Cases of social innovations implemented in the public health sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600-1621
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Subject. The article discusses medical and demographic processes in Russia and Finland. Objectives. I evaluate cases of social innovations implemented for the preservation and strengthening of public health in Finland under the auspices of The Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods. Methodologically, the study relies upon the ideology of the GDB Project, which rests on the DALY (the Disability Adjusted Life Year). Results. I analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates, DALY in Russia and Finland, determined what mainly triggers the risk (environmental, behavioral, metabolic) fueling some public health degradation. The article provides the insight into the efficiency of some social innovations implemented in Finland and suggests what should be done to outline medical and demographic programs in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. The medical and demographic situation in Russia requires new tools to find innovative solutions for the social policy and, inter alia, the use of the GBD technique, which proved to be effective. Referring to evidence from Finland, demographic challenges in Russian can be handled through a systems approach, i.e. socio-economic actions, improvement of the healthcare and social security, wellness propaganda.

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Consumption on the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372
Author(s):  
Silviu Nate ◽  
Yuriy Bilan ◽  
Danylo Cherevatskyi ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Oleksandr Lyakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
The Impact

The paper analyzes the impact of energy consumption on the three pillars of sustainable development in 74 countries. The main methodological challenge in this research is the choice of a single integral indicator for assessing the social component of sustainable development. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY), ecological footprint, and GDP (Gross domestic product) are used to characterize the social, ecological, and economical pillars. The concept of physics, namely the concept of density (specific gravity), is used. It characterizes the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, i.e., reflects the saturation of a certain volume with this substance. Thus, to assess the relationship between energy consumption and the three foundations of sustainable development, it is proposed to determine the energy density of the indicators DALY, the ecological footprint, and GDP. The reaction to changes in energy consumption is described by the elasticity of energy density functions, calculated for each of the abovementioned indicators. The state of the social pillar is mostly dependent on energy consumption. As for the changes in the ecological pillar, a 1% reduction in energy consumption per capita gives only a 0.6% ecological footprint reduction, which indicates a low efficiency of reducing energy consumption policy and its danger for the social pillar. The innovative aspect of the research is to apply a cross-disciplinary approach and a calculative technique to identify the impact that each of the pillars of sustainable development imposes on energy policy design. The policy of renewable energy expansion is preferable for all sustainable development pillars.

scholarly journals History and development of national burden of disease assessment in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynelle Moon ◽  
Michelle Gourley ◽  
John Goss ◽  
Miriam Lum On ◽  
Paula Laws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The World ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Quality Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Abstract Australia’s 1996 national burden of disease (BoD) study was one of the first in the world and updates have continued over the following two decades with the fifth study now underway. The studies adapt the global framework most recently implemented by the Global Burden of Disease Study and the World Health Organization to suit Australia’s specific needs, producing estimates of fatal and non-fatal burden via the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) metric, as well as attribution of the burden to many risk factors. Detailed Australian data are used with minimal reliance on modelling to fill data gaps. Comprehensive estimates are produced, including for the Indigenous population, for each of the eight states and territories, the five remoteness areas and five socioeconomic quintiles. A number of method developments have been made as part of these studies, including redistribution of deaths data and a detailed quality framework for describing the robustness of the underlying data and methods. Data and methods continue to be refined as part of the studies, and developments in global studies and other national studies are incorporated where appropriate.

scholarly journals Would employment-based health savings accounts help Medicare

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Hindle ◽  
Ian McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Health Savings Accounts ◽  
Savings Accounts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pro Bono ◽  
British Health

The health systems of Australia and New Zealand are built on common foundations which largely reflect the social and institutional underpinnings of the British health sector. Both countries initially relied upon a combination of privately-funded services for those who could afford them and charitable support for those who were less well off. They introduced formalised regulation and licensing of health professionals and government-funded and delivered public health services. Senior medical staff divided their time between fee-earning private practice and pro bono work in the charitable/voluntary sector, and so on.

scholarly journals The Integration of Behavioural Change Models in Social Marketing Programs in Public Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Oxana Savciuc ◽  
Alina Timotin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Change Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumer Orientation ◽  
Alternative Techniques

Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework of the integration of the theories and models of behavioural change in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs applied in public health. A second purpose is to highlight the benefits of social marketing over alternative techniques used in programs that are designed to influence health behaviour. The research is a conceptual one, that uses both theoretical (through examination of theories and concepts) and applied approaches (through examination of particular cases and examples). In the specialized literature there are presented multiple models/theories of behavioural change, but their specific application in the marketing mix of the social marketing programs is insufficiently described. The need to use these theories in the public health sector arises from the extended application of social marketing in this field and the specificity of the domain. Eight main theories of behaviour change were studied according to their purpose, variables (possibility of segmentation) and limits. Accordingly, the study presents how these theories can be integrated in the process of social marketing implementation in defining the marketing mix strategy. In this regard, it is important to underline the advantages of using social marketing (in contrast to alternative techniques like PRECEDE/PROCEED or the ecological models), namely: it is based on consumer orientation, uses marketing research, creates attractive exchanges, considers competition, uses the marketing mix, ensures management of the processes. In addition, some elements of the alternative techniques can be taken over in the application of social marketing. Social marketing is a very useful practical tool, but it needs a well-grounded theoretical support in order to gain ground in front of other similar theories. This paper tends to enhance the theoretical tools available for researchers and practitioners.

