scholarly journals Association between area deprivation and major depressive disorder in British men and women: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e027530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Remes ◽  
Louise Lafortune ◽  
Nick Wainwright ◽  
Paul Surtees ◽  
Kay-Tee Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Level

ObjectiveStudies have shown area-level deprivation can increase the risk for mental disorders over and above individual-level circumstances, such as education and social class. The objective of this study is to determine whether area deprivation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in British women and men separately while adjusting for individual-level factors.DesignLarge, population study.SettingUK population-based cohort.Participants30 445 people from the general population aged 40 years and older and living in England consented to participate at study baseline, and of these, over 20 000 participants completed a structured Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire used to capture MDD. Area deprivation was measured in 1991 using Census data, and current MDD was assessed in 1996–2000. 8236 men and 10 335 women had complete data on all covariates.Primary outcome measureMDD identified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV).ResultsIn this study, 3.3% (339/10 335) of women and 2.1% (177/8236) of men had MDD. Men living in the most deprived areas were 51% more likely to have depression than those living in areas that were not deprived (OR=1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.24; p=0.043), but the association between deprivation and MDD was not statistically significant in women (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.65; p=0.143).ConclusionThis study shows that the residential environment differentially affects men and women, and this needs to be taken into account by mental health policy-makers. Knowing that men living in deprived conditions are at high risk for having depression helps inform targeted prevention and intervention programmes.

scholarly journals Mental disorders in Australian 4- to 17- year olds: Parent-reported need for help

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
David Lawrence ◽  
Michael Sawyer ◽  
Stephen R Zubrick
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Objective: To describe the extent to which parents report that 4- to 17-year-olds with symptoms meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders need help, the types of help needed, the extent to which this need is being met and factors associated with a need for help. Method: During 2013–2014, a national household survey of the mental health of Australia’s young people (Young Minds Matter) was conducted, involving 6310 parents (and carers) of 4- to 17-year-olds. The survey identified 12-month mental disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children – Version IV ( n = 870) and asked parents about the need for four types of help – information, medication, counselling and life skills. Results: Parents of 79% of 4- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders reported that their child needed help, and of these, only 35% had their needs fully met. The greatest need for help was for those with major depressive disorder (95%) and conduct disorder (93%). Among these, 39% of those with major depressive disorder but only 19% of those with conduct disorder had their needs fully met. Counselling was the type of help most commonly identified as being needed (68%). In multivariate models, need for counselling was higher when children had autism or an intellectual disability, in blended families, when parents were distressed, and in the most advantaged socioeconomic areas. Conclusions: Many children and adolescents meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria for mental disorders have a completely unmet need for help, especially those with conduct disorders. Even with mild disorders, lack of clinical assessment represents an important missed opportunity for early intervention and treatment.

Toward a transdiagnostic tool to evaluate depressive symptoms across mental disorders: Validation of the Calgary depression rating scale in patients with major depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽  
Mélanie Faugere ◽  
Sebastien Weibel ◽  
Catherine Faget ◽  
Christophe Lancon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Major Depressive

The association of oxytocin with major depressive disorder: role of confounding effects of antidepressants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyi Xie ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Li Fang ◽  
Shijia Chen ◽  
Benson O.A. Botchway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Syndrome

Abstract Major depressive disorder is a genetic susceptible disease, and a psychiatric syndrome with a high rate of incidence and recurrence. Because of its complexity concerning etiology and pathogenesis, the cure rate of first-line antidepressants is low. In recent years, accumulative evidences revealed that oxytocin act as a physiological or pathological participant in a variety of complex neuropsychological activities, including major depressive disorder. Six electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Wanfang) were employed for researching relevant publications. At last, 226 articles were extracted. The current review addresses the correlation of the oxytocin system and major depressive disorder. Besides, we summarize the mechanisms by which the oxytocin system exerts potential antidepressant effects, including regulating neuronal activity, influencing neuroplasticity and regeneration, altering neurotransmitter release, down regulating hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and genetic effects. Increasing evidence shows that oxytocin and its receptor gene may play a potential role in major depressive disorder. Future research should focus on the predictive ability of the oxytocin system as a biomarker, as well as its role in targeted prevention and early intervention of major depressive disorder.

