No distinctions between different types of anxiety symptoms in pre-adolescents from the general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Ferdinand ◽  
Natasja D.J. van Lang ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Qi ◽  
Ting Hu ◽  
Qi-Qi Ge ◽  
Xiao-Na Zhou ◽  
Jia-Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 1 year, causing far-reaching and unprecedented changes in almost all aspects of society. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety, and explore the factors associated with it. Methods A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess mental health problems from February 2 to February 9, 2021 by using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The insomnia severity index (ISI), demographic data and COVID-19 related variables were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. The factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified by Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results In the study that 1171 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among general people was 22.6 and 21.4% respectively in the present study. Living alone was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while regular exercises was a potential protective factor. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia symptoms and the negative feelings about pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic- related chronic stress has brought about profound impacts on long-term mental health in the general population. The level of insomnia and a negative attitude towards the pandemic are significantly correlated with unfavorable mental health. However, we failed to found a significant association of age and gender with the mental health symptoms, although they were recognized as well-established risk factors during the outbreak by some other studies. This discrepancy may be because the acute and chronic effects of the pandemic are influenced by different factors, which reminds that more attention should be paid to the intrinsic psychological factors and physical reactions towards COVID-19.

Modeling a multi-layered blockchain framework for digital services that governments can implement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fernando Rebollar ◽  
Rocío Aldeco-Perez ◽  
Marco A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Information Security ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

The general population increasingly uses digital services, meaning services which are delivered over the internet or an electronic network, and events such as pandemics have accelerated the need of using new digital services. Governments have also increased their number of digital services, however, these digital services still lack of sufficient information security, particularly integrity. Blockchain uses cryptographic techniques that allow decentralization and increase the integrity of the information it handles, but it still has disadvantages in terms of efficiency, making it incapable of implementing some digital services where a high rate of transactions are required. In order to increase its efficient, a multi-layer proposal based on blockchain is presented. It has four layers, where each layer specializes in a different type of information and uses properties of public blockchain and private blockchain. An statistical analysis is performed and the proposal is modeled showing that it maintains and even increases the integrity of the information while preserving the efficiency of transactions. Besides, the proposal can be flexible and adapt to different types of digital services. It also considers that voluntary nodes participate in the decentralization of information making it more secure, verifiable, transparent and reliable.

Physical and Mental Health of Different Types of Orchestra Musicians Compared to Other Professions

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Voltmer ◽  
Mark Zander ◽  
Joachim E Fischer ◽  
Brigitte M Kudielka ◽  
Bernhard Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Score ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Health Score

Objectives: This study examined the physical and mental health of orchestra musicians of different types of orchestras compared to a reference sample of the general population and of two other professions. Methods: Professional musicians (n = 429) from nine opera and/or concert orchestras were surveyed with the Short Form-12 general health questionnaire (SF-12). Data were compared with a reference sample (n = 2805) with a sample of physicians (n = 549) and aircraft manufacturers (n = 822). Results: Compared to the reference sample and the two other professional groups, the musicians had a higher physical health score: 53.07 (SD 5.89) vs 49.03 (SD 9.35) reference, 51.26 (SD 7.53) physicians, and 49.31 (SD 7.99) aircraft manufacturers. The musicians’ mental health score was lower compared to the reference sample but did not differ from the other professional groups: 48.33 (SD 9.52) for musicians vs 52.24 (SD 8.10) reference, 48.26 (SD 10.06) physicians, and 48.54 (SD 9.59) aircraft manufacturers. Physical health but not mental health decreased with age in all groups. In physical and mental health, women scored lower than men. There was no significant difference in physical and mental health scores between musicians of concert and opera orchestras. Age and gender accounted for 3.6% of the variance of the physical health score, but none of the demographic characteristics or orchestral roles and functions was predictive for mental health scores. Conclusions: Musicians report better physical but poorer mental health than the general population, but they did not differ in mental health scores from physicians or aircraft manufacturers.

Electoral Ergonomics

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-262
Author(s):  
Michael Bruter ◽  
Sarah Harrison
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Empirical Logic ◽  
Electoral Choice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on electoral ergonomics, defined as the interface between every aspect of electoral organization and the psychology of the voters. It argues that every small detail in the organization of the vote (electoral ergonomics) matters not only mechanically, but also because of the way it may trigger different psychological mechanisms and emotional reactions, and that as a result, the ergonomic interface will have different effects on different types of voter, such as ‘referees’ or ‘supporters’. Indeed, electoral ergonomics affects the way citizens experience the vote, their attitudes, their likeliness to vote in elections, and their actual electoral choice. The chapter then unpacks the theoretical and empirical logic behind the influence of electoral ergonomics, both in general and through specific case studies. These case studies include the impact of the use of remote voting on electoral experience in the general population, its influence on the electoral choice of young voters, and the effect of ballot-paper design (including paper vs electronic ballots) on the electoral experience.

