The digestion of dry-matter, organic matter and nitrogen in calves fed diets containing broiler-house litter

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. L. Jacobs ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Broiler House

SummaryFour diets were fed to two Friesian bull calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. The diets contained no poultry litter (diet 0); 30% poultry litter (diet 30 D); 50% poultry litter (diet 50 D) or 30% poultry litter which had been ensiled at 45% moisture content for 3 weeks (diet 30 W). The total flow of digesta from the abomasum was measured over four 24 h periods for each diet.The flow of dry matter and organic matter to the duodenum was similar on all four diets but the percentage of apparent digestion occurring in the stomach was higher when the diets containing poultry litter were fed.Less nitrogen was digested in the hind gut on diet 30 W than the other three diets. Greater amounts of the nitrogen ingested and also of the nitrogen flowing to the duodenum were apparently digested in the hind gut on the diet containing no poultry litter. Microbial protein synthesized/100 g organic matter apparently digested in the stomachs was lowest when the calves were fed the 30 W diet.The results obtained in these experiments were then used to evaluate the results of growth trials previously reported.

scholarly journals Mesquite Extract as Phytogenic Additive to Improve the Nutrition of Sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Tonhá Alves Júnior ◽  
Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽  
Dulciene Karla De Andrade Silva ◽  
Thaysa Rodrigues Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Ciliated Protozoa ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis

Four concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg extract per ml of water) of mesquite extract were used as phytogenic additive to verify the potential to increase the nutritional value of the feed, ruminal parameters (primarily propionate production) and nitrogen use efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and quantify the reduction of ciliated protozoa and characterize the ingestive behavior of sheep. Ten adult male sheep were subjected to a 5 × 5 double Latin square design. Prior to feeding, the animals received the mesquite extract. Nutrient intake was estimated from the difference of the amount of feed provided and the total surplus. Rumen content samples were collected to evaluate the profile of short-chain fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, pH, ciliated protozoa, turnover rate and disappearance rate. To estimate the microbial protein synthesis, the technique of purine derivatives was used. The mesquite extract quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, as well as increased propionate production, acetate:propionate ratio and microbial protein synthesis. The numbers of ciliate protozoa in the rumen decreased as a result of mesquite extract inclusion in the diet. The use of mesquite pod extract at a concentration of 488 mg/mL is recommended to improve digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, and to optimize microbial protein synthesis and increase propionic acid production.

The effects of grazing intensity on herbage consumption and animal production: IV. An evaluation of two methods for avoiding the rejection of fouled herbage by dairy cows

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Reid ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
J. N. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Pasture Area

SUMMARYFor phase I of a rotational grazing experiment (three grazing cycles; May–July) a group of nine cows (group S) were ‘conditioned’ to eat fouled herbage by being allowed to graze only on slurry-treated pasture (area 1), and two further groups of nine (groups H and C) grazed on an adjacent area (2) of untreated pasture. One-third of area 2 was harrowed after each grazing. During phase II (the fourth grazing cycle; August) group H grazed on the harrowed part and groups S and C grazed on the remainder of area 2. The herbage allowance was 15 kg dry matter per cow per day in phase I and 12 kg in phase II.In phase I, group S cows ate significantly less than groups C and H combined (9·2 v. 10·5 kg organic matter per day), and lost weight (– 0·37 v. + 0–03 kg/day), but their milk yields were not significantly lower (16·1 v.16–6 kg/day). In phase II neither intake nor milk yield differed significantly between the three groups, but group S cows gained weight while the other two groups lost weight.It was concluded that neither conditioning the cows nor harrowing the pasture was an effective means of avoiding rejection of fouled pasture.

scholarly journals Disturbances of Biological Soil Crust by fossorial birds increase plant diversity in a Peruvian desert

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Rengifo ◽  
Cesar Arana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biological Soil Crust ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
Field Samples