Associations Between Burnout and Mental Disorder Symptoms Among Nurses in Canada

2020 ◽  
pp. 084456212097419
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Stelnicki ◽  
Laleh Jamshidi ◽  
Andréanne Angehrn ◽  
Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos ◽  
R. Nicholas Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background Nurses appear to be at a greater risk of burnout compared to other medical professionals. Higher levels of burnout are significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. Purpose The current study was designed to estimate levels of burnout among Canadian nurses, examine the association between burnout and mental disorder symptoms, and identify characteristics that may increase the risk for reporting symptoms of burnout. Method Canadian nurses ( n = 3257; 94.3% women) were surveyed online in both English and French. The survey assessed current symptoms of burnout and mental disorders (i.e., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder). Results Most nurses (63.2%) reported at least some symptoms of burnout and many (29.3%) reported clinically significant levels of burnout. Age and years of service were the only demographic variables that explained burnout rates. Participants reporting clinically significant levels of burnout were significantly more likely than participants with no burnout to screen positive for all mental disorders, but particularly for Major Depressive Disorder. Conclusions Monitoring burnout may be an effective way to identify nurses at risk of developing symptoms of mental disorders. Younger and early-career nurses are an important group to target for prevention programs.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence and inter-cohort variation in DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
SING LEE ◽  
ADLEY TSANG ◽  
MING-YUAN ZHANG ◽  
YUE-QIN HUANG ◽  
YAN-LING HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background. This is the first study to examine variation across cohorts in lifetime risk of DSM-IV mental disorders in metropolitan China.Method. Face-to-face household interviews of 2633 adults in Beijing and 2568 adults in Shanghai were conducted from November 2001 to February 2002 using a multi-stage household probability sampling method. The Chinese World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was used for assessment.Results. Lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 13·2%. Alcohol abuse (4·7%), major depressive disorder (3·5%), and specific phobia (2·6%) were the most common disorders. The median age of onset was later for mood (43 years) than anxiety (17 years) and substance use (25 years) disorders. Compared to observed lifetime prevalence, the projected lifetime risk as of age 75 years increased by 106% for major depressive disorder (7·2%), and was uniformly higher for all disorders. Relative odds of any lifetime disorder were 4·7 in the most recent cohorts (ages 18–34) compared to the eldest cohorts (ages [ges ]65).Conclusions. The findings of this cross-sectional study tally with the view that rapid socioeconomic changes may bring about increasing incidence of mental disorders in China. However, prospective longitudinal studies are needed to confirm if the increase is real. Because of the huge size of the Chinese population, any increase in projected lifetime risk of mental disorders represents an enormous increase in the number of affected individuals.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Brain Serotonin Synthesis in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder: A A-[11C]MT Pet Imaging Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.N. Frey ◽  
I. Skelin ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Nishikawa ◽  
M. Diksic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Men And Women

Objective:Women are at higher risk than men to develop major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms underlying the higher risk for MDD in women are unknown. There is a wealth of data showing gender differences in brain morphology and function. In addition, preclinical studies have demonstrated reciprocal relationships between ovarian hormones and serotonin neurotransmission. Thus, gender differences in brain serotonin neurotransmission are potential underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we compared normalized α-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan brain trapping constant (α-[11C]MTrp K*; ml/g/min), an index of serotonin synthesis, between men and women with MDD.Method:α-[11C]MTrp K* was measured in 25 medication-free individuals with MDD (13 females and 12 males) using positron emission tomography. Comparisons of normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* values between men and women were conducted at the voxel level using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2 (SPM2) analysis.Results:Women with MDD displayed significantly higher (p< 0.005) normalized α-[11C]MTrp K* than men in the inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), parahippocampal gyrus, precuneus and superior parietal lobule, and occipital lingual gyrus.Conclusions:This finding suggests that depressive women have higher serotonin synthesis in multiple regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic system involved with mood regulation. Gender differences in brain serotonin synthesis may be associated with higher risk for MDD in women because extra levels of tissue 5-HT could create non-physiological connections influencing changes in mood.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Nepal: Findings from the Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar Jha ◽  
Saroj Prasad Ojha ◽  
Sushma Dahal ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Sagun Ballav Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Mental Health Survey ◽  
National Mental Health

Background: The global prevalence of mental disorders is high and has an increasing trend. In Nepal, there is dearth in literature on prevalence of mental disorders based on national representative sample. In this study, we aim to present the findings on the prevalence of mental disorders from the pilot study of National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1647 participants aged 13 years and above in three districts of Nepal: Dhanusha, Bhaktapur and Dolakha each representing three ecological regions. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) standard version 7.0.2 for DSM-5 was used for adults (aged 18 years and above), and kid version of the same tool was used for children (aged 13-17 years) in Nepali language. Separate sets of questions were added for epilepsy and dissociative conversion disorder that were not in the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview tool. Prevalence of assessed mental disorders was reported separately for adults and children.Results: The current prevalence of mental disorders among adults and children were 13.2% and 11.2% respectively. Substance use disorder, dissociative conversion disorder, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and psychotic disorder were common among adults. Similarly, psychotic disorder, agoraphobia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders were common among children. Current suicidality was present among 10.9% adults and 8.7% children.Conclusions: Our findings from the pilot study have given insight into the prevalence of different mental disorders in the survey areas. These findings can be utilized for planning the National Mental Health Survey, Nepal. Keywords: Mental disorders; mental health survey; MINI; Nepal; pilot study.

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