Significance of intermediate production processes in life cycle assessment of electronic products assessed using a generic compact model

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1269-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders S.G. Andræ ◽  
Dag R. Andersson ◽  
Johan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Production Processes

Life Cycle Assessment of Tungsten Production in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wei Lu ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Bo Xue Sun ◽  
Qing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Annual Total

Tungsten is an important strategic metal, widely used in cemented carbide manufacturing, steel industry, and other economic fields. The amount of tungsten resource consumed in China each year accounts for more than 80% of the world’s annual total consumption. The purpose of this study is to quantify the environmental impact of tungsten production in China through the method of LCA. The result shows that, regarding the contributions of impact categories, the normalized value of HTP is the largest one among various impact categories, which accounts for 35.39% of the total environmental impact, followed by AP, PMFP, GWP, MDP, FDP, and POFP, respectively. The results also show that, regarding the contributions of production processes, smelting process is the largest contributor to the environmental burden of tungsten production due to the crystallization and calcination reduction occurred in the smelting process consumes a large amount of electricity, followed by mining, beneficiation, and transportation, respectively. The major academic contribution of this paper to the existing literatures is that we employed process-based analysis method, which could improve the accuracy of the study and provide practical advices for tungsten enterprises to reduce the environmental impact.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Nitrate and Compound Fertilizers Production—A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Georgios Gaidajis ◽  
Ilias Kakanis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Water Eutrophication ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

The production and utilization of fertilizers are processes with known and noteworthy environmental impacts. Direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a high contribution to water eutrophication due to the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) derivatives are some of the most crucial impacts derived from the overall life cycle of fertilizer use. The life cycle assessment (LCA) has been reliable and analytical tool for the identification, quantification, and evaluation of potential environmental impacts of fertilizers related to the products, production processes, or activities throughout their lifecycle. In this paper, a gate-to-gate LCA approach was applied in order to identify and evaluate the impacts derived from the production processes of nitrate and compound fertilizers the production industry in Northeastern Greece. The results from this study prove that compound fertilizers have a greater impact compared with nitrate fertilizers, contributing up to 70% of the total production impacts. Furthermore, climate change, freshwater eutrophication, and fossil fuel depletion were identified as the most crucial impact categories. Finally, a comparison with relevant LCA studies was conducted, in order to identify the possibility of a consistency pattern of the fertilizer production impacts in general.

Environmental Evaluation for Three Typical Steel Pipe Production Processes Based on Energy Materials and Life Cycle Assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Su ◽  
Hong Zhi Ma ◽  
Yu Hui Ma ◽  
Qun Hui Wang ◽  
Xing Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Production Processes

Steel pipe applications are more widely used, but there are no comparative analysises about the environmental impact and energy consum of steel pipe and its production processes. This article investigated the environmental implications of three typical steel pipe production processes based on energy materials and life cycle assessment perspective. We modeled scenarios, calculated energy consumed and six aspects which classified as GWP, ODP, AP, EP, POCP and DUST. The rank of energy consumed in descending order is C-Pipe> H-Pipe> W-Pipe. Welded steel pipe is the best energy-friendly material in term of energy consumption. The rank of impact potential according to normalized results in descending order is GWP>AP>DUST>EP>POCP>ODP. The rank of impact potential according to weight factor in descending order is AP>DUST>GWP>ODP>EP>POCP. Acid Potential is the most significant factor. The weight factor of AP is almost twice as much as that of GWP. In environmental terms, the environmental depletion index of welded pipe production process is lowest with minimal environmental impact and the cold drawn pipe production process the highest with largest environmental impact. Welded steel pipe is the best environment-friendly material in term of environmental impact. Utilization of green energy and waste heat can effectively reduce the environmental implications for both hot rolling pipe and cold drawn pipe production processes.

