The relationship of coprophagy to fecal microbial species richness in neonatal foals

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
L.A. Strasinger ◽  
A.L. Fowler ◽  
S. Hayes ◽  
G.L. Gellin ◽  
M.D. Flythe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of testate amoebae (Amoebozoa, Rhizaria) in reservoirs, Northeastern Bulgaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Rositsa Davidova ◽  
Senay Sevginov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of the study is to describe the testate amoebae fauna in seven reservoirs in the Northeastern Bulgaria and to investigate the relationship of taxonomic diversity and abundance of these organisms to the some characteristics of the reservoirs. A total of 52 species, varieties and forms belonging to 15 genera were identified in the benthal of the coastal zone. There are significant differences in species richness and abundance between the testacea of different reservoirs. Number of taxa was significantly higher in the Beli Lom (29 species and 12 genera) and Loznitsa (22 species and 13 genera). Most of the reservoirs - Kara Michal, Bogdantsi, Isperih, Lipnik and Brestovene have extremely poor fauna compared to other similar reservoirs. This is confirmed by the low values of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, which varied between 1.04 and 2.396, as well as by the other indices used to assess the environmental conditions in the reservoirs. The data of the regression analysis showed that a relation between age, surface area and water volume of the reservoirs and the species richness and abundance of testacea is not established.

scholarly journals The underpinnings of the relationship of species richness with space and time

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Scheiner ◽  
Alessandro Chiarucci ◽  
Gordon A. Fox ◽  
Matthew R. Helmus ◽  
Daniel J. McGlinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The role of geography and host abundance in the distribution of parasitoids of an alien pest

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Nováková ◽  
Jaroslav Holuša ◽  
Jakub Horák
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Alien Pest ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
The Relationship

Chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are probably the most effective and abundant parasitoids of the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella), an alien pest in Europe that lacks specialized enemies. We studied how the species richness and abundance of chalcids are influenced by altitude, direction of an alien spread and host abundance ofC. ohridella. We quantified the numbers and species richness of chalcid wasps and the numbers ofC. ohridellathat emerged from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaf litter samples collected from 35 sites in the Czech Republic. Species richness of chalcids, which was considered an indicator of the possible adaptation of parasitoids to this alien host, was unrelated toC. ohridellaabundance, direction of spread, or altitude. Chalcid abundance, which was considered an indicator of parasitism of the alien host, was strongly and positively related toC. ohridellaabundance. Chalcid abundance was negatively related to direction of spread and positively related, although in a non-linear manner, to altitude. The relationship of chalcid abundance with direction of spread and altitude was weaker than that withC. ohridellaabundance. The results provide evidence that biological control of the alien pestC. ohridellaby natural enemies might develop in the future.

scholarly journals Malpighiaceae de Colombia: Patrones de distribución, riqueza, endemismo y diversidad filogenética

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Diego Giraldo-Cañas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Plant Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Malpighiaceae constitutes a family of 77 genera and ca. 1300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. They are mainly diversified in the American continent and distributed in a wide range of habitats and altitudinal gradients. For this reason, this family can be a model plant group to ecological and biogeographical analyses, as well as evolutive studies. In this context, an analysis of distribution, richness, endemism and phylogenetic diversity of Malpighiaceae in natural regions and their altitudinal gradients was undertaken. Malpighiaceae are represented in Colombia by 34 genera and 246 species (19.1% of endemism). Thus, Colombia and Brazil (44 genera, 584 species, 61% of endemism) are the two richest countries on species of this family. The highest species richness and endemism in Colombia is found in the lowlands (0-500 m a.s.l.: 212 species, 28 endemics); only ten species are distributed on highlands (2500-3200 m a.s.l.). Of the Malpighiaceae species in Colombia, Heteropterys leona and Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides have a disjunct amphi-Atlantic distribution, and six other species show intra-American disjunctions. Both richness and endemism decrease with altitude (y = -0.061x + 173.57; R2 = 0.82; y = -0.009x + 27.76; R2 = 0.95, respectively). Amazonia (116 species, 4 endemics) and the Andes (89 species, 23 endemics) exhibit the highest richness among the family. In Colombia, 15 of the 19 clades among the family are represented, where the most diversified are the Stigmaphyllon clade (5 genera, 48 species, 10 endemics), the Byrsonima clade (3/39/5) and the Hiraea clade (3/31/9). The relationship of phylogenetic diversity with altitude is similar to the pattern of specific richness by altitudinal interval. Amazonia, Orinoquia, and Magdalena Valley show highest phylogenetic diversity. These results, combined with those of other highly diversified biological groups in the country, could be important to define and delimitate new priority areas for conservation in Colombia.