Abstract. The Lomas Formation are fog-dependent oases within the hyper arid band of the Peruvian coast. Biological soil crusts (BSC) form in the Lomas and interact with their fauna and flora. Here we asked if natural disturbances – biopedturbations – made by fossorial birds have an effect on seedlings emergence in the Lomas Formations in the National Reserve of Lachay in Lima, Peru. We analysed active and inactive avian biopedturbations, BSC and bare soil field samples for moisture content. Soil chemical properties were also analysed including organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, electrical conductivity (EC), pH and CaCO3 content, from BSC, the soil beneath the BSC and soil from biopedturbations. Furthermore, we looked into the seedbank and the field emergence of seedlings in plots with BSC and with active and inactive biopedturbations. The results revealed that active biopedturbations had the highest soil moisture content and BSC showed the lowest values. Moreover, organic matter and potassium content were significantly higher in the BSC than the soil beneath it and the bare soil. On the other hand, CaCO3 content and EC were higher in bare soil than the other treatments, and no significant differences were found in soil pH or phosphorus content between treatments. In the seedbank experiment, 13 herbaceous plant species were found; furthermore, biopedturbations had a higher diversity but lower abundance than the BSC. However, in the field observations biopedturbations had a higher diversity and abundance of seedlings than BSC and only 8 herbaceous species were found. The species Fuertesimalva peruviana (L.) Fryxell, Exodeconus prostratus (L'Hér.) Raf., Cryptantha granulosa I. M. Johnst. Solanum phyllanthum Cav. and Calandrinia alba (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) D. C increase their abundance in some type of biopedturbations. Our results showed the positive effect on seed germination and diversity of vascular plants by the natural disturbances made by fossorial birds in a unique ecosystem of the Peruvian desert, and remarks the importance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity for ecosystem structure and functioning.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Jerami Padi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien dan Produk Fermentasi Rumen Kerbau dengan Feces Sebagai Sumber Inokulum

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syapura Syapura ◽  
Muhamad Bata ◽  
Wardhana Surya Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Improving of rice straw quality and its effect on ability nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism products of buffalo in-vitro with feces as inoculum source ABSTRACT.  This study was aimed to determine the effect of feeding  ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate on buffalo nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation products by in vitro. The Research was carried out by using  experimental method, designed according to completely  randomized design (CRD). The source of inoculum was obtain from different feces of three  buffalos kept in  Datar Village of Purwokerto region fed  rice straw, rice straw plus concentrate and rice straw ammoniated plus concentrate with dry matter ratio of 80 : 20. The treatments tested consisted of three treatments, namely R0 =  control feed using rice straw; R1 = the use of rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of  (DM basis) 80:20; R2 = the use of ammoniated rice straw plus concentrate with a ratio of (DM basis) 80:20. The treatments were repeated 7 times, so there were 21 experimental units. The Variables measured included total VFA, Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS),   Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The result of this study showed that the treatment had an effect significant (P0.05) on the concentration of VFA, Ratio A/P,  N-NH3,  Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), and Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility. The HSD test showed that the highest production of  VFA,Ratio A/P, N-NH3, Microbial Protein Synthesis (MPS), Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility were achieved at R2 followed by R1 and R0 respectively. The conclusion is that the ammoniated rice straw supplemented with concentrate can be recommended to be fed to buffalo

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) SHEEP.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A. A. TAIWO ◽  
E. A. ADEBOWALE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINU ◽  
J. F. D. GREENHALGH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Feedblocks, poultry manure diet, gliricidia: leucaena mixture (1:1 W/W) and maize offal diet were compared as sources of protein supplements for WAD sheep fed a basal diet of elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum), through a 12-week performance and digestibility study. Dry matter and organic matter intakes (DMI, OMI) of the sheep were higher (P0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on the other diets. DMI on poultry manure and maize offal diets were not significant (P0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) of the animals followed the same trend as DMI. Sheep fed legume supplements excelled in intakes of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P>0.05). Intakes of CP and ADF by sheep on the other supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05). Sheep fed on feedblock supplement consumed the least amount. (P0.05) of NDF. Variations were observed in DM,OM, and NDF digestibilities by sheep on maize offal, poultry manure and legumes supplements. Crude protein digestibility in the legumes and feedblocks supplements was higher (P0.05) than with the other two supplements. All the sheep used gained weights but those on maize offa' diet recorded higher (P0.05). weight gain (86.57g) than those on browse leaves (59.40g), feedblocks (47.80g) and poultry manure (40.44g). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on other diets. Total VFA recorded for sheep on maize offal diet and legumes supplements was higher (P<0.05) than for the other two supplements. Blood urea nitrogen of the supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05) 

