Life cycle impacts of three-way ceramic honeycomb catalytic converter in terms of disability adjusted life year

Subject. The article discusses medical and demographic processes in Russia and Finland. Objectives. I evaluate cases of social innovations implemented for the preservation and strengthening of public health in Finland under the auspices of The Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods. Methodologically, the study relies upon the ideology of the GDB Project, which rests on the DALY (the Disability Adjusted Life Year). Results. I analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates, DALY in Russia and Finland, determined what mainly triggers the risk (environmental, behavioral, metabolic) fueling some public health degradation. The article provides the insight into the efficiency of some social innovations implemented in Finland and suggests what should be done to outline medical and demographic programs in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. The medical and demographic situation in Russia requires new tools to find innovative solutions for the social policy and, inter alia, the use of the GBD technique, which proved to be effective. Referring to evidence from Finland, demographic challenges in Russian can be handled through a systems approach, i.e. socio-economic actions, improvement of the healthcare and social security, wellness propaganda.

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Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

Economic Analysis Theory and Practice ◽

10.24891/ea.19.4.618 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 618-632

Author(s):

A.S. Panchenko

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Population Based ◽

The Public ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Problems And Solutions ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽

Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

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The Impact of Energy Consumption on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14051372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1372

Author(s):

Silviu Nate ◽

Yuriy Bilan ◽

Danylo Cherevatskyi ◽

Ganna Kharlamova ◽

Oleksandr Lyakh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Density ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Policy Design ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

The Social ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽

The Impact

The paper analyzes the impact of energy consumption on the three pillars of sustainable development in 74 countries. The main methodological challenge in this research is the choice of a single integral indicator for assessing the social component of sustainable development. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), ecological footprint, and GDP (Gross domestic product) are used to characterize the social, ecological, and economical pillars. The concept of physics, namely the concept of density (specific gravity), is used. It characterizes the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, i.e., reflects the saturation of a certain volume with this substance. Thus, to assess the relationship between energy consumption and the three foundations of sustainable development, it is proposed to determine the energy density of the indicators DALY, the ecological footprint, and GDP. The reaction to changes in energy consumption is described by the elasticity of energy density functions, calculated for each of the abovementioned indicators. The state of the social pillar is mostly dependent on energy consumption. As for the changes in the ecological pillar, a 1% reduction in energy consumption per capita gives only a 0.6% ecological footprint reduction, which indicates a low efficiency of reducing energy consumption policy and its danger for the social pillar. The innovative aspect of the research is to apply a cross-disciplinary approach and a calculative technique to identify the impact that each of the pillars of sustainable development imposes on energy policy design. The policy of renewable energy expansion is preferable for all sustainable development pillars.

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Data inputs and assumptions in calculating the non-fatal burden in burden of disease studies

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

J Haagsma ◽

G Wyper ◽

B Devleesschauwer

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Disability Weight ◽

Health States ◽

Methodological Choices ◽

Disability Weights ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Simple Step ◽

Years Lived With Disability ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Years Lived with Disability (YLD) is a component of the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), and measures the healthy time that is lost because of living with a disease or disability. YLDs are calculated by multiplying the prevalence and/or incidence of a disorder by the short- or long-term loss of health associated with that disability (the disability weight) and disease severity (severity distribution). The process of calculating a YLD involves several components and in this presentation each step will be highlighted through a sequential walk through for each step in the YLD calculation, including counting disease occurrencethe relationship between disability weights, health states and severity distributionsadjusting for comorbiditiesdealing with uncertainty The aim of this presentation is to provide a simple step by step guide on the key components in the YLD calculation. Using the real-life example of cerebrovascular disease, the presentation will outline the key choices and assumptions that underline each data input in the YLD calculation. Participants in this session will also be provided with links to resources to help facilitate this decision-making process. The workshop will end with an interactive session where the presenters will discuss the implications of the different methodological choices with the audience.

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History and development of national burden of disease assessment in Australia

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-020-00467-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lynelle Moon ◽

Michelle Gourley ◽

John Goss ◽

Miriam Lum On ◽

Paula Laws ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burden Of Disease ◽

World Health ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

The World ◽

National Burden ◽

Quality Framework ◽

Health Organization ◽

Disease Study ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Australia’s 1996 national burden of disease (BoD) study was one of the first in the world and updates have continued over the following two decades with the fifth study now underway. The studies adapt the global framework most recently implemented by the Global Burden of Disease Study and the World Health Organization to suit Australia’s specific needs, producing estimates of fatal and non-fatal burden via the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) metric, as well as attribution of the burden to many risk factors. Detailed Australian data are used with minimal reliance on modelling to fill data gaps. Comprehensive estimates are produced, including for the Indigenous population, for each of the eight states and territories, the five remoteness areas and five socioeconomic quintiles. A number of method developments have been made as part of these studies, including redistribution of deaths data and a detailed quality framework for describing the robustness of the underlying data and methods. Data and methods continue to be refined as part of the studies, and developments in global studies and other national studies are incorporated where appropriate.

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A evolução da carga de causas externas no Brasil: uma comparação entre os anos de 1998 e 2008

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00133714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 2169-2184 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luiz Villarinho Pereira Mendes ◽

Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽

Vanessa dos Reis von-Doellinger ◽

Jurema Corrêa da Mota ◽

Thiago Góes Pimentel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Years Lived With Disability ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Year

Resumo O objetivo foi comparar as estimativas das causas externas provenientes do estudo Carga Global de Doenças, entre os anos 1998 e 2008. A estimação do DALY (disability-adjusted life year) e do YLL (years of life lost) foi baseada em metodologia do estudo Carga Global de Doenças. Para o cálculo do YLD (years lived with disability), foram incluídas informações sobre atendimentos em emergências. Para comparabilidade, fez-se necessária a aplicação da mesma metodologia nos dois momentos analisados, tendo sido a mais recente eleita como padrão de referência. Em ambos os anos as causas externas foram responsáveis por cerca de 10% do total do DALY. Entretanto, sua distribuição interna apresentou marcada diferença entre as regiões do Brasil, com queda no Sudeste e aumento no Norte e Nordeste. Houve aumento das causas intencionais e o DALY se tornou mais letal (maior parcela de YLL). Espera-se que tais resultados balizem a formulação de políticas e/ou o aprimoramento das já existentes com vistas ao efetivo enfrentamento das causas externas.

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