Effects of Sand Dune Stabilization on Plant Diversity of Interdune Lowlands in the Semi-Arid Sand Dune Fieds

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 3518-3521
Author(s):  
Shou Gang Yan ◽  
Qing Tao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dune Stabilization ◽  
Sand Dune Stabilization ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semi Arid

Considering each interdune lowland as a self-contained unit, we investigated species composition of 15 interdune lowlands in stabilized and active dunes, respectively, and identified the relationship of species richness and lowland area. The results showed that 1) with the enlargement of lowland area, the overall species richness of interdune lowlands in stabilized and active dunes increased logarithmically. When the area was the same, richness of stabilized dunes was more than that of active dunes. 2) with the increasing of lowland area in stabilized and active dunes, psammophytes richness relative to the overall species richness decreased logarithmically. When the area was the same, the percentage in lowlands of active dunes was more than that of stabilized dunes. Therefore, We concluded that dune stabilization, on one hand, raises species richness and on the other, leads to the loss of endemic or rare psammophytes in interdune lowlands.

scholarly journals Soil carbon and plant richness relationships differ among grassland types, disturbance history and plant functional groups

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Anacker ◽  
T. R. Seastedt ◽  
T. M. Halward ◽  
A. L. Lezberg
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Prairie Dog ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Grassland Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grassland Types

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship of soil carbon storage and species diversity in grasslands can provide insights into managing these ecosystems. We studied relationships among soil C and plant species richness within ~ 9700 ha of grasslands in Colorado, US. Using 141 grassland transects, we tested how soil C was related to plant species richness, grassland type, soil texture, and prairie dog presence. Soil C was significantly, positively related to plant species richness, while native perennial graminoid species richness exhibited an even stronger positive relationship. However, the relationship of soil C and plant richness was not found in all three grassland types studied, but instead was unique to the most common grassland type, mixed grass prairie, and absent from both xeric tallgrass and mesic tallgrass prairie. The presence of a single indicator species, Andropogon gerardii, showed a significant, positive relationship with soil carbon. Our best possible model explained 45% of the variance in soil C using species richness, grassland type, and their interaction. Surprisingly, soil C was negatively related to soil clay, suggesting that surface clays amplify evaporation and water runoff rather than protecting soil organic matter from decomposition. Soil C was negatively related to prairie dog presence, suggesting that prairie dogs do not enhance soil carbon sequestration; in fact, prairie dog occupied sites had significantly lower soil C, likely related to loss of topsoil from prairie dog colonies. Our results suggest that management for species richness provides the co-benefit of soil C storage, and high clay and prairie dog disturbance compromises both.

Studying Arthropod Species Richness in a School-Yard Natural Area: Using Inquiry to Engage Student Interest in Scientific Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
School Yard ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The interdependence of living organisms and related ecology concepts are often difficult for students to grasp if they only study them from textbooks. To really understand how habitat fragmentation affects biodiversity, it is best to allow students to study it in the field. In the activities described here, I used inquiry as a basis for experiential learning. Focusing on two natural areas of unequal size, students investigated the areas to assess arthropod species richness and examine whether it was correlated with the size of the area. By establishing 10 daily observation periods and identifying arthropods in each session, students observed firsthand the relationship of species richness to biodiversity and that the size of the natural area was not significant. This translated to a greater understanding of biodiversity and its role in the relationships of living organisms in a local ecosystem. Students also gained valuable insight into how scientific studies are conducted.

scholarly journals TOPONYMS AS PROXY OF CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: AN EXAMPLE USING CHILEAN MUNICIPALITY NAMES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gastón O Carvallo ◽  
María J. Escalona
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Native People ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Human Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Ecosystem services, the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, have been shown to have a positive relationship with biodiversity. The relationship of cultural ecosystem services (CES) with biodiversity is unclear because CES requires subjective evaluations that are difficult to quantify. Toponyms, the places name, reflect human assessment of the natural environment components, such as species composition, that may be reflexed in the place designation. Therefore, regions with greater biodiversity (e.g. species richness) might be expected to exhibit a greater proportion of toponyms related to biotic elements that places with lower biodiversity. We assessed this prediction using the meaning of 346 municipalities in Chile. Specifically, we analyzed the relationship between species richness and the proportion of toponyms that reference biotic elements at two spatial scales: coarse-grained (regions) and fine-grained (municipalities) scales. Toponyms were categorized according to language origin as being either native (non-Spanish, mainly from Mapuche and Quechua people) or non-native (Spanish). At the coarse-grained scale, we found a positive correlation between species richness and the proportion of toponyms associated with biotic elements (e.g. species names). This relation was maintained when only native language toponyms were considered. At the fine-grained scale, only toponyms with native origin showed a marginal relationship between species richness and the probability that toponyms carry a meaning related to biotic elements. We observed that biodiversity is reflected in the name of places, reinforcing the cultural importance of biodiversity, especially among native people. We propose that toponyms could be incorporated into models used to measure the relative importance of Cultural Ecosystem Services.

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