scholarly journals Conservation of Hibiscus acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 372-379
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Miranda Moraes ◽  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Mayara Caroline Carvalho Pinto ◽  
Renato Paiva ◽  
Sandro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Seed Cryopreservation

Hibiscus acetosella (Malvaceae) is a shrub of great importance for landscaping, food and medicinal purposes. The objective of this study was to preserve H. acetosella germplasm by seed cryopreservation. Half of the seed batch was scarified and the other half was kept intact. Cryopreservation occurred by immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour. Moisture content (MC%), germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI), normal seedling formation (NS%), shoot length (SL), dry matter (DM), biometry and plant survival were evaluated after treatment. MC% ranged between 7.7% and 6.65% in intact and scarified seeds, respectively. Scarification raised G% and GSI compared to intact seeds. Intact and scarified seeds had 100% and 70% NS%, respectively, when not cryopreserved. Cryopreservation reduced NS% to 62% and 12.75%, respectively. The highest SL was observed in intact and non-cryopreserved seeds, with an average of 10.21 cm in height. However, the cryopreservation of intact seeds reduced SL by about 50%, and scarification led to a further reduction, either with (3.32 cm) or without (2.47 cm) cryopreservation. Seedlings from intact and non-cryopreserved seeds showed higher DM in relation to seedlings from cryopreserved seeds. The association of cryopreservation and scarification further reduced DM. The cryopreservation of intact seeds yielded 100% survival at the end of the acclimatization process. However, cryopreservation of scarified seeds reduced the survival percentage to 15%. Changes in color were observed for seeds scarified and subjected to cryopreservation. Thus, cryopreservation is considered an efficient technique for the conservation of intact H. acetosella seeds in the long term.

The effect of autotetraploidy in five varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.).

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Hutton ◽  
JW Peak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Induced autotetraploidy in the Dwalganup variety of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) resulted in total dry weight increases of 60 and 65.5 per cent. at flowering and maturity respectively. In the other four varieties the tetraploids had decreased yields of dry matter compared with the diploids, although the decreases for leaf weights at flowering were nonsignificant in Mount Barker and Tallarook, as was the total dry weight reduction in Tallarook at maturity. There were no significant differences between the diploids and tetraploids in percentage moisture content. When early development was stimulated by growth in a glass-house, the tetraploids of all varieties showed a significant increase in yield of green matter. The level of increased growth was maintained only in Dwalganup, and decreased in other varieties during flowering. An analysis was made of the way in which the different plant parts mere changed by tetraploidy. Where decreased growth occurred, the leaves and stems were coarser. In all varieties a reduced seed-setting followed autotetraploidy, although in Dwalganup the yield of seed per plant was not affected.

Nitrogen metabolism in sheep. I. The effect of protein and energy intake on the flow of digesta into the duodenum and on the digestion and absorption of nutrients

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
PE Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur

