Moisture content and aeration control mineral nutrient solubility in poultry litter

2021 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 113787
Author(s):  
Brendan T. Higgins ◽  
Kristin Chaump ◽  
Qichen Wang ◽  
Rishi Prasad ◽  
Poulomi Dey
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Solubility ◽  
Aeration Control

scholarly journals Investigation of Avalanche Time and Carr’s Index of Poultry Litter Powder as Flowability Indices

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Valaei ◽  
S.R. Hassan-Beygi ◽  
M.H. Kianmehr ◽  
J. Massah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Bulk Solid ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Powder Avalanche

Abstract The world’s dependence on chemical fertilizer as the primary source for enriching agricultural fields is continually increasing that cause nature pollution. This has led researchers to aggressively investigate renewable fertilizer resources, biomass, to produce organic crops and reduced wastage. Poultry litter is a bulk solid and biomass feed stocks. Flow behavior of bulk solid is a critical factor in designing and developing suitable equipments (e.g. pelletizing machine). The bulk density, tap density, Carr’s index and powder avalanche time technique were applied to evaluate the flow properties of poultry litter. The experiments were carried out at moisture content (10, 20 and 30% w.b.), particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) for the bulk and tap densities as well as Carr’s index. In addition to the moisture content (10, 20 and 30 %w.b.) and particle size (0.3, 0.6 and 1.18 mm) the rotational speed of drum (0.5, 1 and1.5 rpm) were also investigated for the avalanche time. The results showed that with increasing moisture content Carr’s index increased significantly (P<0.01) in the ranges of 16.2% to 18.5% and with increasing particle size the Carr’s index decreased from 20.35% to 14.78%. The litter powder avalanche time (AT) increased significantly (P<0.01) with increasing moisture content and decreasing rotational speed and particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the litter powder was decreased with increasing moisture content and increasing the particle size. The bulk and tap densities of the driest and finest poultry litter sample were higher than other ones.

scholarly journals Initial Substrate Moisture Content and Storage Temperature Affect Chemical Properties of Bagged Substrates Containing Poultry Litter Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Ka Yeon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Base Substrate

Bagged potting mixes can be stored for weeks or months before being used by consumers. Some bagged potting mixes are amended with organic fertilizers such as poultry litter (PL), although there is little knowledge about how these and other organic fertilizers release in the substrate while in storage. The objective of this research was to determine nutrient availability from an organic PL fertilizer in a bagged potting substrate stored at different temperatures and with varying initial moisture content (IMC). The base substrate composed of 60 sphagnum peat : 30 bark : 10 perlite (by vol.) amended with 5.5 g·L−1 dolomitic limestone and 0.5 g·L−1 granular wetting agent. This base substrate was either not amended with additional fertilizer [nonfertilized control (NFC)] or amended with a PL fertilizer (microSTART60, 3N–0.9P–2.5K) in its original pelletized form (PL-P) or ground (PL-G), or an uncoated prill fertilizer (UPF, 15N–6.5P–12.5K). Substrates had IMCs of 25%, 45%, or 65% (by weight) and were stored at either 20 or 40 °C. The UPF treatment resulted in lower pH, higher electrical conductivity (EC), and higher percent recovered nitrogen (N) compared with other treatments, as was expected with a readily soluble fertilizer. Poultry litter particle size had no effect on any of the measured chemical properties of the stored substrates. Both PL fertilizer treatments resulted in pH similar to or lower than the NFC. The two PL fertilizers had higher EC throughout the experiment (1.59–2.76 mS·cm−1) than NFC (0.13–0.35 mS·cm−1). Poultry litter fertilizer provided a stable source of N in bagged potting mix over a range of IMC and storage temperatures, with little change in total N released over time.

Moisture content prediction in poultry litter using artificial intelligence techniques and Monte Carlo simulation to determine the economic yield from energy use

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 254-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Octavio Rico-Contreras ◽  
Alberto Alfonso Aguilar-Lasserre ◽  
Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras ◽  
Jhony Josué López-Andrés ◽  
Gabriela Cid-Chama
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques

scholarly journals Quality of poultry litter submitted to different treatments in five consecutive flocks

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Carlos Loch ◽  
Maria Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Dionatan da Silva ◽  
Bruno Nunes Gonçalves ◽  
Bruno Fernandes de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grass Hay

It was evaluated the effects of poultry litter treatment on moisture content, pH, density and volatilized ammonia for five consecutive flocks of broiler chicken breeding. It was used 640 birds per flock as a complete randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the following: 1 non-treated litter; 2 litter submitted to in-house composting; 3 litter treated with aluminum sulfate; 4 litter submitted to gypsum; 5 litter treated with quicklime; 6 litter treated with dolomitic limestone; 7 litter treated with zeolite and 8 litter treated with charcoal. Chopped elephant-grass hay was used as poultry litter in all flocks. Fermentation in the shed increased moisture content of the litters in the second and first flocks on 21 and 42 days of breeding, respectively. There was no difference on density among treatments. Aluminum sulfate reduced pH of the litters in all flocks at 21 days of breding. On 42 days of breeding, pH of the litters was reduced in the litters with aluminum sulfate and gypsum in the first, second and forth flocks. On 21 days, aluminum sulfate reduced the volatilized ammonia in the first, third and forth flocks, and on 42 days, there was a reduction of volatilized ammonia in the litters with aluminum sulfate in the forth flock. Aluminum sulfate can improve quality of poultry litter of chopped elephant-grass hay by reducing pH and ammonia volatilization.

