What's the cost-effective pattern for rural wastewater treatment?

2022 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 114226
Author(s):  
Yuansheng Huang ◽  
Lizhou Wu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Nanke Li ◽  
Yiliang He
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rural Wastewater

scholarly journals Systematic Design, Optimization, and Sustainability Assessment for Generation of Efficient Wastewater Treatment Networks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. Aboagye ◽  
Sean M. Burnham ◽  
James Dailey ◽  
Rohan Zia ◽  
Carley Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Sustainability Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Process Index ◽  
The Cost

Due to population growth and economic development, there has been an increase in global wastewater (WW) generation footprint. There are different technologies associated with the wastewater treatment (WWT) process. The challenge is to select technologies that minimize the cost of treatment, as well as meet purity requirements. Further, there is a need to integrate sustainability analysis to facilitate a holistic decision. With the application of systems engineering, sustainable and cost-effective solutions can be achieved. In this work, we apply systems engineering to generate a sustainable and cost-effective solution. A superstructure was generated by categorizing technologies into four treatment stages. After modeling all functional equations for each technology, an optimization problem was formulated to determine the best path for the treatment process. Mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP), which implements a 0–1 binary integer constraint for active/inactive technologies at each stage was used. Sustainability analysis was performed for each representative case study (municipal and pharmaceutical WWT) using the sustainable process index (SPI). The total cost of municipal WWT is 1.92 USD/m3, while that for the pharmaceutical WWT is 3.44 USD/m3. With the treatment of WW, there is a reduction of over 90% ecological burden based on the SPI metric.

Feasibility of waste stabilization pond technology for small municipalities in Colombia

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Peña ◽  
C.A. Madera ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
The Cost

The selection of any wastewater treatment technology should take into consideration both “software” and “hardware” aspects. There are contrasting opinions regarding the feasibility of waste stabilisation ponds (WSP): some emphasise their advantages while others are concerned with their high land area requirements. As with any technology, WSP are feasible under specific circumstances related to the context where they are to be implemented. In this study data were collected from three regions in Colombia (Nariño, Tolima and Valle del Cauca) in order to assess the feasibility of WSP under real conditions in a tropical country. A feasibility matrix was developed in order to organise and synthesise the information gathered. The results obtained showed that WSP are highly feasible in Tolima and Valle del Cauca due to the fact that these regions have geographical, socio-economic and technical characteristics that enhance the advantages of WSP technology. Nariño has a very mountainous topography along with other local limitations that hinder the application of WSP technology. The cost of land was not found to be a real limitation for the technology, whereas the availability of land is. Finally, the feasibility matrix may be a good planning tool at regional or national levels in order to help decision-making regarding cost-effective wastewater treatment alternatives on the basis of local conditions.

Facile Synthesis of Dye Waste-Calcium Fluoride Hybrid Absorbent and Application to Dye Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2338-2345
Author(s):  
Dan Hua Zhao ◽  
Xiao Jun Liu ◽  
Xiu Lian Zhang ◽  
Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Ethyl Violet ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The Cost

A new hybrid material of CaF2/ABB6B (CFAB) was developed by the template-free hybridization of acid brilliant blue 6B (ABB6B) with CaF2. The composition and structure of the material were determined and characterized. In contrast to conventional sorbents, the hybrid material contains lots of negative charges as the basis of specific adsorption. The efficient removal of cationic dyes of victoria blue B (VBB), ethyl violet (EV) and basic brilliant blue BO (BBBO) indicates that it has an improved adsorption capacity and selectivity with a short removal time less than 5 min; while the hybrid sorbents fit the Langmuir isotherm model. Instead of using ABB6B reagent, an ABB6B-producing wastewater was reused to prepare the cost-effective sorbent, and the equilibrium adsorption capacities of which reached 46.29 mg•g-1, 24.81 mg•g-1 and 30.40 mg•g-1 for VBB, EV and BBBO, respectively. The sorbent was then used to treat the actual wastewater samples with satisfactory results of over 96% decolonization and 82% COD-decreasing. This work has developed a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesizing a practical and efficient sorbent. The results shown that the hybrid adsorption material has ideal decolorization and COD lowering efficiency and a good application prospect in dye industrial wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Design Approach for Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Anish Ghimire ◽  
Ajay Kumar KC ◽  
Bijay Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Constructed Wetlands are an engineered wastewater treatment system that tries to mimic the natural biological, physical and chemical processes to treat wastewater. It is emerging as a cost-effective decentralized wastewater treatment solution in the communities where there is availability of inexpensive lands and lack of skilled operators. Different design approaches have been followed and design parameters based on different literatures have been chosen to design a Sub-surface Flow Constructed Wetlands. A simplified design approach well suited to climatic needs to be developed to maintain the cost effectiveness of the system. The kinetic parameters involved in the treatment should be selected properly in order to get the effective design of the system.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v10i0.7102 Hydro Nepal Vol.10 January 2012 42-47

