scholarly journals Plasma Testosterone and the Course of Major Depressive Disorder in Older Men and Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Giltay ◽  
Roos C. van der Mast ◽  
Esther Lauwen ◽  
Annemieke C. Heijboer ◽  
Margot W.M. de Waal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Men And Women

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder: A A-[11C]MT Pet Imaging Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Frey ◽  
I. Skelin ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Nishikawa ◽  
M. Diksic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women

Objective:Women are at higher risk than men to develop major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms underlying the higher risk for MDD in women are unknown. There is a wealth of data showing gender differences in brain morphology and function. In addition, preclinical studies have demonstrated reciprocal relationships between ovarian hormones and serotonin neurotransmission. Thus, gender differences in brain serotonin neurotransmission are potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we compared normalized α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan brain trapping constant (α-[11C]MTrp K*; ml/g/min), an index of serotonin synthesis, between men and women with MDD.Method:α-[11C]MTrp K* was measured in 25 medication-free individuals with MDD (13 females and 12 males) using positron emission tomography. Comparisons of normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* values between men and women were conducted at the voxel level using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2) analysis.Results:Women with MDD displayed significantly higher (p< 0.005) normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* than men in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus and superior parietal lobule, and occipital lingual gyrus.Conclusions:This finding suggests that depressive women have higher serotonin synthesis in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system involved with mood regulation. Gender differences in brain serotonin synthesis may be associated with higher risk for MDD in women because extra levels of tissue 5-HT could create non-physiological connections influencing changes in mood.

scholarly journals Sympathetic neural responsiveness to sleep deprivation in older adults: sex differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H315-H322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Carter ◽  
Ida T. Fonkoue ◽  
Ian M. Greenlund ◽  
Christopher E. Schwartz ◽  
Babak Mokhlesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Older Men And Women

Our laboratory has previously reported that total sleep deprivation (TSD) modifies muscle sympathetic neural activity (MSNA) differently in young men and women. Because postmenopausal women are among the highest risk for hypertension, this study compares MSNA responses with TSD in older men and women. We hypothesized that TSD would alter MSNA in older adults, with greater sympathoexcitation in postmenopausal women. Twenty-seven participants (14 men and 13 women) between the ages of 55 and 75 yr were tested twice, once after 24-h TSD and once after normal sleep (randomized, crossover design). Our primary outcome measure of MSNA (microneurography) was successful across both conditions in 20 participants (10 men and 10 women). Secondary outcome measures included seated blood pressure, heart rate, and fasting plasma testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Age (60 ± 1 vs. 61 ± 2 yr) and BMI (27 ± 1 vs. 26 ± 1 kg/m2) were not different between groups. TSD increased systolic blood pressure in both men (124 ± 5 to 130 ± 4 mmHg) and women (107 ± 5 to 116 ± 4 mmHg), but the increases were not different between groups (condition, P = 0.014; condition × sex, P > 0.05). In contrast, TSD elicited divergent MSNA responses in older men and women. Specifically, MSNA burst frequency increased in postmenopausal women (28 ± 3 to 34 ± 3 burst/min), but not older men (38 ± 3 to 35 ± 3 bursts/min; condition × sex, P = 0.032). In conclusion, TSD elicited sympathoexcitation in postmenopausal women but not age-matched men. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into reported links between sleep deprivation and hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epidemiological studies report that sleep deprivation is more strongly associated with hypertension in women than in men. In the present study, 24-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) increased blood pressure in postmenopausal women and age-matched men. In contrast, only women demonstrated increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity after TSD. The sympathoexcitation observed in postmenopausal women suggests a potential contributing mechanism for epidemiological observations and advances our understanding of the complex relations between sleep, sex, and hypertension. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/total-sleep-deprivation-and-msna-in-older-adults/ .

