Sex differences in the associations of visceral adiposity, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and body mass index with lipoprotein subclass analysis in obese adolescents

Objective: To examine the (1) normal ranges of anthropometric and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) for Iranian pregnant women and their newborns and (2) associations between maternal anthropometric and metabolic values and infants’ birth weights among Iranian women. Methods: Anthropometric and metabolic values of 163 singleton non-diabetic pregnant women in Tehran, Iran (2014) were collected before and during pregnancy and at delivery. Linear regression, multivariable regression, and Student t tests were used to evaluate correlations between birth weight and maternal variables. Results: Linear regression modeling suggested that maternal serum glucose ( p = 0.2777) and age ( p = 0.6752) were not associated with birth weight. Meanwhile, maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy ( p = 0.0006 and 0.0204, respectively), weight at delivery ( p = 0.0036), maternal height ( p = 0.0118), and gestational age ( p = 0.0016) were positively associated with birth weight, while serum insulin ( p = 0.0300) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance ( p = 0.0334) were negatively associated with infant’s birth weight. Using multivariate modeling, we identified severalconfounders: parity (multipara mothers delivered heavier babies compared to first-time mothers) explained as much as 24% of variation in birth weight ( p = 0.005), maternal height explained 20.7% ( p = 0.014), gestational age accounted for 19.7% ( p = 0.027), and maternal body mass index explained 19.1% ( p = 0.023) of the variation in the infant’s birth weight. Maternal serum insulin and infant’s sex were not observed to be associated with birth weight ( p = 0.342 and 0.669, respectively) in the overall model. Conclusion: Overweight/obese women may experience higher incidence of delivering larger babies. Multivariable regression analyses showed that maternal body mass index and height, parity, and gestational age are associated with newborn’s birth weight.

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TRI-PONDERAL MASS INDEX IS USEFUL FOR SCREENING CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe Silva Neves ◽

Rafael de Oliveira Alvim ◽

Divanei Zaniqueli ◽

Virgilia Oliveira Pani ◽

Caroline Resende Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Public Schools ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Z Scores ◽

Homeostatic Model

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index Z scores are equivalent for screening children and adolescents with insulin resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 296 children and adolescents enrolled at public schools of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, aged eight to 14 years. The tri-ponderal mass index was calculated as the ratio between weight and height cubed. The body mass index was calculated as the ratio between weight and height squared. Insulin resistance was defined with the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: The HOMA-IR was higher in the 4th quartile of body mass index Z scores and tri-ponderal mass index compared to 1st and 2nd quartiles for both girls and boys. The areas under the age-adjusted receiver operating characteristic curves were similar between the indices for girls (body mass index Z scores=0.756; tri-ponderal mass index=0.763) and boys (body mass index Z scores=0.831; tri-ponderal mass index=0.843). In addition, according to the simple linear regression analyses estimations, both body mass index Z scores and tri-ponderal mass index explained a significant fraction of the homeostatic model assessment variability for girls (body mass index Z scores: R2=0.269; tri-ponderal mass index: R2=0.289; p<0.001) and boys (body mass index Z scores: R2=0.175; tri-ponderal mass index: R2=0.210; p<0.001). Conclusions: The tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index Z scores were similar to discriminate children and adolescents with insulin resistance. It is noteworthy that the use of tri-ponderal mass index is clearly advantageous, because it can be calculated with no concerns on adjustments for the age, a fact that makes it very applicable in the clinical practice.

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Increase of body mass index (BMI) from 1.5 to 3 years of age augments the degree of insulin resistance corresponding to BMI at 12 years of age

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2016-0227 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Osamu Arisaka ◽

Toshimi Sairenchi ◽

Go Ichikawa ◽

Satomi Koyama

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model ◽

The Relationship

Abstract:To elucidate the effect of early growth patterns on the metabolic sensitivity to adiposity, we examined the relationship between the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI) levels at 12 years of age in 101 boys and 91 girls in a birth cohort. Children with an increase in BMI from the ages of 1.5 to 3 years exhibited a greater increase of HOMA-IR per BMI increase at 12 years of age compared to those with a decrease in BMI or stable BMI from 1.5 to 3 years. This suggests that children who show an increase in BMI from 1.5 to 3 years, a period normally characterized by a decreased or stable BMI, are more prone to developing insulin resistance at 12 years of age.

