A comprehensive classification method for VOC emission sources to tackle air pollution based on VOC species reactivity and emission amounts

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao Li ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xia Shao ◽  
Lei Nie ◽  
Hailin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

the emission; this is the entrance of the airborne pollutants into the open atmosphere. The local position of this entrance is the emission source, - the transmission, including all phenomena of transport, dispersion and dilution in the open atmosphere, - the immission; this is the entrance of the pollutant into an acceptor. As we are regarding odoriferous pollutants, the immisson is their entrance into a human nose. About air pollution from industrial emission sources, i.g. S02 from power plants, a wide knowledge is available, including sophisticated methods of emission measurement, atmospheric diffusion calculation and measurement of immission concentration in the ambient air. In most countries we have complete national legal regulations, concerning limitation of air contaminent emissions, calculation of stack height and at least evaluation and determination of maximum inmission values. Within this situation the question arises, whether these wellproved methods and devices are suitable for agricultural odour emissions from agricultural sources too. It is well known that all calculations and values, established in air pollution control, are based on large sets of data, obtained by a multitude of experiments and observations. The attempt to apply these established dispersion models to agricultural emission sources, leads to unreasonable results. A comparison in table 1 shows that the large scale values of industrial air pollutions, on which the established dispersion models are based, are too different from those in agriculture. In order to modify the existing dispersion models or to design other types of models, we need the corresponding sets of observations and of experimental data, adequate to the typical agricultural conditions. There are already a lot of investigations to measure odour at the source and in the ambient air. But we all know about the reliability of those measurements and about the difficulties to quantify these results adequate to a computer model calculating the relation between emission and immision depending on various influences and parameters. So we decided to supplement the odour measurements by tracer gas measurements easy to realise with high accuracy. The aim is to get the necessary sets of experimental data for the modification of existing dispersion models for agricultural conditions. 2. INSTRUMENTAL 2.1 EMISSION the published guideline VDI 3881 /2-4/ describes, how to measure odour emissions for application in dispersion models. Results obtained by this method have to be completed with physical data like flow rates etc. As olfactometric odour threshold determination is rather expensive, it is supplemented with tracer gas emissions, easy to quantify. In the mobile tracer gas emission source, fig. 2, up to 50 kg propane per hour are diluted with up to 1 000 m3 air per hour. This blend is blown into the open atmosphere. The dilution device, including the fan, can be seperated from the trailer and mounted at any place, e.g. on top of a roof to simulate the exaust of a pig house or in the middle of a field to simulate undisturbed air flow. 2.2 TRANSMISSION For safety reasons, propane concentration at the source is always below the lower ignition concentration of 2,1 %. As the specific gravity of this emitted propane-air-blend is very close to that of pure air (difference less than 0,2%) and as flow parameters can be chosen in a wide range, we assume

1986 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Open Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Odour Emissions

scholarly journals Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Hsien Yang ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gupta ◽  
Narayan Babu Dhital
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Stencil Printing ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Ozone Formation Potential ◽  
Level I

AbstractManufacturing industries are one of the important emission sectors of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOC emission factors, relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) and relative carcinogenic risk (RCR) were estimated for manufacturing industries (n = 13) located in central Taiwan. Emission samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and were analyzed with a system of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Higher emission factors of total VOCs (∑VOCs) were observed for stencil printing (423 mg-VOC kg− 1) compared to other emission industries. Alkanes constituted the most prominent group of VOCs for steel foundry (42%), aluminum foundry (25%) and synthetic resin industries (25%). Oxygenated VOCs were the most abundant group in the organic solvent (80%), polyester resin (80%) and polyurethane (75%) industries. Moreover, emissions from acrylic resin manufacturing had a major contribution from aromatic compounds (> 95%). Toluene was the topmost compound in terms of its contribution to ∑VOCs in plastic tape manufacturing (44%), aluminum foundry (40%), steel foundry (12%), plastic coating (64%) and stencil printing (35%). Analysis of ozone formation potentials showed that the metal product and machinery acrylic resin manufacturing and stencil printing had a higher normalized relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) index and belonged to Level-I emission sources. However, in terms of the relative carcinogenic risk (RCR), integrated iron and steel manufacturing had the highest normalized RCR index that belonged to level-I emission sources. Level-I represents the most important VOC emission sources. This study provides a reactivity- and carcinogenicity-based approach to identify high-priority VOC emission sources. The results of this study would help formulate emission reduction policies and strategies for manufacturing industries.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Model of Folktale Classification as a Visual Guide to a Malaysian Folktale Classification System Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 05080
Author(s):  
Harryizman Harun ◽  
Zulikha Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Classification System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Representation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