How the Supports Paradigm Is Transforming the Developmental Disabilities Service System

Inclusion ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Thompson ◽  
Robert L. Schalock ◽  
John Agosta ◽  
Lilia Teninty ◽  
Jon Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
General Population ◽  
Service System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Relevant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adult Service

Abstract The supports paradigm is based on the premise that the most relevant difference between people with intellectual disability and related developmental disabilities (ID/DD) and the general population is that people with ID/DD need different types and intensities of support to fully participate in and contribute to society. The supports paradigm is changing professional work and public policies in the field of ID/DD by providing a conceptual basis for aligning the work of researchers, policymakers, and professionals at micro (individual), meso (organizational), and macro (jurisdictional) levels. The potential of the supports paradigm to transform the adult service system is discussed.

The association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and bone mineral density in the general population: The HUNT Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana J. Williams ◽  
Ottar Bjerkeset ◽  
Arnulf Langhammer ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hunt Study

scholarly journals ADHD symptoms in the adult general population are associated with factors linked to ADHD in adult patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Nina Roth Mota ◽  
Tessel E. Galesloot ◽  
Janita Bralten ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Adhd

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adults. It is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention (IA) and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity (HI). The ADHD diagnosis is hypothesized to represent the extreme of a continuous distribution of ADHD symptoms in the general population. In this study, we investigated whether factors linked to adult ADHD as a disorder are associated with adult ADHD symptoms in the general population. Our population-based sample included 4,987 adults (mean age 56.1 years; 53.8% female) recruited by the Nijmegen Biomedical Study (NBS). Participants completed the Dutch ADHD DSM-IV Rating Scale for current and childhood ADHD symptoms, the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R) anxiety subscale, and the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-S). Partial Spearman correlation and Hurdle negative binomial regression analysis were used to assess how age, sex, childhood ADHD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism) are associated with current IA and HI symptoms. Increasing age was associated with a lower proportion of participants reporting HI symptoms and with reduced levels of HI; IA levels remained fairly stable over the age-range, but the probability of reporting IA symptoms increased throughout middle/late adulthood. Females were more likely to report IA symptoms than males. Childhood ADHD symptoms, neuroticism, and psychoticism were positively associated with current IA and HI symptoms, while extraversion had an opposite association with these symptom domains. Anxiety symptoms affected HI symptoms in females. Our results indicate that factors associated with categorical ADHD are also correlated with ADHD symptoms in the adult population.

scholarly journals Paranoia and Grandiosity in the General Population: Differential Associations With Putative Causal Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Sheffield ◽  
Aaron P. Brinen ◽  
Daniel Freeman
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychological Models

Worry, negative self-beliefs, and sleep disturbance have been identified as contributory factors to the onset, maintenance, and severity of paranoia. We tested the specificity of these contributory factors to paranoia compared to grandiosity, a different type of delusional ideation. Data were used from 814 adults from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland (NKI-Rockland) study, a general population dataset. Paranoid and grandiose delusional ideation was assessed using the Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI-21) and correlated with self-reported worry (n = 228), negative self-beliefs (n = 485), and sleep quality (n = 655). Correlations were compared using Fisher's r-to-z transform to examine whether the magnitude of relationships differed by delusion type. Paranoia was significantly associated with worry, negative self-belief, and sleep quality. Grandiosity demonstrated significantly weaker relationships with worry and negative self-beliefs. Relationships with sleep quality were similar. We replicate previous reports that worry, negative self-beliefs and sleep quality are associated with paranoid ideation in the general population. We extend these findings by demonstrating that these contributory factors, particularly worry and negative self-beliefs, are associated with paranoid ideation to a greater extent than grandiosity. This suggests a degree of specificity of contributory factors to different types of delusional thinking, supporting the pursuit of specific psychological models and treatments for each delusion type.

scholarly journals Patient Characteristics Associated with Different Types of Prison TB: An Epidemiological Analysis of 921 TB Cases Diagnosed at an Ethiopian Prison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmah Amirkhani ◽  
Maheen Humayun ◽  
Wen Ye ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Zhenhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Despite incarcerated population being at an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) and serving as a potential source of TB transmission for the general population, prison TB remains understudied. Given its adverse impact on progress towards TB elimination, World Health Organization (WHO) has identified prison TB research as a top priority to guide TB treatment/control interventions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 921 notified TB cases that were diagnosed at Kality Federal Prison, Ethiopia during 2009-2017. To assess trends of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (PTB), extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), and TB-HIV co-infection, an ecological analysis of aggregated cases was used to report trends over time. Additionally, we used multivariable log binomial regression to identify patient characteristics associated with microbiologically confirmed PTB, extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), and TB-HIV co-infection. Results: Microbiologically confirmed PTB proportion increased over time. Young age was identified as an important risk factor for EPTB (aPR=1.74, 95%CI: 0.97, 3.13) while HIV coinfection was negatively associated with EPTB (aPR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.97). While previous TB history was associated with a lower likelihood of EPTB (aPR=0.42, 95%CI:0.25, 0.70), it was associated with an increased risk of TB-HIV coinfection (aPR=1.37, 95%CI:1.10, 1.71). Clinically diagnosed PTB patients were more likely to have TB-HIV coinfection compared to microbiologically confirmed PTB patients (aPR= 1.32, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.72).Conclusions: Increasing proportion of microbiologically confirmed PTB may suggest delayed access to treatment, severe disease and increased risk of intramural transmission. Associations with clinical/demographic factors varied for different types of TB and were not always consistent with what has been previously reported for the general population, necessitating the need to refocus prison TB control/treatment strategies based on context specific epidemiological factors.

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