Lycium ruthenicum diet alters the gut microbiota and partially enhances gut barrier function in male C57BL/6 mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoming Tian ◽  
Jianhua Zhao ◽  
Wei An ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum

scholarly journals Nutritional intervention for the intestinal development and health of weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 30-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract Weaning imposes simultaneous stress, resulting in reduced feed intake and growth rate and increased morbidity and mortality of weaned pigs. Weaning impairs the intestinal integrity, disturbs digestive and absorptive capacity, and increases the intestinal oxidative stress and susceptibility of diseases in piglets. The improvement of intestinal development and health is critically important for enhancing nutrient digestibility capacity and disease resistance of weaned pigs, therefore, increasing their survival rate at this most vulnerable stage and overall productive performance during later stages. A healthy gut may include but not limited several important features: a healthy proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, an integrated gut barrier function, a preferable or balanced gut microbiota, and a well-developed intestinal mucosa immunity. Burgeoning evidence suggested nutritional intervention are one of promising measures to enhance intestinal health of weaned pigs, although the exact protective mechanisms may vary and are still not completely understood. Previous research indicated that functional amino acids, such as arginine, cysteine, glutamine, or glutamate, may enhance intestinal mucosa immunity (i.e. increased sIgA secretion), reduce oxidative damage, stimulate proliferation of enterocytes, and enhance gut barrier function (i.e. enhanced expression of tight junction protein) of weaned pigs. A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting intestinal immunity and regulating gut microbiota, therefore, reducing the negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges on piglets. The promising results have been demonstrated in antimicrobial peptides, clays, direct-fed microbials, micro-minerals, milk components, oligosaccharides, organic acids, phytochemicals, and many other feed additives. This review summarizes our current understanding of nutritional intervention on intestinal health and development of weaned pigs and the importance of mechanistic studies focusing on this research area.

scholarly journals Protection of Galacto-Oligosaccharide against E. coli O157 Colonization through Enhancing Gut Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Yan Zou ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yuanyifei Wang ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Jingmin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) has been added to infant formula as prebiotics and can bring many benefits to human health. This study proved the effect of GOS in prevention and alleviation against E. coli O157 invasion and colonization and the mechanism behind this was explored in a mice model. The results showed that the expression of Muc2 and Occlaudin were both significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05) by E. coli O157 infection, while GOS alleviated this phenomenon, which means that GOS can reduce the colonization of E. coli O157 by enhancing the gut barrier function. Through the determination of inflammatory cytokines, we found that GOS can relieve inflammation caused by pathogens. At the same time, GOS can promote the growth of probiotics such as Akkermansia, Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides, thus modulating microorganism environments and improving short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in the intestine. This study provides an explanation for the mechanism behind the protection of GOS against pathogen infection.

scholarly journals Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on the Adult Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Tanja Šuligoj ◽  
Louise Kristine Vigsnæs ◽  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Athanasia Apostolou ◽  
Katia Karalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Caco2 Cell ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
The Impact

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the gut microbiota in infants by selectively stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria. Here, we investigated the impact of HMOs on adult gut microbiota and gut barrier function using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), Caco2 cell lines, and human intestinal gut organoid-on-chips. We showed that fermentation of 2’-O-fucosyllactose (2’FL), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and combinations thereof (MIX) led to an increase of bifidobacteria, accompanied by an increase of short chain fatty acid (SCFA), in particular butyrate with 2’FL. A significant reduction in paracellular permeability of FITC-dextran probe was observed using Caco2 cell monolayers with fermented 2’FL and MIX, which was accompanied by an increase in claudin-8 gene expression as shown by qPCR, and a reduction in IL-6 as determined by multiplex ELISA. Using gut-on-chips generated from human organoids derived from proximal, transverse, and distal colon biopsies (Colon Intestine-Chips), we showed that claudin-5 was significantly upregulated across all three gut-on-chips following treatment with fermented 2’FL under microfluidic conditions. Taken together, these data show that, in addition to their bifidogenic activity, HMOs have the capacity to modulate immune function and the gut barrier, supporting the potential of HMOs to provide health benefits in adults.

Gut microbiota from end-stage renal disease patients disrupt gut barrier function by excessive production of phenol

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 409-412
Author(s):  
Xifan Wang ◽  
Yanling Hao ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu ◽  
Shoujuan Yu ◽  
Weibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Régnier ◽  
Matthias Van Hul ◽  
Claude Knauf ◽  
Patrice D Cani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Overweight and obesity are associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and liver diseases. The gut microbiota is a potential contributing factor regulating energy balance. However, although the scientific community acknowledges that the gut microbiota composition and its activity (e.g., production of metabolites and immune-related compounds) are different between healthy subjects and subjects with overweight/obesity, the causality remains insufficiently demonstrated. The development of low-grade inflammation and related metabolic disorders has been connected with metabolic endotoxaemia and increased gut permeability. However, the mechanisms acting on the regulation of the gut barrier and eventually cardiometabolic disorders are not fully elucidated. In this review, we debate several characteristics of the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and metabolic outcomes. We examine the role of specific dietary compounds or nutrients (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, sweeteners, and a fructose-rich diet) as well as different metabolites produced by the microbiota in host metabolism, and we discuss how they control several endocrine functions and eventually have either beneficial or deleterious effects on host health.