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of paper handouts vs. Online handouts-from a life cycle assessment prospective

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Arango
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Production Processes

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">T</span>he purpose of this study was to address the concerns about sustainability between the uses of hard copy reference documents versus online copies. This project presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study comparing the production and use of a hard copy handout versus an online handout. For the purpose of this study, paper handouts and online handouts are two different and independent processes. This means that they not only have different outputs but also have different manufacturing stages in order to get to the final result. The scope of this study is “cradle to grave,” starting with the extraction of the raw materials, followed by paper and computer production processes, transportation, product use and disposal/recovery. Results indicate that under the made assumptions, the use of a paper handout has more environmental impacts. At the same time among the evaluated processes, paper production has higher environmental impacts.</p>

scholarly journals The use of LCA to assess the global ecological competitiveness of selected economies in the area of production of goods

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Leszek Kazmierczak-Piwko ◽  
Adrianna Dybikowska ◽  
Grzegorz Ganczewski
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Global System ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Production Areas

The article addresses the issues of green ecological competitiveness in the global system and its selected aspects. The authors propose using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the global ecological competitiveness of selected economies in their production areas, in terms of the environmental impact of their production processes, determined by the energy mix used in a particular national economy. To compare the environmental impacts of the production of a unified product in selected economies, i.e., France, India, USA and Japan, the ISO standard LCA using the ReCIPe Endpoint v1.13 and IPCC 2013 Global Warming Potential 100 methods and Sima Pro 8.5 software were used. The LCA for a 0.5 l plastic bottle was made. Data on the use of electricity for all stages of plastic processing in the bottle were made for energy mixes from France, India, Japan and USA and compared using Ecoinvent 3 database. Keywords: Global ecological competitiveness, green competitiveness, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), green economy, ecological competitiveness analysis.

scholarly journals A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Different Production Processes for Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Klug ◽  
Josef-Peter Schöggl ◽  
Doris Dallinger ◽  
Clemens Stueckler ◽  
Andreas Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Polyurethane Dispersions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

This study provides a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of four different polyurethane dispersion production processes from cradle-to-gate. The environmental performances of the NMP process, the acetone process, the melt process, and a conceptualized continuous flow process were evaluated and compared following the CML 2001 methodology. The LCA revealed that the conceptualized flow process exhibits the lowest environmental impact in all investigated impact categories. Depending on the impact category, the melt process or the acetone process rank second. The NMP process was observed to have the highest impact in all categories. Consequently, the flow process has the lowest carbon footprint (1.13 kg CO2-eq), according to the global warming potential (100 years), followed by the melt (1.45 kg CO2-eq), the acetone (1.95 kg CO2-eq) and the NMP process (3.11 kg CO2-eq).

Environmental impact comparison of wheat straw fast pyrolysis systems with different hydrogen production processes based on life cycle assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110450
Author(s):  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Zhaoping Zhong ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Haoran Du ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Bio Oil

This study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of 1000 kg h−1 wheat straw to produce biofuel via fast pyrolysis with three different hydrogen production processes by the life cycle assessment (LCA) based on Chinese Life Cycle Database (CLCD). The primary energy depletion (PED), global warming potential (GWP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP) and respiratory inorganics (RI) impact categories of 1 MJ biofuel produced were employed for comparison. In case 1, the hydrogen was derived from natural gas steam reforming, and all the bio-oil was hydrotreated to produce the biofuel. In case 2, a part of the aqueous phase was reformed to produce hydrogen, whereas the remaining bio-oil was hydrotreated to produce biofuel. In case 3, all the aqueous phase of bio-oil was reformed to produce hydrogen, a part of hydrogen generated by reforming was used to oil phase hydrotreated and the excess hydrogen was considered as a co-product. Our results show that the PED, GWP, ADP and RI of case 3 are 0.1355 MJ, −17.96 g CO2eq., 0.0338 g antimonyeq and 0.0461 g PM2.5eq.. Compared with conventional diesel, the PED, GWP, ADP and RI of case 3 were reduced by 89.81, 117.44, 1.74 and 85.03%, respectively. The results of sub-process contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis suggested that the electricity consumption for the bio-oil production has the maximal effect on the total PED, GWP and RI of case 3, whereas the amount of fertilizers in the biomass production sub-process has the maximal effect on the total ADP.

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