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Sarkopenie im Kontext von Insulinresistenz und Diabetes mellitus im Alter – Daten aus der Berliner Altersstudie II

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel ◽

10.1055/a-1223-1888 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (05) ◽

pp. 400-408

Author(s):

Dominik Spira ◽

Nikolaus Buchmann ◽

Knut Mai ◽

Thomas Bobbert ◽

Joachim Spranger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Typ 2 ◽

Körperliches Training ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model ◽

Negative Effekte

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (T2DM) und Sarkopenie nehmen mit steigendem Alter in ihrer Prävalenz zu und können langfristig betrachtet jeweils zu erheblichen gesundheitlichen und funktionellen Einschränkungen führen. Während eine zunehmende Insulinresistenz bei abnehmender Muskelmasse plausibel erscheint, sind umgekehrt auch glukotoxische negative Effekte auf die Skelettmuskulatur im Sinne einer sekundären Sarkopenie denkbar. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie, Insulinresistenz und T2DM bei älteren Menschen zu untersuchen. Methoden Untersucht wurden 1555 Probanden der Berliner Altersstudie II (BASE-II) mit einem durchschnittlichen Alter von 68 ± 4 Jahren. Die Diagnose T2DM wurde basierend auf der Anamnese sowie oralem Glukosetoleranztest und HbA1c-Wert nach ADA-Kriterien gestellt und die Insulinresistenz wurde via Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) und Insulinsensitivitätsindex nach Matsuda (ISI) eingeschätzt. Die appendikuläre Skelettmuskelmasse (ALM) wurde mittels Dual-Röntgen-Absorptiometrie (DXA) und eine Sarkopenie mithilfe der anhand des Body-Mass-Index (BMI) korrigierten Muskelmasse (ALM/BMI) nach den Cut-off-Werten des FNIH Sarcopenia Project bestimmt. Gruppenvergleiche wurden mittels Kruskal-Wallis-Test berechnet, und der Zusammenhang zwischen Diabetes mellitus und Sarkopenie bzw. ALM und Insulinresistenz wurde mittels geeigneter Regressionsmodelle überprüft. Ergebnisse 25,2 % der insgesamt 160 Probanden mit T2DM hatten bereits eine Sarkopenie. Sarkopenisch-adipöse Probanden wiesen im Vergleich zu nur adipösen, nur sarkopenen oder weder adipösen noch sarkopenen Probanden im Median einen niedrigeren ISI und einen höheren HOMA-IR auf (jeweils p < 0,001). T2DM zeigte sich unabhängig assoziiert mit Sarkopenie (OR 3,293, 95 %-KI 1,984–5,466, p < 0,001), während nach Ausschluss bekannter Diabetiker eine höhere ALM mit einem höheren ISI (B 0,229, 95 %-KI 0,119–0,338; p < 0,001), nicht jedoch niedrigerem HOMA-IR (B –0,017, 95 %-KI –0,089–0,055; p = 0,640) einherging. Diskussion Sarkopenie ist sowohl mit Insulinresistenz als auch T2DM assoziiert. Die Frage bzgl. der Kausalität ist aufgrund des querschnittlichen Designs der Studie nicht zu beantworten, jedoch sollte eine mögliche Rolle des T2DM als sekundäre Sarkopenieursache berücksichtigt und weiter untersucht werden. Im Hinblick auf mögliche Folgen erscheinen die Identifizierung von Risikopatienten mit kombiniertem Auftreten von Sarkopenie und Insulinresistenz und die Evaluation basaler präventiver Maßnahmen wie gezieltes körperliches Training und angepasste Ernährung ein weiterführendes sinnvolles Ziel.

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Association Between the Visceral Adiposity Index and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Participants With Normal Waist Circumference

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319716682120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 716-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Baolan Ji ◽

Hua Qu ◽

Hang Wang ◽

Huili Wei ◽

Huacong Deng

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model

We assessed the correlation between the visceral adiposity index (VAI; a useful indicator of adipose distribution and function) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in participants with normal waist circumference. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included 1834 Chinese adults. The blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid profiles were measured. The VAI and HOMA-IR were calculated. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to the HOMA-IR level, and the correlation between the VAI and HOMA-IR was analyzed. The VAI gradually increased across the HOMA-IR quartiles ( P < .05), and a Pearson correlation analysis showed that VAI was positively related to the HOMA-IR ( P < .001) in males and females. After adjusting for the other covariates, VAI was independently correlated with the HOMA-IR. A logistic regression analysis indicated that VAI elevation was the main risk factor for the increased HOMA-IR in both genders. Overall, the VAI was closely correlated with the HOMA-IR in a population without central obesity.