scholarly journals Improvement of Gut Barrier Function by Potato Anthocyanins Is Dependent on Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 344-344
Author(s):  
Shiyu Li ◽  
Lavanya Reddivari
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Objectives Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic colonic inflammation, impaired barrier function and gut bacterial dysbiosis. Anthocyanin-containing potatoes have been shown to maintain the intestinal barrier function in colitic mice. However, the role of gut microbiota in the anti-colitic effects of anthocyanin-containing potatoes is not clear. This study evaluated the gut barrier protective efficacy of purple- and red-fleshed potatoes using a DSS-induced murine model of colitis with the intact and antibiotic-depleted microbiota. Methods Four-week-old mice (C57BL6) were randomized into four groups, receiving a standard control diet, or a 20% purple-/red-fleshed potato (PP/RP) supplemented diet. A broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail was used to deplete the gut bacteria. After eight weeks, mice were treated with 2% DSS in their drinking water for five days to induce colitis. The polyphenol composition of potatoes was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Intestinal permeability was measured using FITC-dextran. Colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were determined using the o-dianisidine dihydrochloride method. The fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content of mice was measured by GC-FID. RT-PCR was used to analyze the relative gene expression levels of cytokines and bacterial abundance. Results The predominant anthocyanin detected in RP was pelargonidin (93.13%). Whereas petunidin (75.57%) and malvidin (21.05%) were the two major anthocyanins present in PP. Administration of antibiotics resulted in a reduction in fecal SCFA. Antibiotic-treated mice were more prone to the DSS-induced increase in gut permeability. Anthocyanin-containing potato diets alleviated DSS-induced colonic damage, elevation in histology score and gut permeability only in non-antibiotic mice. RP alone suppressed the elevated colonic MPO activity and the gene expression levels of MUC2 in mice with intact gut microbiota. Conclusions In summary, anthocyanin-containing potatoes alleviated colitis-associated colonic epithelial damage and increased gut permeability in intact microbiota mice but not in microbiota-ablated mice. This suggests that the gut microbiome is essential for the gut barrier protective activity of anthocyanin-containing potatoes. Funding Sources USDA-NIFA awards 2016–67,017-29,285 and 2019–67,017-29,258.

scholarly journals JinQi Jiangtang Tablet Regulates Gut Microbiota and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Cao ◽  
Guowang Yao ◽  
Yuanyuan Sheng ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Zixuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Background. Gut microbiota modulates the barrier function and host inflammatory state in metabolic disease. JinQi Jiangtang (JQJT) tablets are a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetes. However, the low bioavailability of its chemical compositions makes it hard to explain the pharmacological mechanisms.Method. Diabetic mice were orally treated with JQJT tablets for 5 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and the level of HbA1c were measured, and ITT were conducted to determine the insulin improvement effect of JQJT tablets. The regulation effect on gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq platform. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids was measured by HS-GC/MS. D-LA leakage experiment and PAS staining were used to check the function of the gut barrier. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines were determined by using an ELISA kit.Results. This study showed that JQJT tablets downregulated fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and regulated gut microbiota. JQJT tablet-treated groups exhibited a more sensitive reaction after a small-dose injection of short-acting insulin. T2DM mice treated with JQJT tablets showed a higher abundance ofAkkermansiaspp. and lower abundance ofDesulfovibrio. JQJT tablets increased the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; in particular, butyric acid was significantly increased with respect to the MOD group. Gut mucosal barrier function experiment showed that the level of D-LA was obviously decreased in JQJT tablet-treated groups compared with the model group and the number of goblet cells was significantly increased by JQJT tablet treatment. JQJT tablets could also reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, which were related to insulin resistance.Conclusion. We demonstrated that JQJT tablets could improve T2DM insulin resistance, regulating the gut microbiota and promoting the production of SCFAs. The mechanism was related to increasing the gut barrier function and reducing the host inflammatory reaction.

scholarly journals Depletion of Gut Microbiota Impairs Gut Barrier Function and Antiviral Immune Defense in the Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Guo ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Xiaoran Li ◽  
Qingfeng Zhu ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Commensal gut microbiota protects the immune defense of extra-intestinal organs. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics can impair host antiviral immune responses and alter hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection outcomes. However, how gut microbiota modulates antiviral immune response in the liver remains unclear. Here, mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics to deplete gut microbiota. Gut integrity was evaluated, and translocation of live commensal gut bacteria and their components into the liver was investigated. An HBV infection model was established to evaluate impairment of antiviral immune response in the liver after gut microbiota depletion. We found that gut microbiota depletion was associated with impairment of colon epithelial integrity, and live commensal gut microbiota could translocate to the liver. Further, T cell antiviral function in the liver was impaired, partially relying on enhanced PD-1 expression, and HBV immune clearance was hampered. In conclusion, gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics can impair gut barrier function and suppress T cell antiviral immune response in the liver.

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