Impeller Blower Performance in Conveying Broiler Litter

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Way ◽  
Haile Tewolde ◽  
Dexter B. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Impeller Speed ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Blower Performance

Abstract. Broadcast application is the typical application method for poultry litter, which is a mixture of poultry manure and a bedding material. Applying poultry litter in subsurface bands reduces concentrations of nutrients from the litter in surface runoff water, reduce loss of ammonia to volatilization, and has been shown to increase cotton lint yield, relative to conventional broadcast application. An impeller blower was developed for conveying poultry litter a short distance horizontally and downward to the soil. When relatively dry pine shavings-based broiler litter with a moisture content of 27% w.b. was used, and the impeller speed was 930 r min-1 [14.9 m s-1 (48.9 ft s-1) circumferential speed], the blower performed well conveying litter at a rate of 1.2 kg s-1 (2.6 lb s-1) [0.88 kg dry matter s-1 (1.9 lb dry matter s-1)]. The blower performance was unsatisfactory, however, when relatively moist litter with a moisture content of 45% w.b. was used because the litter adhered to the interior of the blower outlet and clogged the outlet. The blower was mounted beneath a litter hopper, and safety of people in the vicinity of the blower is a concern if the litter contains rocks or other hard objects, and there is no shield to prevent these objects from being flung upward, out of the hopper, from the blower inlet. When the blower was run at 889 ± 14 r min-1 without any litter, so it was conveying only air, as the area of the circular blower inlet increased by a factor of 25 from 0.00051 to 0.0127 m2 (0.79 to 19.6 in.2), the mean outlet air velocity increased by a factor of 4.0 from 3.0 to 12.0 m s-1 (9.8 to 39.4 ft s-1). The blower conveyed dry litter successfully for a single-band implement [1.2 kg s-1 (2.6 lb s-1) mass flow rate at 930 r min-1 impeller speed], for subsurface band application of poultry litter. Mesh chain conveyors, however, perform better for litter moisture contents up to 40% w.b. The mass flow rate of litter, up to 40% w.b. moisture content, can be controlled quite well with mesh chain conveyors (litter mass flow rate coefficients of variation typically 5% or less), but is more difficult to control with this impeller blower. Keywords: Animal waste, Band application, Impeller blower, Manures, Manure application equipment, Pneumatic conveying, Poultry manure, Subsurface banding.

The digestion of dry-matter, organic matter and nitrogen in calves fed diets containing broiler-house litter

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. L. Jacobs ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Broiler House

SummaryFour diets were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. The diets contained no poultry litter (diet 0); 30% poultry litter (diet 30 D); 50% poultry litter (diet 50 D) or 30% poultry litter which had been ensiled at 45% moisture content for 3 weeks (diet 30 W). The total flow of digesta from the abomasum was measured over four 24 h periods for each diet.The flow of dry matter and organic matter to the duodenum was similar on all four diets but the percentage of apparent digestion occurring in the stomach was higher when the diets containing poultry litter were fed.Less nitrogen was digested in the hind gut on diet 30 W than the other three diets. Greater amounts of the nitrogen ingested and also of the nitrogen flowing to the duodenum were apparently digested in the hind gut on the diet containing no poultry litter. Microbial protein synthesized/100 g organic matter apparently digested in the stomachs was lowest when the calves were fed the 30 W diet.The results obtained in these experiments were then used to evaluate the results of growth trials previously reported.

scholarly journals In-Vessel Poultry Litter Composting to Facilitate Pathogen Reduction and Biofertilizer Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Felix F ◽  
Hashem F.M ◽  
Millner P.D. ◽  
McNelly J.
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Litter Composting