Medical stratification in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Social

Market transition in Vietnam is known to have fueled health disparities, but racialized and nationality-linked aspects of the country’s medical stratification have received less attention, despite the growing presence of foreigners using the health system. Field experiences reveal the country’s increasing health and medical inequity – legible in the social, linguistic, economic, and physical distinctions between public health stations staffed by government employees and the private clinics serving mostly expatriates. Ethnographic interviews and experiences of receiving care in both public and private facilities inform my argument that the privatization of Vietnam’s health sector produces racialized, classed, and citizenship-linked forms of medical profit, privilege, segregation, and risk – trends visible both in recent debates over US health policy and recent episodes of pandemic disease outbreak.

scholarly journals ПРИНЦИПЫ СТРАХОВАНИЯ И ОХРАНЫ ЗДОРОВЬЯ В РОССИИ И ФИНЛЯНДИИ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Molchanova ◽  
A. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases

Целью данной статьи является сравнительный анализ основных принципов страхования и охраны здоровья населения в России и Финляндии как ведущего направления социальноэкономической политики государства. Для достижения поставленной цели выполнена оценка эффективности функционирования национальных систем здравоохранения с помощью методики проекта Глобальное бремя болезней (ГББ) и индикатора потерянные годы здоровой жизни (DALY). Выявлены наиболее перспективные программы в области медико демографической политики, в том числе социальные инновации в сфере общественного здоровья. The purpose of this article is the comparative analysis of the basic principles of insurance and public health care in Russia and Finland as leading direction of social and economic policy of the state. For achievement of a goal assessment of efficiency of functioning of national health care systems by means of a project technique the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) and the indicator disability adjusted life years (DALY) is executed. The most perspective programs in the field of medicopopulation policy, including social innovations in the sphere of public health are revealed.

scholarly journals Demographic processes of developmentally peripheral areas in Hungary

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-111
Author(s):  
János Pénzes ◽  
István Pásztor ◽  
Patrik Tátrai
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Spatial Terms ◽  
Natural Change ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Dynamic Population

The current study investigates the demographic processes and challenges of the Hungarian developmentally peripheral settlements. Demographic challenges can be regarded as important consequences of the social and economic disadvantages in spatial terms. However, the interrelating negative demographic tendencies cause even more backward situation blocking or hindering the development. The objective of the current analysis is to discover the demographic characteristics of the peripheral settlements, to detect the spatial disparities and to point out the correlation between backwardness and the investigated demographic phenomena with the help of the census databases 1980-2011 and local datasets on Roma population. Using methods of multivariate statistical analysis, seven indicators were selected in order to achieve the goals of the paper. Backward areas are primarily characterized by population decrease with significant disparities, but there were growing communities among them as well. Some small villages in Northern and Southwestern Hungary will foreseeably face complete depopulation within few years. Primarily small sized villages faced intense decrease in rate of natural change, but dynamic population growth was also detected. Migration loss tends to correlate with the extent of peripherality, as increasing values of migration balance accompany decreasing ratio of peripheral settlements in the area. The ratio of elderly population shows an expressively two-faced character, with the extremely aging and very juvenile settlements. The ratios of Roma population reflect the scale of peripherality. Extended ethnic change could be predicted in Northeastern and Southwestern Hungary and near the Middle Tisza valley. Presented demographic processes will make the backwardness of most of the peripheral settlements stable.

Glossary of health equity in the context of environmental public health practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 806-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rideout ◽  
Dianne Oickle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Health equity is increasingly present as an overarching goal in public health policy frameworks across the globe. Public health actions to support health equity are challenging because solutions to the root causes of health inequities often lie outside of the health sector, and a specific role for environmental public health practitioners has not been clearly articulated. The regulatory nature of the environmental public health profession means that their role is particularly ambiguous. Still, environmental public health practitioners are well situated to identify and respond to factors that contribute to health inequities because of their role as front-line professionals who interact with a wide cross-sector of the population. This Glossary, rooted primarily in the Canadian context but drawing on lessons from elsewhere, describes environmental public health regulatory practice in relation to health equity, including approaches that practitioners can use to contribute to addressing the social determinants of health.

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