In a study to systematically preserve the Malaysian folktales as one of Malaysia’s intangible cultural heritage, a Malaysian Folktale Classification System (MFCS) is proposed to be developed as encouraged by UNESCO. Such a classification system is currently absent in Malaysia. In order to develop a comprehensive classification system, three folktale units are integrated and utilized: function, motif, and type. The use of the three folktale units ensures that the MFCS covers two important facets of folktale: structure and content. The integration of the classification system warrants a complicated classification process. Therefore, a conceptual model, which is central to this article, is constructed as a visual guide to assist the classification process. It illustrates a flow of analysis and all components required to classify namely the three folktale units and their guiding factors, and a primary classification method. A pictorial representation method is utilized to construct the conceptual model. With the conceptual model constructed, it is expected that the analysis of the Malaysian folktales toward the development of the MFCS becomes apparent and guided.

Climate Changes and Atmospheric Pollution

2022 ◽  
pp. 540-577
Author(s):  
Gustavo Marques da Costa ◽  
Darlan Daniel Alves ◽  
Danielle Paula Martins ◽  
Katiucia Nascimento Adam ◽  
Sabrina Antunes Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Individual Contribution ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

The objective of this chapter is to present the central concepts, parameters, and methods for the monitoring of climate changes, with a focus on air pollution, and the possible global and regional impacts of climate changes as well. There are plant species used as bioindicators that have a high sensitivity or ability to accumulate environmental pollutants. Another method that this chapter will present is the use of receiver models that employ both mathematical and statistical approaches to quantify the individual contribution of a given number of emission sources in the composition of a sample. The data presented in this chapter will provide reliable bases and methodologies for environmental control, supporting the adoption of more restrictive policies.

Intake Fraction Variability Between Air Pollution Emission Sources Inside an Urban Area

Risk Analysis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Tainio ◽  
Piotr Holnicki ◽  
Miranda M. Loh ◽  
Zbigniew Nahorski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Intake Fraction ◽  
Pollution Emission

scholarly journals Reducing Mortality from Air Pollution in the United States by Targeting Specific Emission Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumil K. Thakrar ◽  
Srinidhi Balasubramanian ◽  
Peter J. Adams ◽  
Inês M. L. Azevedo ◽  
Nicholas Z. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emission Sources

scholarly journals Sources of Risk to the Health of the Population, by Inhalation of PM2.5 in the Toluca Valley, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Venancio Díaz Godoy ◽  
Angélica Flores Ortiz ◽  
Jose López Monroy ◽  
Jaime Moreno Alcántara ◽  
Judith Castellanos Moguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Respiratory Cancer ◽  
Toluca Valley

Abstract Introduction: PM2.5 air pollution causes death and morbidity in populations, 4.2 million premature deaths have been reported worldwide per year and can cause cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, among other diseases. As a result, it is important to know the sources that produce them.Objective: Determine the possible Sources of Risk (SR) to health, by inhalation of Elemental Chemical Composition (EQC) obtained from PM2.5 samples in the Toluca Valley (TV).Method: Sampling was carried out (26/11/16-14/03/18) in San Mateo Atenco, Ceboruco, Nueva Oxtotitlán, San Lorenzo Tepaltitlán, Zinacantepec and San Cristóbal Huichochitlán, using medium volume equipment every six days for 24 hours. It was calculated: gravimetry, analysis by atomic technique PIXE (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission) to obtain the EQC. The emission sources were determined with multivariate analysis, the elemental risk for three sensitive classes of the population and their possible sources of risk. Results: The SRs determined: Dust-Soil, Industry, Hydrocarbons, Vehicle, Burn-Fuels, Fine Gravimetric Mass, Coal burning, Metallurgy and Sulphates. Discussion: The SRs with the highest values, for sensitive populations, were Industry and Dust-Soil, this as a consequence of the large number of existing industries that produce EQC. Conclusion: The risks of inhalation of EQC present in PM2.5 for sampling sites were high, because of this there is a high probability of contracting some diseases that can be caused by EQC. The risk determined for sources in the ZMTV, to date, does not exist in similar research in the literature.

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