Basic Characteristics between Mechanomyogram and Muscle Force during Twitch and Tetanic Contractions in Rat Skeletal Muscles

2022 ◽  
pp. 102627
Author(s):  
Ikumi Sato ◽  
Shusei Yamamoto ◽  
Mai Kakimoto ◽  
Moe Fujii ◽  
Koki Honma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Basic Characteristics

scholarly journals Factors determining stress-reactivity of hemodynamics in the adolescents

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sumin ◽  
L. Sumina ◽  
N. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Normal Reaction ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Psychological Questionnaires

Resume In order to assess factors contributing to stress reactivity of blood pressure 66 adolescents (25 boys and 41 girles) form 14 to 17 yrs (15,2+0,1 yrs) were examined. Test with oral calculation, psychological (questionnaires of Bass-Darky, Kettle, Spielberg) as well as force of skeletal muscles and were assessed. Hyperreaction of blood pressure (BP) was observed in 27% of adolescents, normal reaction - in 47% cases, low reactivity - in 26%. In hyperreactive subjects lower parameters of skeletal muscle force were documented. Psychological discrepancies were insignificant between the groups. The BP raise during mental stress correlated with muscle force, body weight, baseline BP level and mental development. The data obtained can indicate that reducing stress reactivity can be important instrument in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in psychogenic rest groups.

Fast Deformation of Skeletal Muscle Using Constraint Functions

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 903-907
Author(s):  
Xiu Xia Liang
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Process ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Passive Force ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Fast Approach ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, we propose a fast approach to simulate the dynamic behavior of skeletal muscles based on bio-mechanical and anatomical properties. In contrast to physically accurate deformation, this simulation achieves faster and better simulation of skeletal muscles, with the cost of unnoticeable visual accuracy. Internal constrains are generated to conserve linear and angular momentum which is essential for cloth self-collision. Deformation constraints are defined by using the muscle force-length relationship serve as Control Axial Curve, which constrainedly generates the active and passive force of the muscles to drive skeletal motion during the deformation process. This approach generates realistic visual effect, and manages the deformation of muscles on the basis of the bio-mechanical properties with fast speed. We have demonstrated the simulation by creating a musculoskeletal model of the upper limb.

scholarly journals Physiological tremor reveals how thixotropy adapts skeletal muscle for posture and movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 160065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlijn A. Vernooij ◽  
Raymond F. Reynolds ◽  
Martin Lakie
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Physiological Tremor ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Smooth Transitions

People and animals can move freely, but they must also be able to stay still. How do skeletal muscles economically produce both movement and posture? Humans are well known to have motor units with relatively homogeneous mechanical properties. Thixotropic muscle properties can provide a solution by providing a temporary stiffening of all skeletal muscles in postural conditions. This stiffening is alleviated almost instantly when muscles start to move. In this paper, we probe this behaviour. We monitor both the neural input to a muscle, measured here as extensor muscle electromyography (EMG), and its output, measured as tremor (finger acceleration). Both signals were analysed continuously as the subject made smooth transitions between posture and movement. The results showed that there were marked changes in tremor which systematically increased in size and decreased in frequency as the subject moved faster. By contrast, the EMG changed little and reflected muscle force requirement rather than movement speed. The altered tremor reflects naturally occurring thixotropic changes in muscle behaviour. Our results suggest that physiological tremor provides useful and hitherto unrecognized insights into skeletal muscle's role in posture and movement.

scholarly journals Extensive eccentric contractions in intact cardiac trabeculae: revealing compelling differences in contractile behaviour compared to skeletal muscles

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1903) ◽  
pp. 20190719 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Tomalka ◽  
Oliver Röhrle ◽  
June-Chiew Han ◽  
Toan Pham ◽  
Andrew J. Taberner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Linear Rise ◽  
Total Muscle

Force enhancement (FE) is a phenomenon that is present in skeletal muscle. It is characterized by progressive forces upon active stretching—distinguished by a linear rise in force—and enhanced isometric force following stretching (residual FE (RFE)). In skeletal muscle, non-cross-bridge (XB) structures may account for this behaviour. So far, it is unknown whether differences between non-XB structures within the heart and skeletal muscle result in deviating contractile behaviour during and after eccentric contractions. Thus, we investigated the force response of intact cardiac trabeculae during and after isokinetic eccentric muscle contractions (10% of maximum shortening velocity) with extensive magnitudes of stretch (25% of optimum muscle length). The different contributions of XB and non-XB structures to the total muscle force were revealed by using an actomyosin inhibitor. For cardiac trabeculae, we found that the force–length dynamics during long stretch were similar to the total isometric force–length relation. This indicates that no (R)FE is present in cardiac muscle while stretching the muscle from 0.75 to 1.0 optimum muscle length. This finding is in contrast with the results obtained for skeletal muscle, in which (R)FE is present. Our data support the hypothesis that titin stiffness does not increase with activation in cardiac muscle.

scholarly journals Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. R2-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Gomez-Cabrera ◽  
G. L. Close ◽  
A. Kayani ◽  
A. McArdle ◽  
J. Viña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Isometric Contractions

