Hyperlactatemia in type 2 diabetes: Can physical training help?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative damage to cellular components. There is evidence to suggest that regular physical training positively changes oxidative homeostasis in the cells and tissues by lowering basal levels of oxidative damage, increasing resistance to oxidative stress. Objective: To verify the possible effects of aerobic physical training and resistance on glycemia and oxidative metabolism, and to determine whether there is any difference in outcomes resulting from different types of training in sedentary people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A systematic review of controlled and randomized trials based on PRISMA. The databases LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect and BIREME were searched, combining the descriptors type 2 diabetes mellitus, resistance training, aerobic exercise and oxidative stress in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed by the PEDro scale. The data were read, analyzed, extracted and summarized. Results: Of the 1386 papers retrieved, only five met the inclusion criteria. The five selected papers, consisting of controlled and randomized clinical trials, were summarized. Conclusion: There have been many published studies reporting on exercises and diabetes. However, there is limitation when it comes to comparing their results. The variability of research methods and measurement instruments used makes it difficult to draw conclusions as to which physical training modality is most effective in reducing glycemic levels and oxidative stress in sedentary individuals with T2DM, considering that in each study analyzed in this review, the response to these variables is different. In future research, it would be important to standardize exercise modality, intensity, training time and evaluation parameters. Level of evidence I; Systematic review of RCTs (Randomized controlled trials).

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Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/8523728 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Luciana Costa Melo ◽

Jaime Dativo-Medeiros ◽

Carlos Eduardo Menezes-Silva ◽

Fabiano Timbó Barbosa ◽

Célio Fernando de Sousa-Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Physical Training ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Group Versus ◽

Control Group

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Scientific findings showed that physical exercise is an option for treatment of these patients. This study’s objective is to investigate the effects of supervised aerobic and/or resistance physical training on inflammatory markers in subjects with T2DM.Methods. A systematic review was conducted on four databases, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS, and Scopus, and manual search from 21 to 30 November 2016. Randomized clinical trials involving individuals diagnosed with T2DM, who have undergone supervised training protocols, were selected in this study.Results. Eleven studies were included. Studies that evaluated control group versus aerobic exercise reported controversial results about the effectiveness of physical training in modifying C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine levels. The only variable analyzed by the six studies in comparison to the control group versus resistance exercise was CRP. This protein showed no significant difference between groups. Between the two modes of exercise (aerobic and resistance), only one study demonstrated that aerobic exercise was more effective in reducing CRP.Conclusion. The evidence was insufficient to prove that aerobic or resistance exercise improves systemic levels of inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM.

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The supportive effect of supplementation with α-keto acids on physical training in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c5fo00263j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 2224-2230 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. Liu ◽

T. Spreng ◽

M. Lehr ◽

B. Yang ◽

A. Karau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Physical Training ◽

Glucose Control ◽

Training Effects ◽

Keto Acids ◽

Diabetes Patients

The supplementation with α-keto acids provides supportive effects in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing physical training by improving training effects and prolonging benefit in glucose control.

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Effects of Physical Training on Metabolic Control in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0930127 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

P.C. Ligtenberg ◽

J.B.L. Hoekstra ◽

E. Bol ◽

M.L. Zonderland ◽

D.W. Erkelens

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Physical Training ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

1. The specific role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is still subject to discussion. A randomized prospective study was performed, investigating both the influence of physical training on metabolic control and the feasibility of physical training in the elderly. 2. A total of 58 patients (mean age: 62 ± 5 years; range: 55–75 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to either a physical training or a control programme. The training programme consisted of three sessions a week, aiming at 60–80% of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The 12 week supervised period was followed by a 14 week non-supervised one. The control group followed an educational programme. VO2max was assessed during exercise on a cycle ergometer. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was used as a measure for glucose control, and an insulin tolerance test was performed to test insulin sensitivity. Multivariate analysis of variance, with repeated measures design, was used to test differences between groups. 3. Fifty-one patients completed the study. VO2max was higher in the training group than in the control group both after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01 between groups) and after 26 weeks [training group: 1796 ± 419 ml/min (prestudy), 1880 ± 458 ml/min (6 weeks), 1786 ± 591 ml/min (26 weeks); control group: 1859 ± 455 ml/min (prestudy), 1742 ± 467 ml/min (6 weeks), 1629 ± 504 ml/min (26 weeks)]. Blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity did not change during the study. Levels of total triacyl-glycerols, very-low-density lipoprotein-triacyl-glycerols and apolipoprotein B were significantly lower after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05 between groups respectively), and so was the level of total cholesterol after 12 weeks of training (P ≤ 0.05 between groups). 4. Physical training in obese type 2 diabetic patients over 55 years of age does not change glycaemic control or insulin sensitivity in the short-term. Regular physical activity may lower triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels in this group of patients. 5. Finally, physical training in motivated elderly type 2 diabetic patients without major cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorders is feasible, but only under supervision.

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