Gender Differences in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Leibenluft
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Psychotropic Effects

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on gender differences in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). Beginning in adolescence, women are at a higher risk than men of becoming depressed. Avenues of investigation that might ultimately help to explain this phenomenon include studies of gender differences in the processing of emotional stimuli, the psychotropic effects of gonadal steroids, and environment/gene interactions in men and women. With the exception of the elevated suicide rate among men, consistent gender differences in the course and symptoms of MDD have not been found. In BPD, women are more likely than men to develop a rapid-cycling course. Gender differences in treatment response, particularly in regard to mood stabilizing medications, warrant further study.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Pain Complaints among Afghanistan/Iraq Era Men and Women Veterans with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

Pain Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jane Runnals ◽  
Elizabeth Van Voorhees ◽  
Allison T. Robbins ◽  
Mira Brancu ◽  
Kristy Straits-Troster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Association between area deprivation and major depressive disorder in British men and women: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e027530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Remes ◽  
Louise Lafortune ◽  
Nick Wainwright ◽  
Paul Surtees ◽  
Kay-Tee Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level

ObjectiveStudies have shown area-level deprivation can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. The objective of this study is to determine whether area deprivation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in British women and men separately while adjusting for individual-level factors.DesignLarge, population study.SettingUK population-based cohort.Participants30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, over 20 000 participants completed a structured Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire used to capture MDD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and current MDD was assessed in 1996–2000. 8236 men and 10 335 women had complete data on all covariates.Primary outcome measureMDD identified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).ResultsIn this study, 3.3% (339/10 335) of women and 2.1% (177/8236) of men had MDD. Men living in the most deprived areas were 51% more likely to have depression than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.24; p=0.043), but the association between deprivation and MDD was not statistically significant in women (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65; p=0.143).ConclusionThis study shows that the residential environment differentially affects men and women, and this needs to be taken into account by mental health policy-makers. Knowing that men living in deprived conditions are at high risk for having depression helps inform targeted prevention and intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Major depression among men and women in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us

A multidimensional index that measures the health status of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic has been developed. The COVID-19 Health Status Scale (CHSS), a combination of previously studied and newly created health status scales, assesses the physical, mental, and social well-being of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to examine the differences between men and women in self-reported past major depressive disorder diagnosis during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United States using the CHSS self administered questionnaire. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling performed online through the SurveyMonkey Audience. The self-administered CHSS questionnaire has been pilot tested in an adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the US. The study sample size included 173 participants aged 18 years and older. Results revealed that almost one-third of the study participants (31.2%) reported being diagnosed with past major depressive disorder, whereas 68.8% reported no past major depressive disorder diagnosis. The results of the estimated coefficients of the logistic regression analysis test showed that men were less likely to report major depression during the COVID-19 lockdown (Exp (B) = 0.45 for men; p &lt; 0.05) than women. Although the results showed that almost two thirds of the participants reported no major depression diagnosis during the COVID-19 lockdown, the logistic regression analysis confirmed that the chances of men reporting major depressive disorder diagnosis were lesser than that of women and this difference was statistically significant.

scholarly journals Depression and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults living at northern latitudes – AGES-Reykjavik Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy M. Imai ◽  
Thorhallur I. Halldorsson ◽  
Gudny Eiriksdottir ◽  
Mary F. Cotch ◽  
Laufey Steingrimsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractLow vitamin D status may be associated with depression. Few studies have examined vitamin D and depression in older adults living at northern latitudes. The present study cross-sectionally investigated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and depression among 5006 community-dwelling older persons (66–96 years) living in Iceland (latitudes 64–66°N). Depressive symptoms were measured by the fifteen-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Current major depressive disorder was assessed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Serum 25(OH)D was analysed using chemiluminescence immunoassay and categorised into three groups: deficient (<30 nmol/l); inadequate (30–49·9 nmol/l); and adequate (≥50 nmol/l). There were twenty-eight (2 %) men and fifty (1 %) women with current major depressive disorder. Mean GDS-15 scores for men and women with adequate vitamin D concentrations were 2·1 and 2·2, respectively. Men and women with deficient v. adequate vitamin D status had more depressive symptoms (higher GDS-15 scores) (difference 0·7 (95 % CI 0·4, 0·9) and 0·4 (95 % CI 0·1, 0·6), respectively). Furthermore, men with deficient vitamin D status were more likely to have current major depressive disorder (adjusted OR 2·51; 95 % CI 1·03, 6·13) compared with men with adequate vitamin D status. Associations among women were not significant. In this older population living at northern latitudes, deficient vitamin D status may be associated with depression. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the pathways that may be associated with risk of depression among older adults.

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