Skeletal muscle contractions increase superoxide anion in skeletal muscle extracellular space. We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxide anion was monitored in the extracellular space of mouse gastrocnemius muscles by following the reduction of cytochrome c in muscle microdialysates. A 15-min protocol of nondamaging isometric contractions increased the reduction of cytochrome c in microdialysates, indicating an increase in superoxide anion. Mice treated with the XO inhibitor oxypurinol showed a smaller increase in superoxide anions in muscle microdialysates following contractions than in microdialysates from muscles of vehicle-treated mice. Intact extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles from mice were also incubated in vitro with oxypurinol or polyethylene glycol-tagged Cu,Zn-SOD. Oxypurinol decreased the maximum tetanic force produced by EDL and soleus muscles, and polyethylene glycol-tagged Cu,Zn-SOD decreased the maximum force production by the EDL muscles. Neither agent influenced the rate of decline in force production when EDL or soleus muscles were repeatedly electrically stimulated using a 5-min fatiguing protocol (stimulation at 40 Hz for 0.1 s every 5 s). Thus these studies indicate that XO activity contributes to the increased superoxide anion detected within the extracellular space of skeletal muscles during nondamaging contractile activity and that XO-derived superoxide anion or derivatives of this radical have a positive effect on muscle force generation during isometric contractions of mouse skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Principles of Force Gradation in Skeletal Muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kernell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Basic Properties

A brief survey is given of how motoneurons and motor units are used for the gradation Of muscle force during motor behavior. Basic properties of motoneurons and muscle fibers, including major kinds of functional specialization along the axis of ‘fast’ vs. ‘slow’, are reviewed. The principles underlying the rate and recruitment gradation of force are described, stressing that the properties of motoneurons and muscle fibers are matched to automate important aspects of the gradation procedure. Recent investigations concerning synaptically evoked changes in the discharge properties of motoneurons receive special attention, including ‘plateau’ currents and, under appropriate conditions, self-sustained ‘plateau’ discharges.

Altered muscle force and stiffness of skeletal muscles in α-sarcoglycan-deficient mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. C962-C968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha D. Patel ◽  
Suneal R. Jannapureddy ◽  
Willy Hwang ◽  
Imran Chaudhry ◽  
Aladin M. Boriek
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Passive Stiffness ◽  
Transverse Stress ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Uniaxial And Biaxial Loading

α-Sarcoglycan (ASG) is a transmembrane protein of the dystrophin-associated complex, and absence of ASG causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. We hypothesize that disruption of the sarcoglycan complex may alter muscle extensibility and disrupt the coupling between passive transverse and axial contractile elements in the diaphragm. We determined the length-tension relationships of the diaphragm of young ASG-deficient mice and their controls during uniaxial and biaxial loading. We also determined the isometric contractile properties of the diaphragm muscles from mutant and normal mice in the absence and presence of passive transverse stress. We found that the diaphragm muscles of the null mutants for the protein ASG show 1) significant decrease in muscle extensibility in the directions of the muscle fibers and transverse to fibers, 2) significant reductions in force-generating capacity, and 3) significant reductions in coupling between longitudinal and transverse properties. Thus these findings suggest that the sarcoglycan complex serves a mechanical function in the diaphragm by contributing to muscle passive stiffness and to the modulation of the contractile properties of the muscle.

Distribution of c-protein isoforms in sarcomeres of developing chick skeletal muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
J. E. Dennis ◽  
T. Obinata ◽  
H. Takano-Ohmuro
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Sarcomeric Protein ◽  
Thick Filaments ◽  
Cross Bridges ◽  
Bridge Bearing

C-protein is a 150 kDa protein found within the A bands of all vertebrate cross-striated muscles. By immunoelectron microscopy, it has been demonstrated that C-protein is distributed along a series of 7-9 transverse stripes in the medial, cross-bridge bearing zone of each A band. This zone is now termed the C-zone of the sarcomere. Interest in this protein has been sparked by its striking distribution in the sarcomere: the transverse repeat between C-protein stripes is 43 nm, almost exactly 3 times the 14.3 nm axial repeat of myosin cross-bridges along the thick filaments. The precise packing of C-protein in the thick filament is still unknown. It is the only sarcomeric protein which binds to both myosin and actin, and the actin-binding is Ca-sensitive. In cardiac and slow, but not fast, skeletal muscles C-protein is phosphorylated. Amino acid composition suggests a protein of little or no αhelical content. Variant forms (isoforms) of C-protein have been identified in cardiac, slow and embryonic muscles.

The effect of ionophore A23178 on the α-actinin crosslinks in the z-band of frog skeletal muscle: An EM study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
F.T. Llados ◽  
V. Krlho ◽  
G.D. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ach Release ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Calcium Deposits ◽  
Intense Stimulation

It Is known that Ca++ enters the muscle fiber at the junctional area during the action of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Pappas and Rose demonstrated that following Intense stimulation, calcium deposits are found In the postsynaptic muscle membrane, Indicating the existence of calcium uptake In the postsynaptic area following ACh release. In addition to this calcium uptake, when mammal Ian skeletal muscles are exposed to a sustained action of the neurotransmitter, muscle damage develops. These same effects, l.e., Increased transmitter release, calcium uptake and finally muscle damage, can be obtained by Incubating the muscle with lonophore A23178.

Development of imaging plate for a TEM and its characteristics

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Oikawa ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Phosphor Layer ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
New Type ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Reading System

The Imaging Plate (IP) is a new type imaging device, which was developed for diagnostic x ray imaging. We have reported that usage of the IP for a TEM has many merits; those are high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and good linearity. However in the previous report the reading system was prototype drum-type-scanner, and IP was also experimentally made, which phosphor layer was 50μm thick with no protective layer. So special care was needed to handle them, and they were used only to make sure the basic characteristics. In this article we report the result of newly developed reading, printing system and high resolution IP for practical use. We mainly discuss the characteristics of the IP here. (Precise performance concerned with the reader and other system are reported in the other article.)Fig.1 shows the schematic cross section of the IP. The IP consists of three parts; protective layer, phosphor layer and support.

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