Poultry litter-based organic fertilizers are usually incorporated into soil to improve its structure and fertility to increase crop production, however, poultry litter may also contain a variety of microorganisms which can compromise the safety of fresh produce when applied on agriculture lands. Composting can be a strategy to inactivate these microorganisms while creating a soil amendment beneficial for application to arable agricultural land. The objective of this study was to design and test the effect of moisture and temperature in a mechanically aerated in-vessel composting system for the purpose of reducing bacteria concentration in poultry litter while producing bio fertilizer. The actual composting occurred in four digesters which measured 1.2m x 1.2m x 1.2m. Four treatments were utilized with four different levels of moisture content in each vessel (treatment 1=65%, treatment 2=55% treatment 3=60% treatment 4=50%).Moisture gradually decreased and reached 55%, 44% and 48%, and 38.9% for treatment 1,2,3 and 4, respectively in the final compost product. The maximum average temperatures recorded for test 1, 2, 3 and, 4 were 50.54°C, 50.9 °C, 60.7 and 71.5°C respectively compared to outside temperature (15.4°C), and these temperatures were able to significantly reduce the concentration of total aerobic bacteria, fecal coliform and enterococcus listeria. The initial concentration of the compost piles was approximately 6.57, 6.04 and 3.72 log10 CFU/g of total aerobic bacteria, fecal coliform and enterococcus respectively. After analyzes, all target microorganisms were significantly eliminated. The significant levels of total aerobic bacteria, fecal coliform and enterococcus were p=0.0303, P=0.0258, p=0.0233 respectively. The presence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not detected in all sampling period. Results of in-vessel compost analyses revealed a 16.9% N reduction; 10.1% P increase and 33.7% K increase. Moisture content decreased by 52.2% and elevated C/N ratio and pH by 27.7 % and 3.30% respectively. The leachates generated from the in-vessel composting for the first 21 days were analyzed, and the average results for week 1, 2, and 3, were observed to be 1043.7 mg/L, 1335.23mg/L, and 1029.9mg/L. 

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Biochar Materials Manufactured from Agricultural Products Common to the Southeast United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Michael Popp ◽  
Sammy Sadaka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar

The use of biochar as a soil amendment has fostered much attention in recent years due to its potential of improving the chemical, physical, and biological properties of agricultural soils and/or soilless substrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties of feedstocks, common in the southeast United States, and their resulting biochar products (after being torrefied) and determine if the chemical properties were within suitable ranges for growers to use the biochar products as root substrate components. Poultry litter biochar produced at 400 °C for 2 hours had a higher total phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), and zinc (Zn) concentration than biochar made using the same process with mixed hard wood species, miscanthus (Miscanthus capensis), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) gin trash, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), rice (Oryza sativa) hull, and pine (Pinus sp.) shavings feedstocks. The pH of the biochar products ranged from 4.6 for pine shaving biochar to 9.3 for miscanthus biochar. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 0.1 dS·m−1 for mixed hardwood biochar to 30.3 dS·m−1 for poultry litter biochar. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the biochar products ranged from a low of 0.09 meq/g for mixed hardwood biochar to a high of 19.0 meq/g for poultry litter biochar. The water-extractable nitrate, P, K, Ca, Mg, sulfate, boron, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mo, Na, and Zn were higher in poultry litter biochar than in all of the other types of biochar. The high EC and mineral element concentration of the poultry litter biochar would prevent its use in root substrates except in very small amounts. In addition, the high degree of variability in chemical properties among all of the biochar products would require users to know the specific properties of any biochar product they used in a soil or soilless substrate. Modifications to traditional limestone additions and fertility programs may also need to be tested and monitored to compensate for the biochar pH and mineral nutrient availability. Users should be aware that biochar products made from different feedstocks can have very different chemical properties even if the same process was used to manufacture them.

scholarly journals Bioenergy Valuation of Poultry Litter by Applying an Enzyme Product for Environmental Purposes: A New Applied Technology

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Grétel Burguet-Fernández ◽  
José P. Paredes-Sánchez ◽  
Jorge Xiberta-Bernat
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Enzyme Product ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Potential Risks

The increase and intensification of food production entail some potential risks to the environment due to emissions of greenhouse gases, acid rain and other pollutants. European policies are focused on environmental protection and particularly on the health and welfare of animals intended for human consumption. The transposition of the Directive of water protection (91/676/EEC) and the increase botulism cases in countries such as Ireland have necessitated the search for alternative solutions for the management of poultry manure, which has traditionally been used as a fertilizer. Research has targeted eco-friendly, techno-economical and time-effective solutions, together with a simplified large-scale operational approach. Given this scenario, this project aims to study the use of Colombian enzyme product, called Bioterre, in European farms. This product is used in that country as a stabilizer and composting accelerator of organic waste for fertilizer production. After experimental testing application the average moisture content of the poultry litter in treated sheds of the different farms, at the end of the cycle, is 27%, versus 47% in the untreated sheds. This product decreases the moisture content in the biomass increasing the Lower Heating Value (LHV). Equipment based on this technology could be used mainly in the food processing industry and their bioenergy sustainable projects.

scholarly journals Water activity of poultry litter: Relationship to moisture content during a grow-out

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Dunlop ◽  
Jim McAuley ◽  
Patrick J. Blackall ◽  
Richard M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Poultry Litter
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