The digestion of organic matter, nitrogen, and sulphur was measured in sheep fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulae. The sheep were given 1.4, about 16, or 30 g of nitrogen per 24 hr from barley roughage with or without a nitrogen supplement of lucerne, wheat gluten, or casein. A further diet supplied 16.1 g of nitrogen per day but consisted of 83 % low-quality roughage compared with 50% in the other diets. The flow of digesta to the duodenum varied from 4.4 to 6.8 1. per 24 hr with dry matter intakes of 480–800 g per 24 hr. The sheep were fed hourly and watered continuously, and there was a more than 10-fold variation in the flow of digesta to the duodenum over 2-hr collection periods. The digestibility of organic matter was lower for the diet supplying 1.4 g of nitrogen per day than for the other diets. Between 77 and 96 % of the apparent digestion of organic matter occurred before the duodenum. In the sheep given 1.4 g of nitrogen per 24 hr, the flow of nitrogen to the duodenum was 4.8 g per 24 hr, while in the sheep given about 16 g of nitrogen daily the flow of nitrogen to the duodenum was 8.4–11.8 g per 24 hr. Only 35 % of the dietary intake of nitrogen reached the duodenum in the sheep given 30 g of nitrogen daily. The sheep given the diet containing 83 % low-quality roughage showed a lower retention of nitrogen than those given the other diets of similar nitrogen content. Between I and 9 % of the flow of nitrogen to the duodenum was in the form of ammonia. The flow of sulphur to the duodenum was between 33 and 55% of the dietary intake, while 72-99% of the apparent digestion of sulphur occurred before the duodenum. The digestibility of dietary sulphate sulphur was greater than that of the sulphur found in lucerne.

scholarly journals 254 Digestibility of sheep offered tall fescue, meadow fescue and orchardgrass grasses ensiled with slurry or commercial urea fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
Jose M Diaz ◽  
K P Coffey ◽  
W K Coblentz ◽  
D Philipp ◽  
Valens Niyigena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Urea Fertilization

Abstract Silage intake by ruminants can be affected by both fertilization and forage type. The objective of this study was to evaluate digestion by sheep offered three different grasses fertilized with either urea (C) or dairy slurry (S). Plots of meadow fescue (MF), tall fescue (TF) or orchardgrass (OG) were planted on 25 July 2017, and first harvested on 29 June 2018. Plots were then fertilized with urea (52 kg N/ha) or slurry (71,150 L/ha). A second harvest was baled 6 August at approximately 57% moisture and wrapped in plastic. Eighteen lambs (59 ± 1.5 kg) were allocated randomly to one of the 6 treatment combinations to provide 3 lambs per treatment within each of 3 periods consisting of a 10-d adaptation and 7-d total fecal and urine collection. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using PROC MIXED of SAS. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intakes (g/kg BW) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) from MF fertilized with C than from the other forage-fertility combinations. Digestibility of DM and OM were greater (P &lt; 0.05) from MF vs. OG, and OG vs. TF. Digestibility of OM also was greater (P &lt; 0.05) from C vs. S. Digestible DM and OM intakes (g/kg BW) were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) from MF fertilized with C. In addition, digestible DM intake (g/kg BW) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for MF fertilized with S compared to TF fertilized with C, and digestible OM intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for MF fertilized with S compared to OG fertilized with S. Therefore, urea-fertilized meadow fescue may improve energy intake compared with that from orchardgrass or tall fescue, but fertilization of meadow fescue with slurry may reduce this advantage. The study was supported in part by USDA-ARS specific cooperative agreement 58-3655-4-052.

A note on the value of molasses and tapioca as energy supplements to forage for growing steers

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ahmed ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Energy Supplements

SUMMARYThe intake and digestibility of diets containing dried grass supplemented with either molasses or tapioca was studied with 12 Friesian steers in two experiments, using a Latin square design. Three periods were used, each containing 3 weeks preliminary followed by a 10-day collection period. In both experiments long, artificially dried grass was given to appetite (treatment A). The other treatments in Experiment 1 were 25% molasses plus 75% dried grass (B) and 50% molasses plus 50% dried grass (C). In Experiment 2 the treatments were 21% tapioca plus 79% dried grass (D) and 42% tapioca plus 58% dried grass (E). There was no significant difference in dry matter or organic matter intake between the diets, though the intakes in both experiments tended to be lower when the dried grass was supplemented with either molasses or tapioca than when it was given alone. Nor were there any significant differences in the digestibility of dry matter or organic matter between the diets in either experiment. In both experiments the digestibility of crude fibre was significantly lower (P<0·05) when either molasses or tapioca was given with the dried grass than when the grass was offered alone.

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