil content of the seed, r =.867**; percentage kernel, r =.740**; percentage oil in the kernel, r =.795**; and percentage nitrogen in the kernels, r = −.467** were obtained. Oil yield, estimated on the basis of a cake containing 5% oil and 10% moisture, was also associated with bushel weight, r =.871**. The correlation coefficients of bushel weight with iodine value, acid value, and refractive index were not significant.The present grade specifications fail to take full advantage of bushel weight as a factor in grading sunflower seed since the levels were set too low to be effective. It is suggested that the levels might well be 30 lb. for No. 1, 26 lb. for No. 2, and 22 lb. for No. 3 instead of 24 lb. for No. 1 and 21 lb. for No. 2 and No. 3. The effects of this change are discussed in relation to grading of the two varieties and the establishment of appropriate price spreads between grades.** Indicates that the 1% level of significance was attained.

scholarly journals The influence of NaCl-induced stress on the growth and volatile profile of Curcuma longa L. leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Mahesh Pal ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Shri Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Herein, for the first time, the influence of salt-induced stress on the vegetative growth and the volatile profile of Curcuma longa L. leaves was investigated. C. longa was grown in a quarter-strength Hoagland?s solution to which NaCl was added to give four final concentrations: 0 (control), 25, 50 or 75 mM NaCl. In the case of the plants grown in the 25 mM NaCl medium, leaf biomass production was the same as in the control experiment, but it decreased significantly at higher salinities (50 mM and 75 mM NaCl). The volatile constituents of the leaves were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential-oil yield (calculated on the basis of dry weight) was 2.0% for the control plants, and increased at low-to-medium NaCl concentrations (2.5% and 2.8% for the 25 and 50 mM NaCl media, respectively). Contrary to that, the essential-oil yield decreased (1.6%) in the case of plants grown in the 75 mM NaCl medium. The major volatile constituents of C. longa leaves were identified as: ?-phellandrene (38.3-42.4%; more than one third of the total oil), terpinene-4-ol (5.6-10.5%), geraniol (5.6-7.9%), p-cymene (5.2-9.6%), ?-thujene (4.5-7.3%), ?-sesquiphellandrene (4.8-6.8%), ?-myrcene (2.6-3.8%) and ?-bisabolol (1.5-2.7%).

scholarly journals Contribution to improvement of the traditional extraction of olive oil by pressure from whole and stoned olives by addition of a co-adjuvant (talc)

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Khayreddine Titouh ◽  
Azzedine Mazari ◽  
Mohand Zine Aït Meziane
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Total Oil

The olive growing is one of the strategic sectors of the Algerian economy. Traditional olive culture located in the mountains of Kabylia offers typical oil widely preferred by a large part of the Algerian consumers. However, this ancestral culture risks not only abandonment but suffers much more from uncontrolled of the good practices surrounding this local product requiring a valorization accompanied by improvement. Indeed, the difficulty to extract the total oil contained in the fruit is one of the main obstacles of the extraction method particularly by pressure. Nevertheless, some actions as the addition of co-adjuvant during the malaxing process allow improving efficiency of the extraction process. Our results indicate that the addition of 2.5% of talc as a co-adjuvant to a moistless paste obtained from whole olives significantly improves the oil yield by about 4.4% without altering the acidity compared to the control. Similarly, stoning improves the moisture of the pressed mass although without improving yield of the oil characterized by a slight decrease in acidity compared to other extracted oils. Therefore, our results confirm the beneficial effect of talc on the extraction of olive oil and contribute to the improvement of the traditional extraction by pressure to enhance the value of this local product.

scholarly journals The degradation of kraft lignin during hydrothermal treatment for phenolics

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Tang ◽  
Xue-Fei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Kraft lignin was hydrothermally depolymerized at low temperature/short time in water for producing value-added phenolics. The effects of residence time (15, 60 min) and reaction temperature (130, 180, 230ºC) on yields of oils and phenolic compounds were studied in detail. Total oil yield was found to range between 7% and 10%. The compositions of oils were analyzed by GC-MS to confirm the main compound to be guaiacol (2-methoxy phenol) in the range of 12–55% of oil depending on different reaction conditions. The most interesting was the finding that maximum value of total oil yield (10% of kraft lignin) and guaiacol amount (55% of oil) was obtained at 130ºC/15, 60 min which is a low reaction temperature/short time, while the residual kraft lignins were analyzed by FTIR with respect to the conversion mechanism of kraft lignin by this process.

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