Nanoclay for Micropollutant Removal in Wastewater-Effective Alternative?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin ◽  
S.G.J. Heijman ◽  
L.C. Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Cost

The effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an important source of priority substances and is, therefore, one of the bottlenecks in achieving the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives. At various locations in the Netherlands, standard for priority substances are exceeded. The current concern regarding the cost and treatment method of these micropollutants in receiving waters may call for new approaches in wastewater treatment. In this study, a new treatment alternative is developed to remove micropollutant and wastewater parameter effectively and in a more cost effective way. A potential solution is the used of clay coupled with biodegradable polymer flocculants. Clay is naturally abundant and relatively inexpensive compared to currently conventional used adsorbent which can also act as coagulants. Experimental studies were carried out with four different nanoclay to select the best nanoclay for further optimisation. The atrazine removal percentage archived is in the range of 10-99% based on the nanoclay concentration of 0.01-50 g/L. Optimisation of best nanoclay performer leads towards atrazine reduction of >99% with dosage of 0.1 g/L. The best and underperformed nanoclay then tested in other experiments with the addition of cationic starch flocculants. In this experiment, the addition of polymer increased the atrazine removal for the underperformer nanoclay to 46% with only 0.01 g/L clay dosages. This new approach in dealing with both micropollutant and wastewater parameter is promising and might help in reducing the compound concentration and the operational cost. However, further analysis and optimisation is required before any conclusion can be made.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

Sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein

Phlebologie ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schulz ◽  
M. Jünger ◽  
M. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

Summary Objective: The goal of the study was to assess the effectiveness and patient tolerability of single-session, sonographically guided, transcatheter foam sclerotherapy and to evaluate its economic impact. Patients, methods: We treated 20 patients with a total of 22 varicoses of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in Hach stage III-IV, clinical stage C2-C5 and a mean GSV diameter of 9 mm (range: 7 to 13 mm). We used 10 ml 3% Aethoxysklerol®. Additional varicoses of the auxiliary veins of the GSV were sclerosed immediately afterwards. Results: The occlusion rate in the treated GSVs was 100% one week after therapy as demonstrated with duplex sonography. The cost of the procedure was 207.91 E including follow-up visit, with an average loss of working time of 0.6 days. After one year one patient showed clinical signs of recurrent varicosis in the GSV; duplex sonography showed reflux in the region of the saphenofemoral junction in a total of seven patients (32% of the treated GSVs). Conclusion: Transcatheter foam sclerotherapy of the GSV is a cost-effective, safe method of treating varicoses of GSV and broadens the spectrum of therapeutic options. Relapses can be re-treated inexpensively with sclerotherapy.

A Digital Economy Model for Talent Prediction Data Analytic

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Haru Purnomo Ipung ◽  
Amin Soetomo
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Token Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Data Analytic

This research proposed a model to assist the design of the associated data architecture and data analytic to support talent forecast in the current accelerating changes in economy, industry and business change due to the accelerating pace of technological change. The emerging and re-emerging economy model were available, such as Industrial revolution 4.0, platform economy, sharing economy and token economy. Those were driven by new business model and technology innovation. An increase capability of technology to automate more jobs will cause a shift in talent pool and workforce. New business model emerge as the availabilityand the cost effective emerging technology, and as a result of emerging or re-emerging economic models. Both, new business model and technology innovation, create new jobs and works that have not been existed decades ago. The future workers will be faced by jobs that may not exist today. A dynamics model of inter-correlation of economy, industry, business model and talent forecast were proposed. A collection of literature review were conducted to initially validate the model.

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coating ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document