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Thyroid hormone levels associate with insulin resistance in obese women with metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

10.1101/595884 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Manal Abdulaziz Binobead ◽

Nawal Abdullah Al Badr ◽

Wahidah Hazzaa Al-Qahtani ◽

Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy ◽

Tarfa Ibrahim Albrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Obese Women ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model

AbstractBackgroundThe obesity epidemic is a pressing global health concern, as obesity rates continue to climb worldwide. The current study was aimed mainly to evaluate the correlation between thyroid hormones and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in Saudi obese women with metabolic syndrome.Methods100 obese women aged 25 to 55 years were clinically evaluated, from which 72 women were diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome and 28 without metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance was quantified using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance method and the resulting values were analyzed for association with demographic, clinical, and metabolic parameters.ResultsThis analysis revealed that body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and biochemical parameters and fasting insulin showed statistically higher levels in the group with metabolic syndrome compared to the group without metabolic syndrome. Similarly, values of waist circumference, fat ratio, cholesterol, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance results were higher in the group with metabolic syndrome as compared to the group without metabolic syndrome. Correlation analysis revealed positive association of thyroid-stimulating hormone with waist circumference (P=0.01), total cholesterol (P=0.002), fasting insulin (P=0.03) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance results (P<0.01), and negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (P=0.013) and age (P=0.05). Free thyroxine was positively associated with triglyceride level (P=0.003) and negatively associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (P=0.035) and fasting insulin. Free triiodothyronine was positively associated with body mass index (P=0.032) and waist circumference (P= 0.006) and negatively with age (P=0.004) and total cholesterol (P=0.001).Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance test revealed elevated level with positive association of body mass index, waist circumference, biochemical parameters and thyroid-stimulating hormone in insulin resistant obese women. Higher level of free triiodothyronine was found to be associated with low insulin sensitivity.

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Relationship between Birth Weight and Metabolic Status in Obese Adolescents

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2013/490923 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David J. Hill ◽

Harry Prapavessis ◽

J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽

Michelle Jackman ◽

Farid H. Mahmud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Peripheral Arterial

Objective. To examine the relationships between birth weight and body mass index, percent body fat, blood lipids, glycemia, insulin resistance, adipokines, blood pressure, and endothelial function in a cohort of obese adolescents. Design and Methods. Ninety-five subjects aged 10–16 years (mean age 13.5 years) with a body mass index >95th centile (mean [±SEM] 33.0 ± 0.6) were utilized from two prospective studies for obesity prevention prior to any interventions. The mean term birth weight was 3527 ± 64 g (range 1899–4990 g;). Results. Body mass index z-score correlated positively with birth weight (r2=0.05, P=0.03), but not percent body fat. Insulin resistance negatively correlated with birth weight (r2=0.05, P<0.001), as did fasting plasma insulin (r2=0.05, P<0.001); both being significantly greater for subjects of small versus large birth weight (Δ Homeostasis Model Assessment = 2.5 and Δ insulin = 10 pmol/L for birth weight <2.5 kg versus >4.5 kg). Adiponectin, but not leptin, blood pressure z-scores or peripheral arterial tomography values positively correlated with birth weight (r2=0.07, P=0.008). Conclusions. Excess body mass index in obese adolescents was positively related to birth weight. Birth weight was not associated with cardiovascular risk factors but represented a significant determinant of insulin resistance.

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Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-020-03924-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Caroppo ◽

Alfonso Galderisi ◽

Laura Ventura ◽

Anna Belloni Fortina

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Limited Data ◽

Single Center ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model

AbstractPsoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance.Conclusion: Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis. What is Known:• Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance.• Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. What is New:• This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.• In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed.

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The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2010.153726 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 309-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Greisa Vila ◽

Michaela Riedl ◽

Christian Anderwald ◽

Michael Resl ◽

Ammon Handisurya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

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Circulating Irisin in Relation to Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-2373 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 4899-4907 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

Kyung Hee Park ◽

Lesya Zaichenko ◽

Mary Brinkoetter ◽

Bindiya Thakkar ◽

Ayse Sahin-Efe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Context: Irisin, a recently identified hormone, has been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis and obesity in mice. Whether irisin levels are associated with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiometabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans remains unknown. Objective: Our objective was to assess the associations between baseline serum irisin levels and MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk. Design, Setting, and Subjects: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional evaluation of baseline circulating levels of the novel hormone irisin and the established adipokine adiponectin with MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk in a sample of 151 subjects. Results: Baseline irisin levels were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS. Irisin was associated negatively with adiponectin (r = −0.4, P < .001) and positively with body mass index (r = 0.22, P = .008), systolic (r = 0.17, P = .04) and diastolic (r = 0.27, P = .001) blood pressure, fasting glucose (r = 0.25, P = .002), triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = .003), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.33, P < .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including body mass index, subjects in the highest tertile of irisin levels were more likely to have MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66–33.44), elevated fasting blood glucose (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.72–19.60), high triglycerides (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.16–13.03), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.18–9.20). Irisin was independently associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and general Framingham risk profile in multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. Adiponectin demonstrated the expected associations with outcomes. Conclusions: Irisin is associated with increased risk of MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD in humans, indicating either increased secretion by adipose/muscle tissue and/or a compensatory increase of irisin to overcome an underlying irisin resistance in these subjects.

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